2022年高中英语动词时态.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载动现 在一 般进 行完 成完 成 进 行词一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时时过 去do/does is doing have done have been doing 态一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将 来did was doing had done had been doing 一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时will do will be doing will have done will have been doing 过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进would do would be doing would have done 行时would have been doing 上述 16 种时态中,其中有 8 种时态是最重要的,也是用得最多的,它们是一般现 在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时,其余的时态相对用得较少；一、一般现在时一般现在时除主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s 或 es 外,一律用动词原形； 其疑问句和否定句要借助助动词 do 或 does来实现（ be和 have除外）；1、一般现在时表现在 表示现在常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语 every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用；eg: I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He often goes to the cinema. 他常常去看电影； 表示现在 或常常性 的情形或状态 eg: Mother is ill. 母亲病了；We need a lot of money. 我们需要一大笔钱； 表示现在的才能、特点、职业等eg: He sings well. 他唱唱歌得好；Mr. Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法语； 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在；eg: Summer follows spring. 春去夏来；Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败；The earth turns around the sun. 地球围着太阳转；【特殊提示】此种用法即使显现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时；I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在学校就学过地球是环绕太阳转的； 表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了！There goes the bell. 铃响了；How hard it snows. 雪下得真大！2、一般现在时表将来 当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句必需用一 般现在时表将来；eg: I ll write to her when I have time.我有空会给她写信；Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯；If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 假如我们赶忙走我们可能赶得上公共汽车；Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告知我； 在 the more the more 越 越 句型中,前者通常用一般现在时代替一般 将来时,由于前者相当于条件状语从句；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载eg: The harder you study, the better results you will get. 你学习越努力,成果就会越好； 在 make sure弄清晰 ,make certain弄清晰 ,take care留意,当心 ,be careful注 意,当心 ,mind留意 ,watch留意后宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时；eg: Make certain what time the train goes.务必弄清火车发车时间；Take care that it does not occur again. 留意别再发生这样的事；Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater. 留意别让宝宝接近加热器；【特殊提示】在 it doesn t matter, I dont care, I don 等结构 以及类似结构 后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在表示将来意义；It doesnt matter where we go on holiday. 我们去哪儿度假都行；Does it matter who goes first. 谁先去这有关系吗？I don t care whether we win or lose. 我不在乎我们是赢仍是输； 表示按方案或时间表将要发生的动作,通常有表示将来的时间状语；eg: The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞,一点二非常抵达上海；【特殊提示】只限于少数动词能这样用,如 arrive, return, close, open 等；3、 一般现在时表过去 begin, start, end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, 1 故事性读物中戏剧性的描画（用一般现在时可给人以历历在目的印象）；eg: They threatened to shoot, but the marchers could not be stopped. The unarmed workers press on and on. 他们威逼着要开枪,却没法拦住游行者,手无寸铁的工人们不断向前逼进；The crowd swarms around the gateway, excitement grows as the pop star appears. 人群集合在大门口,当那位通俗歌星显现时,众人心情高涨；2 用在报纸标题或小说章节的标题中 eg: Earthquake kills over 100,000 people地震使 10 万人丧生 PEACE TALKS FAIL 和谈失败 Go to Bristol 第七章 去布里斯托尔途中名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【特殊提示】情节已经发生而用一般现在时,可使标题生动；二、一般过去时一般过去时用动词的过去式构成,即一般是在动词原形后加 ed；1 一般过去时表示过去 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last week/year/ month/ spring, in 1989,a few days ago, just now, a moment ago, the other day 等时间状语连用；eg: He bought the computer five years ago. 这电脑是他五年前买的；It was then a small fishing village.