2022年中国的水资源教案 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载义务教育课程标准试验教科书地理八年级上册第三章中国的自然资源第三节中国的水资源宋晓潍坊市峡山区王家庄街道赵戈中学20XX年 11 月 19 日学习好资料欢迎下载教学案课题中国的水资源序 号23 授课时间20XX年 11 月 20 日主备人宋晓课 型新知探索教 学 目标及 重 点难点教学目标：（一）、知识与技能1、掌握我国水资源的地区分布规律。2、了解我国水资源时间分配的特点及其形成原因。3、解决水资源不足和分布不均的主要途径。4、初步学会分析我国水能资源的分布同地形、气候的关系。（二）、过程与方法引导学生课前查找资料，结合生活实际，了解我国水资源的现状及当地水资源的现状特征，组织学生讨论，采用表格对比法等形式进行课堂教学。（三）、情感态度与价值观通过学习，培养学生惜水、节水的美德，增强保护水资源的责任感。教学重点：1、我国水资源的时空分布特点2、解决水资源分布不均的对策。教学难点：通过了解我国水资源不足的现状及对社会经济发展的影响，培养学生正确的资源观，增强保护水资源的责任感。板书设计第三节中国的水资源一、地区分布悬殊特点：东多西少，南多北少二、时间分配不均特点：夏秋多，冬春少，年际变化大。三、合理利用每一滴水：1、地区分布不合理的解决对策：跨流域调水2、时间分配不合理的解决对策：兴建水库3、节约用水，防止水污染教学策略运用投影仪、景观图片，引导学生观察地图，采用小组讨论的方式认识本课内容，在课堂中进行练习，布置课后作业巩固。教学反思文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 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HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1学习好资料欢迎下载教 与 学 过 程 设 计备 注一、激情导入，揭示课题：播放关于节水的视频，并请讨论中国缺水吗？此环节目的在于引导学生认识水资源的重要性，并唤起同学们关于水资源保护的意识。并引导进入本节课的学习中国的水资源。二、自主预习，认定目标教学目标：（一）、知识与技能1、掌握我国水资源的地区分布规律。2、了解我国水资源时间分配的特点及其形成原因。3、解决水资源不足和分布不均的主要途径。4、初步学会分析我国水能资源的分布同地形、气候的关系。（二）、过程与方法引导学生课前查找资料，结合生活实际，了解我国水资源的现状及当地水资源的现状特征，组织学生讨论，采用表格对比法等形式进行课堂教学。（三）、情感态度与价值观通过学习，培养学生惜水、节水的美德，增强保护水资源的责任感。教学重点：1、我国水资源的时空分布特点2、解决水资源分布不均的对策。教学难点：通过了解我国水资源不足的现状及对社会经济发展的影响，培养学生正确的资源观，增强保护水资源的责任感。三、自主互助，激趣导学首先出示水的重要性，并明确水资源的概念。强调并不是说有的水都称为水资源。然后出示关于中国水资源的数据，提问：看后你了解到了什么？（结论：我国的水资源总量不少，但人均占有量很低，约为世界人均量的1/4。）（多媒体展示）“中国年降水量分布”图。提问：谁能告诉我我国年降水量的分布规律吗？讨论：年降水量的大小与水资源的多少有关系吗？能否依据降水量分布来推测一下我国水资源的分布状况？请试一试。（多媒体展示）“中国水资源供需现状”图，验证学生的推断。（结论：我国水资源在地区分布上具有显著的不均衡性，具体表现为“东多西少，南多北少”的特点。）文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 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ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1学习好资料欢迎下载教 与 学 过 程 设 计备 注1、特点：“东多西少，南多北少”（活动一）：下面我们具体来了解一下我国各地形区中的水资源分布状况，请同学们根据教材第66 页“中国水资源的供需状况”及地图册第11 页“中国地形图”来完成第67 页的活动题。（出示“中国地形图”时先指明题目当中的地形区在图上的分布后让学生完成，学生以抢答形式分小组去讲台展示所做结果,）地域水资源供需现状分布带对应地区北方缺水带塔里木盆地、内蒙古高原西部少水带青藏高原北部、东北平原西部过渡带辽东半岛、华北平原南方多水带长江中下游平原、横断山区丰水带武夷山脉、海南岛活动二：学生阅读教材67 面材料“干渴”的都市，讨论并回答下列问题：1、现在北京的用水主要从哪里来？