2022年高中英语定语从句知识点整理.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 定语从句（一）定义及相关术语 1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词之后；2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；关系词有关系代词和关系副词；关系代词有 副词有 when, where, why 等；that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系关系词通常有以下三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分；例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the man,在定语从句中作主语；（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,当宾语可以省略； The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的； Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必需在明晨 7 点到大门口集合； Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮忙了一位迷路的老人； That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师；2whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,可省略； Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人； Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩； The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了； The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师常常夸奖的那个女孩是我们的班长；留意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略；The man whom / who you met just now is my old friend. 3Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可省略； Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜爱的运动； The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造运算机的那家公司离这儿很远； He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜爱外国作家写的书； The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很美丽； This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔； The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有；4That 指人时,相当于who 或 whom；指物时,相当于which. ；在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略； The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万； Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning. 我今日早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好； The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季； Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信；5Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语； I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜望了一个全国知名的科学家； He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的伴侣； I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里；留意：指物时,常用以下结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow. Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow. 6.关系代词 that 与 which 的用法区分（1）which 可引导非限制性定语从句中,that 不能He didn t come back home on time, which made his father very angry.他没有按时回家,这使他的父亲很愤怒；（2）which 之前可以有介词,that 之前就不能有介词This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子；（3）that 和 which 都指物时,以下 4 种情形,用 that 而不用 which 先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词This is all that I want to say. 这就是我想要说的；There is nothing that can terrify him. 没有什么能吓住他；There was little that I could do for you. 我不能为你做什么；先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very 等词修饰This is the first composition that he has written in English. 这是他用英语写的第一篇文章；This is the best novel that I have ever read. 当人和物合做先行词时这是我读过的最好的小说；He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈了他拜望过的老师和参观过的学校；在疑问词 who, which, that 开头的句子中Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate. 那个在门那边跟你讲话的男人是谁？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Which is the star that is nearest to the earth ？（三）关系副词引导的定语从句那一颗星星离地球最近；1.关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或缘由；关系副词 when 在从句中充当时间状语,where 充当地点状语,why 充当缘由状语； I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他迟到的缘由； This is the place where we lived for five years. 这就是我们住了五年的地方； I will forget the days when I met Mr. Liu. 我不会遗忘遇见刘先生的那一天；留意：定语从句先行词用关系代词仍是关系副词：引导词在句中做主语、宾语、表语就用 that, which, 否就就用 where； This is the house where he lived last year. These are the houses that/which were built 10 years ago. I ll never forget the days that/which we spent together.Do you still remember the days when we first met. Can you explain to us the reason why you came late. I don t believe the reason which that he explained to us.2.where/when/why= 介词 +关系代词（ which/whom ） ,留意不行加 that This is the house where he lived last year. in which The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. 你昨天告知我的那个绅士证明是个小偷；（四）限制性和非限制性定语从句1. 限制定语从句紧跟先行词,引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词 关系副词或 that 来引导 ,去掉它意思不明确； 非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,不行用that 引导,去掉引导词不会影响主句的意思；This is the house which we bought last night. The house, which we bought last night, is very nice. 2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句 He seemed not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upset me. 他好像没有领悟我的意 思,这使我特别心烦；（五） as 引导的定语从句1.as 多与 such 或 the same 连用,显现在the same as, such as, so as, as 等结构中 asThis is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out. that nobody can work it out. This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔同我丢失的一样；Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. 这块石头大得没人能搬得起；2. the same that 与 the same as 在意思上是不同的I have bought the same watch as you. 我买了一块和你一样的手表；（不是同一块）This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那块手表； （同一块）名师归纳总结 3.as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which ；as 引导的非限制性定语第 3 页,共 5 页从句位置较敏捷,可以位于主句前面中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which 所引- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后；The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.As we know, smoking is harmful to the ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 留意： way 后面接定语从句的情形； The way that Which he explained to us was quite simple. / The way that in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. / 关系代词引导的定语从句练习： 1、 -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？C. who ；is -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which ；is B. whom ；was D. who ； was 3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous. A who B whose C that D whom 4、 A child _parents are dead is called an orphan. A which B his C whose D with 5、This is the reason _ he told me. A、that B、 why C、on which D、 for that 6、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 7、This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 8、Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. 名师归纳总结 A. where B. which C. who D. what 第 4 页,共 5 页9. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D. what 10. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday. A. that B. when C. where 11. The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. A. when B. which C. who - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 12. I like writers _ write short stories. A. which B. what C. whom D. who 13. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when 14. What are you looking for. I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose 15. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom 16. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard. A. which B. / C. whom D. who 17. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 18. Even teachers can understand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom C. which 19. The book _ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cover of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of 20. He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that D. about which 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页