2022年高考英语十六种时态精讲及练习题附答案.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语十六种时态及练习题时态一般时进行时完成时完成进行时been 现在1study5be studying9have studied13have studying过去2studied 6be studying 10had studied 14had been studying 将来3will 7will be 11will have 15will have been 过去将来study studying be studied have studying have been 4would 8would 12would 16would study studying studied studying 1 一般现在时的用法1 常常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用；时间状语：every , sometimes,at , on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实；The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3 现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性；Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 2 一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；时间状语有： yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning afternoon, evening last night week, month, year , a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,等；Where did you go just now. 2 表示过去习惯性动作；特殊是由would/ used to do 表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时；例： The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody. （老人过去常常坐在安静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈；）He used to visit his mother once a week. （他以前总是每周探望一次他的母亲；）3 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种动听、 客气、礼貌、商议的语气； 情态动词 could, would. 例： I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car.（我想向您借车用一用,可以吗？）Would you mind my sitting here. （您介意我坐在这里吗？）现在完成时与一般过去时的区分 现在完成时表示的是与现在有关联的过去大事；而一般过去时就与现在毫无关系,只是单 纯的过去的情形；比较：I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one. 我丢了钢笔,所以得去买一 枝；I lost my pen, but found it later. 我丢了钢笔,但后来找到了；当句子中有表示明确过去的状语时,只能用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时；如：他一周以前动身去了纽约；误： He has left for New York a week ago. 正： He left for New York a week ago. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载另外,当句首为疑问词 when 时,其后可用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时；如：你什么时候和他首次见面的 . 误： When have you first met him. 正3 一般将来时： When did you first meet him. 一、意义： 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来常常或重复发生的动作；时间标志： tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化：一般将来常常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示准备、预备做的事或即将发生或确定要发生的事；shall/will+ 动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情形,没有太多的方案性 , 仍用来表示意愿 Hes going to New York next week. 下周他要去纽约 . It will rain tonight. 一般现在时表将来1）以下动词： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来；这主要用来表 示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情；The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star. It stars in ten minutes. 2）倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中；When Bill comes 不是 will come, ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后；I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 4.过去将来时 would do 概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中；时间状语： the next daymorning, year ,the following monthweek ,etc. （一）“ would+ 动词原形” ；常表示按方案或支配即将发生的事；例如 He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我；He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告知我他将去北京；（二）“ was/ were+going to+ 动词原形” ；常可用来表示按方案或支配即将发生的事；例如：She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立刻动身；I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告知我他预备回家；此结构仍可表示依据当时情形判定有可能但不肯定会发生某事；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来似乎要下雨；（三） come, go, leave, arrive , start 等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时；例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车将于其次天早晨六点离开；She told me she was coming to see me. 她告知我她要来看我；1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet. - Well, he said he _here on time. A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _. A was going to cry B cried C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come 4Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend 5 现在进行时 be doing 1）表示现在 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情；We are waiting for you. 2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行；Mr. Green is writing another novel.说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态； 3）表示方案或支配好了的将来动作,常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来一般现在时与现在进行时的区分（一）一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和常常性,可带频率时间, 无时限性； 现在进行时表示动作的临时性；The shop closes at 7:30 p.m. Father doesnt smoke. 习惯 I watch TV every day. 常常性 He studies hard. 他常常 努力学习；I am watching TV now. 临时性 He is studying hard. 他此刻或现阶段 正在努力学习；二连续动词的一般时表连续情形,表示长期性动作,常常性,习惯性行为或客观存在的 事实、事物的本质特性, 没有时限性； 进行时表临时性或有限时刻的连续,表示短暂性动作,The table _ soft ；feels 表特性特点；表客观事实Japan _ in the east of China；lives He lives in Beijing. 生活在北京 He is living in Beijing.目前住在北京临时性 Lucy lives in Beijing. 长期性居住 Lucy is living in Beijing. 