全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)模拟真题.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)模拟真题（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Anger may feel uncomfortable, but it can be healthy. "A lot of people think they have to 1 their anger," says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychologist in Calgary, Alberta. "But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be addressed. " When we take 2 of that signal and actually 3 the problem instead of ignoring it, we're usually much better for it.4 , we're raised to keep emotions hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have long-term effects on our health. People who 5 their emotions may die sooner than those who are better at expressing emotions. When we're angry, stress hormones are released, which can make us prone to 6 a wide range of diseases.Is it better, then, to scream and holler 7 something makes you mad? That's the rationale behind the "rage rooms" that have popped up in many American cities, where folks are 8 to release their anger 9 violently smashing stuff in a "safe" environment."The theory is that you get the anger out of your system 10 aggressive actions," says Keelan. "But the research indicates that when we 11 our anger aggressively, it can actually increase the 12 of the angerand increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future. " It doesn't take much 13 to predict how a furious rage can 14 your relationships with your spouse, your kids, or your coworkers.If you shouldn't bottle up your angry feelings but aggressive behavior isn't healthy 15 , how should you handle things that tick you off?Start by looking 16 the superficial trigger to your fury. Anger is often caused by 17 feelings of fear, anxiety, disappointment, and guilt. Maybe you're furious that your spouse is late, but it's really because you were afraid he or she had 18 a car accident in the bad weather.19 , pay closer attention to your triggersthose daily irritations that you know will set you off. Do you get angry at the long lines at the grocery store? Take a step back and 20 that it isn't personal. Everyone in the line has dinner to make, just like you.1、单选题第（1）题选A.get rid ofB.make use ofC.face up toD.get used to 正确答案：A 参考解析：get rid of 摆脱、丢弃 make use of 利用、使用 face up to 敢于面对 get used to 习惯于翻译：愤怒情绪可能会让人感到不适，很多人觉得他们必须_愤怒，但它也能有益健康.but转折，前面说愤怒让人感到不适。后面说他也有益处，所以空格处所在的句子，应该和前面一句逻辑类似，选项中只有get rid of(常用于表示摆脱令人不快的事物)可体现愤怒的负面特质及人们对愤怒的排斥态度，故正确。2、单选题第（2）题选A.chargeB.messageC.noticeD.care 正确答案：C 参考解析：charge 职责、责任 message 信息 notice 注意、察觉 care 照看前一句，But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be addressed. 但是愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，提示某些事情需要解决，空格处填写一个动词，与take搭配，修饰singal ，最后一句we are usually much better for it 我们通常会感觉好多了，由此可知，应该是我们意识到这个signal，然后纠正问题，我们就会感觉好多了，固定短语take notice of意为“注意，留意”。C正确。3、单选题第（3）题选A.anticipateB.exposeC.preventD.rectify 正确答案：D 参考解析：anticipate 预料 expose 暴露 prevent 阻止 rectify 纠正、改正翻译：当我们注意到这一信号并真正_它而非忽视问题时。我们通常会感觉好很多。instead of 表转折，连接两个并列的句子，并且含义相反，后面是ignoring it，所以与之对应的是处理，D“纠正”。正确。4、单选题第（4）题选A.PreviouslyB.UnfortunatelyC.ConsequentlyD.Eventually 正确答案：B 参考解析：previously 以前地 unfortunately 遗憾地 consequently 因此、结果 evenually 最终地翻译：_，我们从小就被教导要隐藏情绪，越来越多的研究表明，这会对我们的健康产生长期影响.第一段愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，本段提到但是我们从小被教导要隐藏情绪，所以副词表达反面的情绪，Unfortunatel“遗憾地”符合这一态度。5、单选题第（5）题选A.neglectB.suppressC.perceiveD.arouse 正确答案：B 参考解析：neglect 忽略    suppress 压抑、抑制   perceive 感知   arouse 引起翻译：_的人与善于表达情绪的人相比寿命可能更加短.前一句说我们被教导隐藏情绪，这会对我们的身体产生影响，所以空格处应该填写一个与hide 同义的词，B“压抑”符合题意。6、单选题第（6）题选A.developingB.diagnosingC.overcomingD.dreading 正确答案：A 参考解析：developing 患 diagnosing 诊断 overcoming 克服 dreading 担心、惧怕翻译：当我们生气时体内会释放出压力荷尔蒙，导致我们更容易_各类疾病.