2022年高考英语冲刺讲义十一定语从句.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 十一、定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词；被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一样；关系词先行从句成例句备注词分who 人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother. Mr. Smith is the person with whom 关whom 人宾语I am working whom, which 和 thatThe boy whom she loved died in the war. whose 人或定语I like those books whose topics 在从句中做宾语时,are about history. 常可以省略,但介词物The boy whose father works abroad 提前时后面关系代词that 人或主语,宾is my deskmate. 不能省略,也不行以系A plane is a machi ne that can fly. 用 that代She is the pop star that I want 词物语to see very much. The book which I gave you was which 物主语,宾worth $10. 语The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人或主语,宾He is such a person as is as 做宾语一般不省略respected by all of us. 物语This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 名师归纳总结 关when 时间时间状I will never forget the day when 可用 on which 第 1 页,共 4 页语we met there. 系where 地点地点状This is the house where I was 可用 in which 副语born. 词why 缘由缘由状I can t imagine the reason why 可用 for which II. that语he turned down my offer. 与 which, who, whom的用法区分- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 情况用法说明例句只用 that的1. 先 行 词 为all, everything, 1.He told me everything that he knows. anything, nothing, little, 2.All the books that you offered has much,等不定代词时2. 先 行 词 被all, any, every, been given out. each, much, little, no, some, 3.This is the best film that I have ever few 等修饰时3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数read. 情形词修饰时4.We talked about the persons and 4. 先行词既指人又指物时things that we remembered. 5. 先行词被the only, the very5.He is the only man that I want to see. 修饰时who或 which 时,为6.Who is the man that is making a 6. 句中已经有speech. 了防止重复时只用 which, 1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用1.He has a son, who has gone abroad forwhich 指代物,用who/whom指人2. 在由“ 介词 +关系代词” 引导的further study. 定语从句中,只能用which 指物,who, whom的whom指人；2. I like the person to whom the teacher 情形3. 先行词本身是that时,关系词is talking. 用 which, 先行词为 those, one, 3.Those who respect others are usually he 时多用 who；respected by others. III. as、which 和 that 的区分从句 区 别 例 句He is not such a fool as he looks. 限制性 名词前有 such 和 the same修饰Dont read such books as you cant 定语从句中 时,关系代词用 as, 不能用 which understand. as 和 which 都可以指代前面整They won the game, as we had expected. 个主句；假如有“ 正如,象” 的They won the game, which we h adnt 非限制性 含义, 并可以放在主句前,也可expected. 定语从句中 以放在后面, 那么用 as；而 whichAs is well known, he is a famous film 引导的从句只能放主句后,并无star in the 1980s. “ 正如” 的意思；the same. as That s the same tool as I used last 和 the same. as 指同类事物 week. （同类工具,不是同一把）the the same .that 指原物 That s the same tool that I used last same .that week. 那就是我上周用过的工具；留意： the way 做先行词时,定语从句可由 that, in which 引导或不用引导词；IV. 定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区分名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 类别区别例句Mr Li has three daughters , none of _ is 定语从句定语从句与并列句的主要区an engineer别在于：并列句有像and,but ,Mr Li has three daughters ,but none of _ 与so 等并列连词或两个句子用is a dancer并列句分号连接,这时就不能再用引从结构上看,小题是定语从句,故填whom；导定语从句的关系词了；小题有并列连词but ,是并列句,故填代词them；This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 定语从句的前面出名词作先 这 是几年前我们居住的地方；（定语从句,先行词行词,而状语从句没有先行 为 the place）词；Let s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧；（地点状语从句）Do you kno w the time when the class is over. 定语从句定语从句修饰、限制、说明名你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）词,只能放在先行词的后面,It was already five oclock when the class 而状语从句说明动作发生的was over. 情形,并且可以放在主句的前=When the class was over, it was already five 面；oclock. When, where 和 why 在引导定当下课时己经是5 点了；（时间状语从句）与This is the factory in which where his 状语从句father once worked. 语 从 句 时 可 以 用 “介 词 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂；（定语从which ” 的结构来替换,在引句）导状语从句时却不行；Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处；（状语从句）It is such an interesting book as we all like. 定语从句中的关系词在从句 它是我们大家都喜爱的如此好玩的书；中充当某种句子成分,因此去（as 用作动词 like 的宾语,它引导的是定语从句）掉它就从句成分不完整；而结 It is such an interesting book tha t we all like 果状语从句中的连接词在从 it. 句中不作任何成分,去掉后从 它是一本如此好玩的书,我们大家都喜爱它；句的成分仍旧完整；（that 不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句）定语从句在复合句中相当于The news that she had passed the exam made her 名师归纳总结 定语从句形容词,对先行词起修饰、描parents very happy. 第 3 页,共 4 页述或限制的作用,与先行词之她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很兴奋；（同位语从与间有从属关系；同位语的作用句）同位语从相当于名词,对前面的名词给此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had 句予补充说明或进一步说明,是passed the exam 前面名词的详细内容, 与先行可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed 词之间是同位关系；the exam. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The news that he told us int erested all of us. 名师归纳总结 定语从句强调句的结构为“It iswas他告知我们的消息使大家都感爱好；（定语从句）第 4 页,共 4 页The news that he told us 是定语从句,此句不能改写为： The news is that he told us. 被 强 调 部 分 that 从It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met 句” ；被强调部分可以是除谓Liang Wei at the airport语以外的任何成分,当被强调It is the factory _ Mr Wang works与部分是人时,仍可用who代替从结构上看：强调句that ；这一句型中,肯定不能小题是强调句,故填 that；由于被强调部分是表时间或小题就是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知the 地点的词就用when 或 wherefactory前差个介词in ,故填 where ；代替 that；- - - - - - -