短时间居住 短暂动词的一般时表达事实,特点,才能,而进行时描述反复发生,即将发生或刚开头行为；He jumps high. 特点 He is jumping very high. 反复 名师归纳总结 考题I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary arrives. D. Will just help out 第 3 页,共 25 页A. just help out B. Have just helped out C.am just helping out - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 分析依题意“ 我不能在此工作”学习必备欢迎下载,说明 help out 这一行为只是眼前临时发生的事,选；考题It seldom _ her but it _ heavily. C. Is snowing /I s snowing D. Is A. snows/snows B.snows /snowing snowing /snows 分析seldom 表频率表达常常性事有用一般现在时,but 转折描述眼前临时情况,用现在进行时,应选；三现在进行时带 always,continually ,forever, constantly, for ever 等频率副词,表示重复的动作,有着极大的感情颜色,表示不满或中意；实；,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事Youre always forgetting the most important things. 批评 He often helps others. 事实 He is always making noises in class. 厌恶 He is always helping others. 颂扬 He is perpetually interfering in my affairs. 她老是干预我的事；不满 The students are making progress constantly.同学们在不断进步；中意 四一些表示情感状态、知觉熟悉、愿望或短暂性的动词,不能用进行时,不能用现在进行时态,通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作而应用一般现在时；如：see明白 ,hear,know 知道 ,understand,want 需要；想要 ,like 喜爱 ,love,like ,hate, wish,hope,believe,hear,have有 ,think 想；认为 ,agree, notice,等等；I have a lot of friends here. 严格区分进行时与一般时的语义五come,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般时态表客观规定方案,进行时表主观准备估量；Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. 表客观规定方案 The plane is taking off an hour later. 主观判定 六一般现在时表示现在发生的动作,现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作；例如：Boats pass under the bridge. 船从桥下穿过；过；6 过去进行时 was/were doing The boat is passing under the bridge.船正从桥下穿1）概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段始终在 进行的动作2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动 作发生；3 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1 Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes 2 As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell 一、过去进行时结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词 否定句就在 was/were 后加一个 not,疑问句将 was/were 提前就可；如： He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday. Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday. Yes, he was./ No, he wasn t. What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday. 二、过去进行时用法：1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的状语连用；如：（just）then 那时,当时at this/that time 在这 /那时yesterday afternoon 昨天下午at nine 在九点last night 昨晚（ at） this time yesterday 在昨天这个时候但在不少情形下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示；What were you doing at nine last night. 昨晚九点的时候,你在做什么？I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看电视；They were playing football at this time yesterday.2.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作；常与 morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night 等时间状语连用；昨天这个时候他们在踢足球；those days, the whole （1）From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从 1983 到 1998 年,他正在耶鲁高校教书；（2）They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥；3 He was writing a book those days. 那几天他正在写一本书3、过去进行时和一般过去时的区分；（1）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,而一般过去时就表示一个完成的动作 ；也就是说用一般过去时,只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时,就强调动作的连续性； I wrote a letter this morning. 今日上午我写了一封信；（信写完了）I was writing a letter this morning. 今日上午我在写一封信；（信不肯定写完）2 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词 如 be, like , love, hate, fear, own,hear, see, know , want, notice 可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时；如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 下面几种情形不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：我厌恶人们说话时口里含着食物；1 when 作并列连词,表示“这时 突然” 之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when引导的并列分句用一般过去时；如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在漫步,突然遇见了他；We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩,这时下起雨来了；2 go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义；如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我刚要去武汉；She was coming later. 她随后就来；过去进行时巩固练习：1 Simon _ make a model plane at 8:00 a.m. 2 Peter _do his homework at seven last night. 3 They _ watch a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night. 4 He _try to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. 5 What book _ you _read afternoon. when I _ seeyou at four yesterday 6 While she _ watch TV , her son _ play outside the room. 7 It _ begin to rain when we _work in the field. 名师归纳总结 8 I _ do my homework last night when the light _ go out. go out 意为熄第 5 页,共 25 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载灭 9 I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing. -Oh, I _ read some books on science. 10.- Did you see Tim just now. - Yes. He _ fish by the river. 11.When the teacher _ come into the classroom, the students _ （laugh）loudly. 