那时它只是一个小渔村； 表示过去常常性或习惯性的动作或过去某一时间内常常发生或反复发生的动作或行为eg: We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩；When my brother was a teenager, he played table tennis almost everyday. When I was young, I took cold baths regularly. 表达过去连续发生的一件件事；eg: He got up early in the morning, fetched water, swept the yard and then went out to work. 在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作；eg: They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. 【特殊提示】表过去习惯性的动词,也可用 used to或 would；He used to go to work by bus. 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班；2 一般过去时表示现在 在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在；名师归纳总结 eg: I didnt know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿； were 实际上指现在 第 4 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I didn学习必备欢迎下载t know you were so busy我没想到你这么忙； were 实际上指现在 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在eg: It s time we started. 我们该动身了；I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了；I d rather you lived closer to us. 我期望你能住得离我们近点；If I had the money now Id buy a car. 假如我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车；【特殊提示】有些动词如：expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等的一般过去时, 后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、准备或期望；I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. /I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本期望他来邀请我参与他的婚礼；I intended to have joined their games./I had intended to join their games. 我本准备参与他们的竞赛；三、 一般将来时1 一般将来时的基本用法一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况；有以下一些形式：1.“ will / shall +动词原形 ”（侧重将来行为,不突出方案支配去做某事,常与时间副词tomorrow,soon 或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime,in 2022等连用）表示将会显现的动作或状态；My daughter will be twelve years old tommorrow. 表示常常发生的动作；We shall work in this factory every day. “ will+ 动词原形” 表示事物固有的属性或必定趋势、倾向；Fish will die without water. 表示说话过程中所做的打算；The phone is ringing Ill answer it.2 表示将来时间的常见方法名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载英语中除了 “ will /shall+动词原形 ”表示将来时态外,仍可以有以下多种方法： be going to+动词原形主要表示已经方案或支配好了的事情,也可表示有迹象说明将要发生的事情；eg: We are not going to stay there long. 我们不预备在那里多待；I m afraid theyre going to lose the game. 唯恐他们会赛输；Look, its going to rain. 瞧,要下雨了；【特殊提示】be going to 后接动词 go 和 come 时,通常直接改用其进行时态；Where is he going to go. / Where is he going. 他准备到哪里去？ be to+动词原形1主要表示一种按方案或支配将发生的活动或常规性的活动或注定要做的事情；Who is to clean the classroom today. 今日该谁打扫教室了？Tell him hes not to be back late. 告知他不准迟回；2表示“ 应当” ,相当于 should ,ought to eg: You are to report to the police. What is to be done.应当怎么办呢？3 表示“ 必需” , 相当于 must ,have to eg: The letter is to be handed to him in person. You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 4表示“ 想,准备” ,相当于 intend,want ,eg: If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. 5用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求对方看法；eg: Am I to go on with the work. What are we to do next. 6用于否定句,表示“ 禁止”, 相当于“mustn t”eg: The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 7表示“ 可能,可以” , 相当于 may, can 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载eg: The news is to be found in the evening paper. Such people are to be found everywhere. 8 were to do sth用于 if 或 even if /even though 从句中,表示对将来的假设；eg: If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me. Even if the sun were to rise in the west, I would never do such a thing. 9 be to blame（该受批评,对某坏事应负责任）与 用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义；be to let （待出租）两种结构中,eg: Which driver is to blame for the accident. 这事故是哪个司机的责任？This house is to let. 这房子要出租；【特殊提示】这与不定式作表语不同： My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今日就去那里； be about to+动词原形主要表示就要做或正好要做的事情,意为“ 刚要、即将”合,因此,句子不能再用时间状语；eg: He is about to leave. 他即将要离开；往往暗含一种时间上的巧Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好,电影立刻就要开发始了；【特殊提示】be on the point of加动词的 -ing 形式,表示“ 就要” 做某事,也不能与表示将来的时 间状语连用；Look. They re on the point of starting. 