空格句与上句之间无转折词，推测二者语义方向应一致，前一句是寿命更短，所以根断应该是更容易患病，developing可与疾病等词汇构成动宾搭配“患上疾病”，为正确项。7、单选题第（7）题选A.whateverB.howeverC.wheneverD.wherever 正确答案：C 参考解析：whatever 不管什么 however 不管怎样 whenever 无论何时 wherever 无论在哪翻译：_有什么事令你气愤时，咆哮嘶吼是不是更好呢？由逻辑可知，生气是咆哮嘶吼的前提或原因，与地点和方式无关，C选项，whenever可表示“在时候场合”，含有条件意味，故正确。8、单选题第（8）题选A.determinedB.invitedC.forbiddenD.required 正确答案：B 参考解析：determined 决定 invited 被邀请 forbidden 被禁止 required 被要求翻译：基于这种逻辑美国许多城市出现了“愤怒屋”，这些店铺_人们在“安全”的环境中以暴力方式宣泄愤怒.基于上面说提到的有什么事令你气愤的时候，你最好就是咆哮嘶吼，所以这些地方是专门给他们发泄的，所以invited可传达“被(泄愤场所的安全性、方便性)吸引”之意，为正确项。9、单选题第（9）题选A.aboutB.inC.forD.by 正确答案：D 参考解析：about 关于 in 在.内 for 为了 by 通过、靠翻译：这些店铺欢迎人们在“安全”的环境中_暴力打砸的方式宣泄他们的愤怒.空格处填写一个介词，描述“暴力打砸”与“泄愤”的逻辑关联，结合上下文可知，暴力打砸是发泄愤怒的一种方式渠道，by可表示方式或手段，为正确项。10、单选题第（10）题选A.fromB.throughC.withoutD.towards 正确答案：B 参考解析：form 出自、来源 through 通过、凭借 without 没有 toward 向翻译：理论上，你可以_攻击性的行为来发泄愤怒.空格处填写一个介词，体现发泄愤怒，和攻击性行为的逻辑关联。through“通过” 正确。11、单选题第（11）题选A.eliminateB.augmentC.inhibitD.display 正确答案：D 参考解析：eliminate 消除 augment 加强、提高 inhibit 阻碍、抑制 display 显露、表现翻译：研究表明，当我们以攻击的方式_愤怒时，实际上会增加愤怒.上一句“你可以通过攻击性的行为来发泄愤怒”，本段空格应该与“将愤怒释放出来” 语义相同，display在文中可表示“使(愤怒情绪)外露出来”之意，故正确。12、单选题第（12）题选A.insensitivityB.intensityC.instabilityD.infinity 正确答案：B 参考解析：insensitivity 不灵敏度 intensity 强度 instability 不稳定性 infinity 无限性翻译：但研究表明，当我们以攻击性的方式表达愤怒时，实际上会增加愤怒的_而且我们更有可能在未来出现攻击性的行为.破折号是对前面的解释，“我们更有可能在未来出现攻击性的行为”，再联系上文信息“人们感到愤怒时常用暴力攻击行为来泄愤”可进一步推测出：愤怒的程度越强，出现攻击行为的可能性越大，故intensity正确。13、单选题第（13）题选A.imaginationB.motivationC.informationD.explanation 正确答案：A 参考解析：imagination 想象力 motivation 动机 information 信息 explanation 解释、理由翻译：不需要太多_就可以预见到暴怒会影响你与身边人的关系.由众所周知的常识可知暴怒通常会损害人际关系，故空格句意在指出人们很容易预料到暴怒对人际关系的危害，四个选项中imagination可与语境词构成约定俗成的句式It doesnt take much imagination to guesspredict(无需多想就可猜到预料到)，契合文意。14、单选题第（14）题选A.affectB.dictateC.reflectD.confirm 正确答案：A 参考解析：affect 影响 dictate 支配、摆布 reflect 反应 confirm 确认翻译：无需多想就可以预见到暴怒会如何_你与配偶、孩子或同事的关系.由上题分析可知，空格词应体现暴怒对人际关系的负面影响，affect指“影响”，文中的暴怒语境可赋予其负面色彩，故为正确项。15、单选题第（15）题选A.yetB.eitherC.insteadD.again 正确答案：B 参考解析：yet 然而 either 而且、也 instead 反而 again 再一次翻译：如果不该压抑愤怒情绪，而攻击性行为_不太健康，那么该如何处理那些人让人恼火的事情呢？两个否定句，前面是不该压抑情绪。后面是攻击行为不太健康，either在否定句中表示“也；和一样”，契合文意。16、单选题第（16）题选A.atB.beyondC.intoD.after 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格填写一个介词，由本段末句事例的让步转折逻辑(人们生气的表面诱因是配偶的晚到行为，而生气的真实原因是担心害怕配偶所处的某个坏情形)可知空格句(本段主旨句)应带有“透过表面诱因，抓住真实本质原因”的意味，beyond与look连用时本义指“越过向远处看”，可引申为“目光不局限于；透过而考虑更大深的方面”，契合文中内涵。17、单选题第（17）题选A.equivalentB.permanentC.underlyingD.forthcoming 正确答案：C 参考解析：equivelent 相等的 permanent 永久的 underlying 潜在的 forthcoming 即将出现的翻译：愤怒通常由_恐惧、焦虑、失望和内疚感所引起.空格处填写一个形容词，修饰feelings of fear, anxiety, disappointment, and guilt ，四个选项中只有underlying在文中可表示“(人们大发雷霆时内心)隐含的、更深层次的(情感)”，为正确项。18、单选题第（18）题选A.hadB.madeC.avoidedD.seen 正确答案：A 参考解析：had 经历 made 引发 avoided 避免 seen 看到翻译：但那实际上是因为你害怕他或她在恶劣天气里_车祸.Maybe you're furious that your spouse is late 也许配偶晚到会让你很生气， 空格处应该是发生车祸的意思，had可与a car accident搭配，表示“遭遇一场车祸”，符合“人们担心家人安危”的常识逻辑，故为正确项。19、单选题第（19）题选A.ThusB.RatherC.OtherwiseD.Also 正确答案：D 参考解析：thus 因此 rather 相反 otherwise 否则 also 而且本段首句与上段首句都采用了表建议的祈使句式，再结合第五段的设问内涵可推知第五至末段的段际逻辑：第五段先设问(如何处理愤怒的诱因)，第六、七段分别介绍两种办法回应设问。故空格词应体现依次列举两种办法的行文逻辑，Also正确。20、单选题第（20）题选A.predictB.proveC.ensureD.consider 正确答案：D 参考解析：predict 预料 prove 证实 ensure 确保 consider 考虑、认为翻译：在杂货店排队会让你恼火吗？ 那就退一步_这种情形并非针对个人，和你一样，排队的所有人都在等着回家做晚饭.Take a step back本身可暗含“后退一步以从更广阔客观的角度思考”之意，空格处应该填写思考、考虑，判断一下这个事情的本事，是否是针对你，还是大家共同承担着。