7 将来进行时（ shall/will be doing）将来某时（段）正进行,估量不久要发生；通常用在口语中,语气委婉顿生情；”【用法】 将来进行时由“ 助动词will / shall + be + 现在分词” 构成,详细用法如下：1 表 示 将 来 某 时 刻 或 某 段 时 间 正 在 进 行 的 动 作；常 与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening 等 表 示 将来的时间状语连用；如：I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课；Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months.下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作； 2 在口语中常用来表示按方案或支配即要发生的动作；如：This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York. 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约； At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programmes on TV. 今晚七时,我将正在收看电视上的新闻节目；3 表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的事情或将来的某种可能性,或“ 我估量” 的含义；如：说话人往往有 “ 我料想”We believe that peasants life will be getting better and better. 我们信任农夫的生活会越来越好；If we don t do so, we shall be making a serious mistake. 假如我们不那样做,我们就会犯严峻的错误； 4 表示亲切或委婉的语气；如：When shall we be meeting again. 我们什么时候再见面？【 注 意 】 在 时 间 、 条 件 等 状 语 从 句 中 , 用 现 在 进 行 时 代 替 将 来 进 行 时 ；如： Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过公路时要当心；If Tom is doing his homework when you come back, don 姆正在做作业,请不要打搅他；8 过去将来进行时（should/would be done）一. 基本结构：1.过去将来进行时由 shouldwould+be+ 现在分词2.否定： shouldwould+not 二. 基本用法：t disturb him, please. 你回来时假如汤 1.过去将来进行时表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,特殊多用于间接引语中；举例： They said they would be coming. 他们说了他们将要来； 用于间接引语中） He asked me what I should be doing at six the next day. 他问我次日六点将正在做什么； 用于间接引语中） The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses. 他 将 要 接 受 的 新 工 作 是 养 赛马； （用于定语从句中）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 25 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 2.过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作；举例： He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting. 他 说 他 不 能 来 因 为 要 开 会； 3.过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作；它常和表示过去将来的时间 状语连用,但上下文清晰时,时间状语亦可省略；和将来进行时一样,它也常表方案中的事,不表意愿或准备； 它仍有一个特点, 即常用在宾语从句 （特殊是间接引语） 中；举例： John told us that Mary would be coming next day. 约翰告知我们玛丽其次天来； I never realized that some day I would be living in China. 住；我从未想到将来有一天会在中国居 She said she would be setting off on the 10 o clock train. 她说她将乘10 点钟的火车走； 4.过去将来进行时有时也可用在其它从句中；举例： The new name he would be using was Jack Jones. 他将用的新名是杰克·琼斯；（用在定语从句中） He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France. 其余款项,他将在离开法国时付清；（用在状语从句中） 5.过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中； The car started. Ellen James would be driving off to the university. 车子发动了；埃伦· 詹姆斯要开车到高校去；9 现在完成时have/has done 已经发生或完成了不肯定终止 的动作或状态；过去表示到说话时为止或到现在为止某一时间开头并始终连续到现在并且有可能仍会连续的动作或状态；现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系；动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在仍存在；也可表示连续到现在的动作或状态；四种用法表示影响表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感爱好的就是这个影响或结果,如汉语说“ 他已离开这个城市了”,其中的“ 离开” 确定发生了,它对现在的影响或结果就是“ 他现在已不在这个城市了”；又如汉语说“ 有人把窗户打破了”,明显“ 打破窗户” 这一动作发生在过去,并且在过去已经完成了,但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响窗户现在仍是破的；如：He has been away from the city. 他已离开这个城市；结果：他不在这个城市； Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了；结果：窗户仍破着； I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了；依据句意可知,“ 丢钢笔” 这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成, 但这个过过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响我现在无钢笔用,或我得去买支新的；We have finished the work. 我们已把工作干完了；明显“ 完成工作” 这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个过过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响我们可以休息了,或可以回家了,或可以做别的事了；表示连续名师归纳总结 表示一个过去发生的动作或开头的状态在过去并未完成或终止,而是始终连续到现在,并且第 7 页,共 25 页有可能连续下去也可能到此终止,如汉语说“ 他在我们学校教书已有30 年了” ,明显“ 他- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在我们学校教书”学习必备欢迎下载30 年；又如汉语说 “ 自是从 30 年前开头, 并且始终教到现在, 已经连续了上个星期以来他始终很忙”现在；如：,明显“ 忙” 是从上个星期开头的,并且这一“ 忙” 就始终忙到Ive waited a week for your answer. 等你的答复我已等了一个星期；依据句意可知, “ 等” 这个动作发生在过去,但它在过去并没有完成,而是始终等到现在,已连续了一个星期；We have lived here quite a number of years. 我们在这里住了很多年了；依据句意可知, “ 住在这儿” 是从过去开头的,但它在过去并没有完成,而是始终等到现在,已连续了好几年；表示重复 即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范畴内不断重复发生的动作或情形,并且这个不 断重复的动作有可能连续下去,也有可能到现在就终止；如：How often have you seen her again. 你隔多长时间见她一次 . My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班；表示将来 同一般现在时可以表示将来一样,现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来；如：Ill wait until he has written his letter. 我愿等到他把信写完；When you have rested , I典型例题ll show you the garden. 等你休息好之后,我领你看我们的花园；1 -Do you know our town at all.-No, this is the first time I _ here. A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming 2 -Have you _ been to our town before. -No, it's the first time I _ here. A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分一般过去时表示动作对现在没有影响,用现在完成时就表示动词对现在影响；你对这样的说明确定不中意,由于你