2022年月全国自考《组织行为学》试题3.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2022年 6 月 21 日高校英语六级真题及答案 What will the world be like in fifty years. This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of how the world will look in 2056,fron gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the world s finest minds believe our futures will be.For those of us lucky enough to live that long,2056 will be a world obesity is a remote memory and robots become our companions. of almost perpetual youth, where We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself. The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexbaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice. Will we really, as todays scientists claim, be able to live for ever or at least cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150. Of course, all these predictions come with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker says: “ This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners that were made 50 year ago.”Living longer Anthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute in North Carolina, belives failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow the ageing process by using the same process to “ tune ” cells.Bruce Lahn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the ability to s immproduce “ unlimited suppliesof transplantable human organs without the needed a new organ, such as kidney, the surgeon would contact a commercial organ producer, give him the patient-logical profile and would then be sent a kidney with the correct tissue type. These organs would be entirely composed of human cells, grown by introducing them into animal hosts, and alloweing them to deveoop into and organ in place of the animals own. But Prof. Lahn belifarmed brains would be “ off limits” .He says: “ Very few people would want to have their brains by someone elses and we probably dont want to put a human brain ing an animal body.”Richard Miller, a professor at the University of Michigan, thinks scientist could develop-“ageing drugs” by working out how cells in larger anim als such as whales and human resist many forms of injuries. He says:“ It s is now routine, in laboratory mammals, to extend lifespan by about 40%. Turning on the same protective systems in people should, by 2056, create the first class of 100-year-olds who are as vigorous and productive as todays people in their 60s”Aliens 1 / 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Conlin Pillinger ,professor of planerary sciences at the Open University,says:” I fancy that be able to show that life didi start to evolve on Mars well as Earth. n 50years he hopes scientists will prove that alien life came here in Martian meteorites陨石. Chris McKay,a planetary scientist at NASAs Ames Research Center.believes that in 50 years we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent forst of Mars or on other planers. He adds: ” There is even a chance we will find alien life forms here on Earth.It mightbe as different as English is to Chinese. Priceton professor Freeman Dyson thinks it “ likely” that life form outer space will be discovered defo2056 because the tools for finding it, such as optical and radio detection and data processing,are improving. He ays: ” As soon as the first evidence is found,we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow quickly.Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, astronomy and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe. Colonies in space Richard Gottprofessor of astrophysics at Princeton,hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars,which would be a “ life insurance policy against whatever catastrophes,natural or otherwise,might occur on Earth. “ The real space race is whether we will colonise off Earth on to other worlds before money for the space programme runs out.”Spinal injuries Ellen Heber-Katz,a professor at the Wistar Institude in Philadelphia,foresees cures for inijuries causing paralysis such as the one that afflicated Superman star Christopher Reeve. She says: ” I believe that the day is not far off when we will be able to profescribe drugs that cause severes断裂的 spinal cords to heal,hearts to regenerate and lost limbs to regrow. “ People will come to expect that injured or diseased organs are meant to be repaired from within,inmuch the same way that we fix an appliance or automobile:by replancing the damaged part with a manufacturer-certified new part.” She predict that within 5 to 10 years fingers and toes will be regrown and limbs will start to be regrown a few years later. Reparies to the nervous system will start with optic nerves and,in time,the spinal cord. Katz adds. Obesity ” Within 50years whole body replacement will be routine,-Sydney Brenner,senior distinguished fellow of the Crick-Jacobs Center in California,won the 2002 Noblel Prize for Medicine and says that if there is a global disaster some humans will survive-and evolition will favour small people with bodies large enough to support the required amount of brain power. ” Obesity,” he says. ” will have been solved.”2 / 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Robots Rodney Brooks,professor of robotice at MIT,says the problems of developing artificial intelligence for robots will be at least partly overcome.As a result, open up immensely”Energy Bill Joy,green technology expert in Califomia,says:” the possibilities for robots working with people will ” The most significant breakthrought would be to have an inexhaustible source of safe,green energy that is substantially cheaper than any existing energy source. ”Ideally,such a source would be safe in that it could not be made into weapons and would not make hazardous or toxic waste or carbon dioxide,the main greenhouse gas blamed for global warming. Society Geoffrey Miller,evolutionary psychologist at the University of New Mexico,says:” The US w the UKin realizing that religion is nor a prerequisite 前提 for ordinary human decency. “ This,science will kill religion-not by reason challenging faith but by offering a more practical,uniwersal and rewarding moral frameworkfor human interaction.” He also predicts that “ ahsurdly wasteful” displays of wealth will become umfashionable