看！他们就要开头了！ be due to+动词原形 主要表示按方案或时间表将要发生某事；eg: He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开；His book is due to be published in October. 他的书方案 10 月份出版； 现在进行时表将来 即 be现在分词 主要表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态；这个句型中动词主要是瞬时动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载eg: The students are leaving on Sunday. 同学们星期日动身；The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了；Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点,商店就要关门了； 一般现在时表将来表示一种严格依据方案进行的动作；比方说,上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等；eg: The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚 7:25 分开；Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙,回忆八点过一刻开头；The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回；四. 过去将来时1 过去将来时的基本用法 过去将来时由 “ would/should+动词原形 ”构成,主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生 的事情 ,通常用于其主语的谓语为过去时态的宾语从句中；eg: He told us he would help us. 他告知我们他会帮忙我们；I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时它会帮忙我们；2 过去将来时的常见表示方法 除“ would/should+动词原形 ”外,过去将来时仍有以下常见表达方式 （参考一般将来时） ； 用 was/were going to表示过去某时预备做某事；eg: He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告知我说他要参与那次会议；I was going to leave when he came in. 他进来时我刚要离开；【特殊提示】was going to在肯定的上下文中有时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或准备；She was going to attend the concert last night, but she was too busy. 她昨晚本想去听音乐会的,但她太忙了； 用 was/were about+不定式 表示在过去看来刚要做某事；名师归纳总结 eg: I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我刚要睡觉,他来看我了；第 8 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 用于 was/were due to表示定于过去某时将要做某事；eg: They were due to leave at ten o 他们定于十点动身； 用“waswere+不定式 ”表示定于过去某时将要做某事；eg: He was to meet her at 10 on the street. 他商定和她 10 点钟在街上见面；【特殊提示】如表示过去没有实现 或被取消 的方案,就用 was were to+have done；We were to have left at 6 last night. 我们原来方案昨晚 6 点离开的；五. 现在进行时： 由 am/is/are 加现在分词构成；1 现在进行时的基本用法 表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态；表示现阶段始终在进行的动作,但说 话时不肯定正在进行；eg: Were having a meeting.我们在开会； 说话时正在进行的动作 He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书； 目前阶段在进行的动作 2 现在进行时表将来 主要表示按方案或支配将要发生的动作 （只限于 go, come, stay, leave, start, begin, arrive, return, fly, drive 等动词）这常常有一个表示将来时间的状语；eg: I m leaving tomorrow.我明天走；Theyre getting married next month.他们下个月结婚；【特殊提示】用现在进行时表示将来,其方案性较强,并往往示意一种意图；而一般现在时表示 将来,就其客观性较强,即通常被视为客观事实,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情形；I m not going out this evening. 今晚我不预备出去；What time does the train leave. 火车什么时候开 . 3 现在进行时表示感颜色 现在进行时有时可表示中意、赞扬、惊奇、厌恶等感情颜色,通常与 always, forever, constantly, continually 等副词连用；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载比较： Shes always helping people. 她老是帮忙别人； 表颂扬 She always helps others. 他总是帮忙别人； 陈述一个事实 The boy is constantly lying. 这孩子老是撒谎； 表示厌恶 The boy often lies. 这孩子常撒谎； 指出缺点 4 动词 be 的现在进行时主要用于表示一时的表现或临时存在的状态；比较： He is foolish. 他很傻； 生性如此 He is being foolish. 他显得很傻； 指一时的表现,并非总是如此 He is friendly. 他很友好； 长期如此 He is being friendly. 他显得很友好； 指临时的表现,而且不肯定真诚 【特殊提示】“ be+形容词 ”用于现在进行时时,其中的形容词通常只能是 angry, careful, careless, clever, foolish, stupid, kind, friendly, brave, rude, polite 等动态形容词,而 big, tall, beautiful 等静态形容词不能这样用的；5.大 多 数 动 词 可 用 于 进 行 时 , 但 也 有 些 动 词 不 用 于 进 行 时 ； 常 见 的 有 ：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,know,doubt,suppose ,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope,belong to等；六. 过去进行时 :由 was/were 加现在分词构成；1 过去进行的基本用法1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作 eg: He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. （此过去时间须用时间状语表示） ；2. 表示过去某一阶段始终在进行的动作,但说话时不肯定在进行；eg: They were digging a railway tunnel last week. He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功课时他在玩；2 过去进行时表示现在用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气；eg: I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很期望你能跟我们住在一起；How much did you want to spend, sir. 