2022年初中英语语法复习主谓一致讲解及练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中考语法专题复习 -主谓一样主谓一样的概念；所谓主谓一样是指 “ 主语和谓语动词”语动词对应的形式）；（一）主谓一样的种类一、【语法一样】之间 ,即（主语的人称和单复数形式） 打算着（谓1. <and 连接 >两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候 ,谓语动词有以下两种情形：1 假如指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候 ,谓语动词用复数；He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的同学；（2）假如连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数；The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个唱歌家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演；The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上；2. 假如主语是 <不定式 , 动词 ing 形式或主语从句 When he is coming seems very important. >的时候 ,谓语动词一般用单数；他什么时候要来看起来很重要；Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好；To love her is not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由翱翔的翅膀；3. 定语从句的 <关系代词 who, which, that> 在从句中作主语时,要与 <先行词 >的人称和数保持一样；Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 假如句子中有这些连接词和主语连用 ,谓语动词的数 <随主语的变化 >而变化（就近原就） ；例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的同学们正在街道上植树；二、 意义一样原就 指主谓一样取决于主语的其实际意义；（有的主语名词在形式上是单数 , 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数 , 但在意义上却是单数； ）1.不定代词 all, more, some, any, none 作主语 ,谓语动词视情形而定；All of the apples _rotten. 全部的苹果都烂了；在句子中加名词作主语的时候,<谓语动词All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了；None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱；None of the students _ there. 没有同学在那里；2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of与 of 后面的名词保持一样>；Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的同学已经完成了他们的作文；Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了；About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我们学校 , 大约百分之六十的同学是男生 . 3. 集合名词作主语 , 动词可用单数 , 也可以用复数； 主要由句子的意思打算；强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时 , 动词就用复数；这一类常见的集合名词有 group；public, family, class, crowd, population, team, 名师归纳总结 His family _going out. 他们全家要外出；第 1 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者；4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle 等,形式上是单数 , 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数；people 指“ 民族” 时是例外；The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数,如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing ；Someone is asking for you. 有人找你；Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到；6. 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等；但假如主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of 等加名词” 构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式；如：The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了；The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了；7.某些名词以 s 结尾如 maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等,谓语动词应用单数；Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很好玩的学科；8. 以 a number of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用复数 A number of new books are on the desk. ; 以 the number of 作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数；The number of students in you class is 50. 9. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候 , 其谓语动词由上下文打算, 这一类名词有 : means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, spacecraft等；Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使；Not all means are useful. 不是全部的方法都好使；10. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel. 三、 就近原就 , 谓语动词常用单数；either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be 句型中 ,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一样；Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table. Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 留意事项 1. “ 分数或百分数 +名词” 构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词” 构成的短语作主语时 ,其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一样 ,这是由于短语中后面的名词是中心词 ,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语；例如 : Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earth s surface is covered with water. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Three-fifths of the workers here are women. 和这种情形类似的仍有“ a number of + 名词复数” ；但是 ,“ the number of + 名词” 的中心词却是number；试比较：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest. The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 主谓一样专项练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arentD. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day. Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping 9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate. Some eggs and cakes on it. There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, I m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bags. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to go on holiday in winter, _. A. neither he will B. neither won't he C. neither will he D. he won't neither 22. I haven't finished my homework yet. _. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either 23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.”“ _.”A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go 24. You as well as he _ to blame 批评 for the accident 交通事故 . A. are B. is C. have D. has 25. Neither my wife nor I myself _able to teach my daughter to sing English songs. A. has been B. is C. are D. am 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页