while the importance of close-knit communities and families will become clearer. These there changer,he says,will help make us allter,wiser,happier and kinder” .1.What is john lnghams report about.AA solution to the global energy crisis BExtraordinary advances in technology. CThe latest developments of medical science DScientistsvision of the world in halfa century2. According to Harvard professor Steven Pinker,predictions about the future_. Amay invite trouble Bmay not come true Cwill fool the public Ddo more harm than good 3. Professor Bruce Lahn of the University of Chicago predicts that_. nsplantation Ahumans wont have to donate organs for tra Bmore people will donate their organs for transplantation Canimal organs could be transplanted into human bodies Dorgan transplantation wont be as scary as it is today4. According to professor Richard Miller of the University of Michigarr, prople will_. Alife for as long as they wish Bbe relieved from all sufferings C life to 100 and more with vitality 3 / 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Dbe able to live longer than whales 5.Priceton professor Freeman Syson thinks that_. Ascientists will find alien life similar to ours Bhumans will be able to settle on Mars Calien life will likely be discovered Dlife will start to evolve on Mars 6.According to Princeton professor Richard Gott,by setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, Humans_. AMight survie allcatastrophes on earth BMight acquire ample natural resources CWill be able to travel to Mars freely DWill move there to live a better life 7.Ellen Heber-Katz, professor at the Wistar Institue in Philadelpia,predicts that_. Ahuman organs can bu manufactured like appliances Bpeople will be as strong and dymamic as supermen C human nerves can be replanced by optic fibers Dlost fingers and limbs will be able to regrow 8.rodney Brooks says that it will be possible for robots to work with humans as a result or the development of_artificaial intelligence for robots_ 9. The most significant breakthrough predicted by Bill joy will be an inexhaustible green energy source that cant be used to make_pollutions_10 According to Geoffrey Miller, science will offer a more practical, universal and rewarding moral framework in place of _religion_ Part IV Reading Comprehension Reading in Depth 25 minutes Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line thought the centre. Passage One Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved. No, youre not an inone of those hedge funds that failed completely. With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable. A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $8. The once all-powerful dollar isn doing a Titanic against just the pound. It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar. Even the Argentine peso and Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar. The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates. And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U.S. economy-from giant companies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami-for 4 / 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - which the weak dollar is most excellent news. Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners. But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U.S. than a weak dollar. Through April, the total number of visitors from abroad was up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2000 peak. Many Europeans now apparently view the U.S. the way many Americans view Mexico-as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact that the poorer locals cant afford to join the merrymaking. The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports, which thanks in part to the weak dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006. If you own shares in large American corporations, youre a winner in the weak-dollar gamble. Last week Coca-Cola s stick bubbled to a five-year high after it reported a fantastic quarter. Foreign sales accounted for 65 percent of Cokes beverage business. Other American companies profiting from this trend include McDonalds and IBM.American tourists, however, shouldn expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies dont turn on a dime. So if you want tavoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect. 52. Why do Americans feel humiliated. A Their economy is plunging B They cant afford trips to EuropeC Their currency has slumped D They have lost half of their assets. 53.How does the current dollar affect the life of ordinary Americans. AThey have to cancel their vacations in New England. BThey find it unaffordable to dine in mom-and-pop restaurants. CThey have to spend more money when buying imported goods. DThey might lose their jobs due to potential economic problems. 54 How do many Europeans feel about the U.S with the devalued dollar. AThey feel contemptuous of it BThey are sympathetic with it. CThey regard it as a superpower on the decline. DThey think of it as a good tourist destination. 55 what is the authors advice to Americans.A.They treat the dollar with a little respect B.They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble C.They vacation at home rather than abroad D.They treasure their marriages all the more. 56 What does the author imply by saying “ currencies dont turn on a dime” Line 2,Para 7.A.The dollars value will not increase in the short term.B.The value of a dollar will not be reduced to a dime 5 / 8 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C.The dollars value will drop, but within a small margin.D.Few Americans will change dollars into other currencies. Passage Two In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fights. We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. Ive twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids college background as e prize demonstrating how well weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession痴 迷 is more about us than them. So weve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half- truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whAaron and Nicole go to Stanford. We have a full-blown prestige panic； we worry that there wont be enough prizes to g