（河流水、地下水和降水）2、为什么北京被称为“干渴”的都市？（人均占有量少，与全国平均水平比较、与世界平均水平比较、与世界各首都比较都能表现出）3、北京的人口有什么样的变化？4、解决北京的“干渴”，你有何良策？二、时间分配不均（投影）：教材第 68 页长江武汉段及黄河花园口段流量变化图。（提问）：两条河流的河段中径流量各集中在哪些月份？（南方的长江是512 月，北方的黄河是69 月份，集中于夏秋季节）1、特点：夏秋多，冬春少，年际变化大。（投影）：湘江枯水期与丰水期的反差！三、合理利用水资源（过渡）：既然知道了我国水资源空间分布不均，那同学们有没什么建议呢？（水多的地方往水少的地方补充）1、地区分布悬殊解决对策：跨流域调水文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1学习好资料欢迎下载教 与 学 过 程 设 计备 注源空间分布不均的有效办法之一就是跨流域调水，即把丰水区的水跨流域调入缺水区。例如：引黄济青工程，将黄河水调进青岛市，以解决青岛供水不足的问题。还有比如“引黄入晋”，“引滦入津”等，这几项跨流域调水工程，只能在不同程度上缓解某些城市的缺水问题，还不能从根本上解决北方地区的缺水问题（如黄河的径流量本身就很少）。为了最大程度缓解这种局面，有必要建设更大的工程，这就是南水北调。（活动二）：我们班请了一名小小解说员，下面就请同学们阅读教材第69 页“南水北调”的材料，并请解说员给大家讲解下南水北调的线路，并思考以下问题。、南水北调工程有几条路线？（三条，西线、中线、东线）、哪条线距离最近，解决的是什么地方的缺水问题？（西线，西北地区）、中线方案起点的水库是哪一座？（汉江上游的丹东口水库）、沿京杭大运河的是哪条线？（东线）（小结）：南水北调工程在世界水利史上是罕见的。工程建成后，将把长江、淮河、海河、黄河流域联结起来，构成我国水资源“四横三纵、南北调配、东西互济”的新格局，从根本上扭转中国水资源分布严重不均的局面。2、时间分配不均匀解决对策：兴建水库（过渡提问）：解决水资源时间上分配不均的措施是什么呢？（修建水库）我国有成千上万的水库，洪水期蓄水，枯水期放水，调控水量，提高防洪、抗旱能力、并扩大灌溉面积。简介黄河小浪底水利工程及长江三峡水利工程（图：“中国主要水电站”）学生看图填写 70面的表格。（多媒体展示）水电站河流省区龙羊峡水电站黄河青海省刘家峡水电站黄河甘肃省小浪底水电站黄河河南省二滩水电站长江四川省葛洲坝水电站长江湖北省文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1学习好资料欢迎下载教 与 学 过 程 设 计备 注提问：黄河流域最大的水利枢纽工程是哪一个？长江流域最大的水利枢纽工程是哪一个？（黄河-小浪底，长江-三峡）流域调水和建水库能否从根本上解决我国水资源供需矛盾的现状？请试着从气候、经济、环保等角度不加以说明。（投影）：水污染、浪费水资源现象。（小结）：随着人口的增长，城市化的推进，我国水资源的供需问题仍十分突出，世界上有许多物质都可以逐渐找到替代品，比如部分国家的汽车用酒精代替汽油作为燃料，陶瓷可以代替钢铁，但迄今为止，还没有一种物质可以取代水。因此，节约用水，科学用水，保护水资源，防止水污染，是缓解缺水问题的有效途径。3、节约用水，防止水污染学生讨论：解决我国缺水问题的根本途径有哪些？（控制人口数量、节约用水、科学用水、保护水资源、防止水污染）讨论：“节约用水，从我做起，从身边的小事做起”，请谈谈你的想法。（投影）：国家节水标志，看图标，你能说说这个标志的含义吗？“国家节水标志”由水滴、人手和地球变形而成。绿色的圆形代表地球，象征节约用水是保护地球生态的重要措施。标志留白部分像一只手托起一滴水，手是拼音字母JS的变形，寓意节水，表示节水需要公众参与，鼓励人们从我做起，人人动手节约每一滴水；手又象一条蜿蜒的河流，象征滴水汇成江河。四、达标测试，当堂反馈（提问）：你认为怎样可以节约用水？（学生回答，给可行的有创意的同学加分）五、布置作业，预习新知请为节水设计一条宣传标语，并预习中国的海洋资源。文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 HM9Y4U7O8J3 ZD5S6D10V10S1文档编码:CY6L4F3H1L8 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