D正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题It is a deep national shame that despite the dedication of staff, care home deaths account for almost a third of all Covid-19 fatalities in the UK.Among the many calls for reform, one is gaining popularity：the idea of setting up a nationall care service. There is an obvious appeal to this. It echoes the idea of having a National Health Service, free to use and open to everyone. Incorporate broken social care into a tried-and-tested national system, goes the thinking. And just as the government plans to tighten its grip on the NHS, the appeal of also trying to run social care from Whitehall might be too great to resist. But in fact, the opposite is true. Social care is in urgent need of attention from decision-makers, but nationalising it is not the answer. Instead the NHS should become more locally accountable.The NHS gets its money directly from government and hospitals are paid for what they do. Social care is funded by local government. But as social care demand grows, finite resources are stretched ever thinner. People can walk into a hospital, but higher thresholds for care mean it is only available to those who need it most. NHS staff have a much better pay deal and care workers feel undervalued. So the first priority is to fund social care properly.But beyond this financial reality, there are deeper problems with a rigid national model that have been further exposed during the Covid-19 pandemic. Instead of being a safety net of last resort in a community-based system of care and support, acute hospital provision dominates the healthcare landscape, sucking in a huge amount of funding. Without reform to shift away from crisis intervention and towards prevention, hospital budgets will eat up an ever-gregter proportion of public service spend.Setting up a national social care service risks replicating this bias. Care homes are expensive and for people with high needs. But social care is much broader than just care homes and applies to a wide range of support to enable people to live in their own homes independently. And it is not just for elderly people. These facts risk being lost in any move towards a national social care service. A single service would tend towards uniform, building-based services, easily managed and monitored from a Whitehall department, rather than adaptable, community support that would vary between areas.Care is essentially about people and relationships, not buildings and services. It is not clear whether a national one-size-fits-all care system would be capable of embedding such fresh, community-led approaches. Health and care budgets in England need to be merged locally so everyone benefits from investing in prevention. There is no question that the care system is in urgent need of funding reform, but nationalising social care wouldn't solve its problems. Rather than rush to an institutional response, let's start with people. We could then reimagine a system of health and support to enable that ambition.21、单选题The author views nationalizing social care with_A.appreciationB.disapprovalC.toleranceD.uncertainty 正确答案：B 参考解析：But in fact, the opposite is true. Social care is in urgent need of attention from decision-makers, but nationalising it is not the answer. Instead the NHS should become more locally accountable. 第二段表明了作者的态度，社会照护虽急需决策者关注，但将其收归国有并非解决之策。B正确。22、单选题According to Paragraph 3, the most pressing issue for social care should be_A.obtaining sufficient fundingB.conserving limited resourcesC.improving labor relationsD.lowering thresholds for patients 正确答案：A 参考解析：NHS staff have a much better pay deal and care workers feel undervalued. So the first priority is to fund social care properly.一是随着社会照护需求的增加，有限资源被消耗，二是照护工作者，觉得自己不受重视，所以社会照护而言最紧迫的事应该是应该是获得资金，A正确。