2022年高一英语必修一定语从句汇总.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1、功能：相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语 一： 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词 二： 关系代词：用来连接定语从句,并在从句中代表先行词的代词；先行词是物：which that who whom that 先行词是人：在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语（1）先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么；（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分；把以下每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 e.g. 1. They had a radio. It could send out messages. They had a radio which/ that could send out message. 主语 2. The girl is my best friend. She spoke just now. _ 3. He always buys some books. He never read them. _ 留意点：1.） 定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g. 4. The man who lives next door sells vegetables. ×The man sells vegetables who lives next door. 5. The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ×2）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g. 6. The young man whom you saw was our manager. 7. There is something that we must keep in mind. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. The man who told me the news refused to give me the name. 2. The airline has a booklet which will tell you most of the important things about a trip to Europe. 3. He found a dollar bill that he had forgotten in a suit . 4. He is the man whom we all respect. 5. There is somebody who wants to see you. 6. The house I would like to buy is not for sale. 7. The bicycle my uncle gave me was very expensive. whose 的用法：关系代词与其后的名词构成全部格,即 词；“的” 时,它既可以修饰指人的先行词,也可以修饰指物的先行e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize. The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. 2. The book is not mine. The cover of it is red. The book whose cover is red is not mine The book the cover of which is red is not mine 名师归纳总结 3. Do you know anyone. His family is in Xian.第 1 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - _ 4. I live in the room. The windows of it face south. _ 5. The chair has been repaired. The leg of it was broken. _ 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系亲密,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合规律；e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句,意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不亲密,去掉定从句,意思仍旧完整；形式上用逗号 隔开, 不能 that 用引导 ；e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. （who 引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that 与 which 的区分 1）用 that 而不用 which 的情形先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,little,few,much something someone ；先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰；先行词有 the only, the very, any,the same , the last 等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时；5.防止重复 Who is the person that is standing there. e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻挡他不干那件事；The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山；_ _ 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部；史密斯先生是他熟悉的唯独的外国人；2）用 which 而不用that 的情形：引导非限制性定语从句；指代前面整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代词；e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. This is the room in which my father lived last year. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分名师归纳总结 1.What is the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day. 第 2 页,共 16 页2.I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease. 3.It was a meeting whose importance I didnt realize at the time.4.The Great Wall was the first place that went to visit while they were in China. 5.Miss Smith, who you met at our house, is going to marry Mr. Harry. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6. He failed in the exam, which made his classmates surprised. 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,介词常可以提前, 但介词提前时, 关系代词只能用which 或 whom e.g. 1. The man is a famous runner. You talked to him just now. The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner. 2. The chair is made of wood. He is sitting on it now. The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood. 3. He is a library assistant. I borrowed some books from him. _ 4. It is a famous school. He graduated from it 3 years ago. _ 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配,Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands.shake hands with 是习惯性搭配 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配）,He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.through which 即 through the telescope 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不行以拆开,look after take care of look for e.g. 5. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him. He is the student who the teachers are looking for. 6. The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30. 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. This is the house about which we wrote to you. 2. Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 3. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees. 4. This is Peter in whose house I have lived for five years. 关系副词：when where why 当先行词是表示时间的名词,用when,在定语从句中充当时间状语,这时一般可以用介词which来代替 : e.g. 1. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day. I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university. 2. He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning. _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 当先行词是表示地点的名词,用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语,这时一般可以用介词which来代替 : e.g. 3. This is the house. / He used to live in the house. This is the house where/ in which he used to live. 4. I know of a place in which/where we can swim _ 先行词是表示缘由的名词,即 reason,用 why,在定语从句中充当缘由状语,这时一般可以用for which 来代替 : e.g. 5. I don t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.I don t know the reason why/ for which he did it. 6. The reason for which/why he was fired was not clear. I will never forget the day _which/that/ 不填 _ we spent together in the countryside I will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in the countryside This is the reason _that/which/ 不填 _ they told me This is the reason _for which/why_ he turned the job f 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I know a forest where you can find wild strawberries. 2. Is there any reason why you should have a holiday. 3. I will show you the way to the Friendship Hotel where foreign visitors are staying. 4. Be sure to call on us next time when you come to town. 5. We shall never forget the days when we were united as one to fight against the Japanese. 第五讲留意点：要留意判定关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分；e.g. 1. This is the house He visited it yesterday. This is the house. He once lived in it. This is the house which/that / / he visited yesterday. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - This is the house where/in which he once lived. 