先生,您准备花多少钱？3 过去进行时表示感情颜色 与现在进行时相像,过去进行时也可表示中意、赞扬、惊奇、厌恶等感情颜色,通常 与 always, forever, continually 等副词连用；eg: They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架；The boy was continually asking questions. 这个男孩子老是问东问西的；4 动词 be 的过去进行时 动词 be 的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或临时的状态；比较：eg: He was friendly. 他很友好； 指过去长期如此 He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好； 指当时一时的表现 5 表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景假如主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去,动作时间短的用一般过去时,表达新的信息；动作时间长的用过去进行时, 表达谈话背景；eg: I was reading the newspaper when the doorbell rang. 我正在看报,突然门铃响了；Jim burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. 吉姆做饭时把手烫了；6 过去进行时与一般过去时的区分 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或连续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成；eg: He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文； 不肯定写完 He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文； 已经写完 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词如 be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时；eg: I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我厌恶人们说话时口里含着食物； 一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示 “过去常常性、习惯性 的动作 ”；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用,表示动作的重复,常带有感情的颜色；eg: He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床；He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载七. 现在完成时 :由“ have / has + 过去分词 ”构成；1 现在完成时的基本用法 现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感爱好的就是这个影响或结果；eg: He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市； 结果：他不在这个城市 Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了； 结果：窗户仍破着 Have you seen my bag. 你看到我的手提包了吗 .结果：你知道它在哪里吗 . 现在完成时表示一个在过去开头的动作并未在过去完成,而是始终连续到现在, 并 且有可能连续下去 也可能到此终止 ;或表示说话时已完成的动作,常与 so far, in the past/ last few years, recently, lately, twice, for two years, how long, since ago 用；eg: I have lived for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了；We have studied here since 2003. 我们自 20XX 年来就在这儿读书了；The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气始终很热； 现在完成时表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范畴内不断重复发生的动作或情 况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能连续下去,也有可能到现在就终止；eg: How often have you seen her. 你隔多少见她一次 . My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班； 现在完成时表示将来同一般现在时可以表示将来一样,现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来；eg: I ll wait until he has written his letter.我愿等到他把信写完；When you have rested, Ill show you the garden. 等你休息好之后,我领你看我们的花园；【特殊提示】1. 非连续性动词 go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join 的完成时的确定式不能与时间段 连用,如要接用时间段状语,就应换成相应的连续动词或状态动词；He has left. 他走了；He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了；Can I borrow that book. 我可以借那本书吗 . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载How long can I keep the book. 这本书我可借多久？2. 非连续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用；He has not borrowed the book since then. 从今以后,他再也没有借这本书了；2 与现在完成时连用的常用词语和结构能与现在完成时连用词语许多,如副词 since自从 不管用作介词、连词仍是副词,句子just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等；主句 谓语通常都与现在完成时连用；eg: I haven t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我始终未见过她；Where have you been since I last saw. 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了 . 【特殊提示】有时可用其他时态的情形；1. 对于某些表示状态 如 seem 等的动词,或因语义等方面的缘由,有时可能用一般现在时比较现在完成时更合适；It seems like years since we last met. 我们好像几年未见面了；2. 如不是指从过去连续到现在,而是指从较远的过去连续到在一个较近的过去,就用过去完成时；Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告知我自星期二以来他始终未吃任何东西；指从星期二至昨天未吃东西 3. 表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时；It s ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已 10 年了； so far到目前为止 eg: So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止仍没有什么坏消息；We havent had any