23、单选题It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that acute hospital provision_A.gets little support from local communitiesB.absorbs too much of public service fundingC.responds slowly to emergency health crisesD.exposes healthcare workers to great danger 正确答案：B 参考解析：Instead of being a safety net of last resort in a community-based system of care and support, acute hospital provision dominates the healthcare landscape, sucking in a huge amount of funding. 急症医院提供的服务没有充当社区照护服务的后备措施，而是成为医疗护理的大头，占用大量公共资金，不过进行改革，那么医院预算还要进一步吞噬公共服务资源。B正确。24、单选题According to Paragraph 5, the author believes that a national social care service would_A.offer services that are rigid and inflexibleB.enable more disabled people to live on their ownC.increase the economic burdens of the elderlyD.facilitate government engagement with communities 正确答案：A 参考解析：Setting up a national social care service risks replicating this bias. 作者认为国有社会照护机构会是另一个国家医疗服务体系，社会照护工作的多样化特点“不仅限于养老院、服务场所可以是家里、服务对象也不一定是老年人”，但是国有社会照护会倾向于以大楼(即以养老院为代表的集中照护场所)为据点提供统一的服务，而不是让社区(即各个家庭散落之地)根据各地区的差异提供灵活的服务”。可见国有社会照护服务将会缺少变通。A正确。25、单选题Which saying can best summarize the author's advice to social care reformers in the last paragraph?A.Prepare for the worst.B.Haste makes waste.C.Think top-down.D.Put people first. 正确答案：D 参考解析：Rather than rush to an institutional response, let's start with people. We could then reimagine a system of health and support to enable that ambition. 全国性体系不一定能让社区去带头采取这种灵活的策略，建议将医疗地方化“医疗和照护都要纳入地方预算，好让所有人受益于预防，社会照护急需资金改革，但国有化不能解决它的所有问题，不如从人出发思考如何进行改革，综上可知末段围绕“以人为本”，D正确。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题Big Tech is back in the congressional hot seat. On Wednesday, the chief executives of Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google will be questioned in a House judiciary antitrust subcommittee hearing.This is perhaps the most important and high-profile conversation about monopolies since the Microsoft case of the 1990s. It could also be a major, multi-decade turning point in US antitrust policy. They want to curb not only Big Tech, but a number of other industries with dominant playersfinance and pharmaceuticalswith more regulation.If that happens, we should thank not only Washington, but state and local officials who have been challenging corporate power in their own backyards for several years. Well before antitrust became trendy, local communities were waging successful fights against corporate behemoths for practical rather than ideological reasons. Those battles have laid the groundwork for what may come at federal level.There are countless examples of communities that have successfully waged such David and Goliath battles. Very often, they end up economically better off. Communities with a greater share of their economy in the hands of small businesses are better at solving problems collectively, says Stacy Mitchell, the co-director of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance. They also have higher levels of civic participation. "Just as we know that concentrated power corrupts democracy, the opposite is true," she says. "The more broadly economic decision-making is distributed, and the more say people have over their livelihoods, the more effective and engaged they are as citizens. "Some believe policymakers should embrace creative destruction in a kind of Schumpeterian killing of what would surely be tens of thousands of small businesses in less productive sectors such as restaurants, services and personal care. They argue this would encourage workers to retrain and redistribute in the digital economy. But that runs into the problem that each generation of Big Tech companies seems to be able to do more with fewer people. A handful of very large, very rich companies that need fewer and fewer workers d