2. We will remember the day. We spent the day together. _ We will remember the day. We worked on this day together. _ 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. I will show you to the factory which produces this kind of TV sets. 2. I will show you to the factory where he has worked for five years. 3. I will show you to the factory whose workers are all disabled people. 4. I will show you to the factory which your factory once visited five years ago. 第六讲定语从句时特殊留意的几个问题 as引导定语从句时的用法 1. as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于 the same as, such 结构中；我们车间使用的这种机器是 e.g. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 中国制造的；_ 我要一件跟我伴侣一样的衬衫；2. as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子；常用下 列句型 : as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等；e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名；关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数仍是用复数应由先行词打算；e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks. （one 为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match. （students 为先行词）定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开；e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.s Republic of China was found引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which ”来代替；e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which = when the People几个特殊的定语从句句型：1. Is this place the one that we visited yesterday. Is this the placethat / whichwe visited yesterday . 2. situation 后常用 where,in which 引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word. 3. way 方式,方法 后常用 in which 或 that 或省略来引导定语从句,也可省略：Do you know the wayin which/that/how he worked out the problem. 4. He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening. It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1. He is a teacher, as is clear form his manner. 2. As is known to all, water resources are very limited on the earth. 3. He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. 4. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented 5. I don t like the way he speaks.6. He is one of the students who know the Japanese. 7. He is the only one of the students who knows the Japanese. 1. I will never forget the day _which/that/ 不填 _ we spent together in the countryside I will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in the countryside 2.This is the reason _that/which/ 不填 _ they told me This is the reason _for which/why_ he turned down the job 非限制定语从句1.逗号隔开也可以指代一句话2.翻译成并列句,去掉之后句子完整3.不能用 that 4.which 可以指代某一个先行词He lost his book, which made his mother very angery as在非限定性从句中的使用 1. 表示正如；一样 2. 替代 which 放句首 He must be from Africa, _which_ can be seen from his skin As can be seen from his skin, he must be from Africa As is known to all, he is a hero He is a hero, which is known to all It is known to all that he is a hero He has 2 sons , one of whom is a doctor He has 2 sons and one of them is a doctor He has 2 sons, neither of whom is a doctor He has 2 sons, _both_ of whom are doctors He has 3 sons, none of whom is a doctor He has 3 sons, all of whom are doctors He is one of the scientists who _are_known by the world He is the only one of the scientists who _is _known by the world He is such a good student that everyone likes him very much 如此以至于 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He is such a person as you told me He invited me to the party, and it is kind of him He inviten me to the party , which is kind of him He failed in the exam, _as_ we had expected Can you see the closet _ on the top of which_ I put the flower vase. Can you see the closet _on whose top_ I put the flower vase. All that you need is his help What you need is his help all that= what Is this the museum _ you visited yesterday. This is the museum that /which/ 不填 you visited yesterday. Is this museum _ you visited yesterday. This museum is the one that/which/ 不填 you visited yesterday. This is the place_in which/where_ you have worked for ten years This is the place _to which _ you pay a visit last year I will never forget the day _which/that/不填 _ we spent together in the countryside I will never forget the days_during which/when_ we stayed together in the countryside （2） 高一英语定语从句1、需要留意的问题 保持谓语和先行词的一样 e.g. He is one of the greatest writers who are living now. e.g. He is the only one of the boys who has joined the army. whose 引导定语从句时,人、物皆可；不能只看先行词,仍要留意引导词在句子中充当什么成分；防止关系词的重复,被关系代词说替代的部分不行在从句中重复显现；e.g. This is the book we have read it together. reason, way 后关系词的用法 e.g. This is the reason for which/ why/ that he was absent yesterday. e.g. I dont like the way in which/ that he does everything.在比较级中, than 充当关系代词,在从句中作主语；e.g. The results of his study have turned out to be more satisfactory than was expected. 2、使用 that 的几种情形 先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 先行词前有不定代词修饰,如the same, the only one, all, both, everything, nothing 当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时,从句用that ,防止重复先行词既指人,又指物e.g. We know nothing about the doctors and the hospital that you are talking about. 关系代词充当表语e.g. He is not the man that he used to be. = He is not what he used to be. 3、where 引导的定语从句和地点状语从句where 引导的定语从句必需有先行词；如：place, school, city, house, room等where 不是修饰性名词,而是修饰其前整个句子,在句子中作地点状语；e.g. Make a mark where you have any questions. 4、when, where, why 引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区分相同点：在两种从句中都可以充当状语成分不同点： 1 作关系副词引导定语从句时有跟它们含义相应的先行词 2 作关系副词引导定语从句时,可以改为“prep. + which” 来引导 3 作连接副词引导同位语从句时没有与它们含义相应的先行词e.g. Ill never forget the day when = on which we met for the first time.e.g. I have no idea when we met for the first time 在复合句中,修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必需放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词；关联词常见的关联词有关系代词that , which , who,whom,whose 和关系副词where,when, why等；种类1由 that引导的定语从句who,whom和 which ,在从句中作主语或谓语动词一般情形下that可指人或物,可以代替的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语；如：The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人；Is this the doctor that（ whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？The letter that（which ）I received yesterday was from my father昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的；2由 who,whom和 whose 引导的定语从句who 在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语,whose 在从句中作定语；如：This is the thief who stole my bike He is the boy whom you wanted to find这就是偷我自行车的那个贼；他就是你想要找的那个男孩；The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你；3由 which 引导的定语从句which 指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语；如：The book which Mum bought me last week is called“ Red Star Over China” 妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫西行漫记；The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum 所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆；鲁迅曾经住过的那名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4由 where,when和 why 引导的定语从句where 在从句中作地点状语,when 在从句中作时间状语,why 在从句中作缘由状语；如：I will never forget the day when I joined the League He will go back to the