2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析.docx
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D( research and development). That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested.So they compared U. S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to investlike size, industry,and salesand for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process"and the possible presence of "younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. " The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. "It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average, " said one researcher.1、单选题第（1）题选_.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格句的大意：新的研究表明，幸福感可能也会影响公司_的工作。why表示原因，意为“为什么”；where表示地点，意为“哪里”；how表示方式，意为“如何，怎样”；when表示时间，意为“当时候”。根据语义，这里表达的是：幸福感也可能会影响公司如何运作，故选C。2、单选题第（2）题选_.A.In returnB.In particularC.In contrastD.In conclusion 正确答案：B 参考解析：In return意为“反过来，作为报答”，In particular意为“尤其，特别”，In contrast意为“相反”，In conclusion意为“总的来说”。根据第二段第一句“根据近期的研究，拥有更多快乐员工的公司会投资更多”。而第二句“那些坐落于人们幸福感强的地区的公司会做更多的研究与开发。”第二句是在第一句基础上进一步强调说明，in particular“尤其，特别”，符合语境，故选B。3、单选题第（3）题选_.A.sufficientB.famousC.perfectD.necessary 正确答案：D 参考解析：sufficient意为“充足的”，famous意为“著名的”，perfect意为“完美的”，necessary意为“必要的，必须的”。根据空格句的大意：“因为幸福感与对未来投资有必要的长远考虑相联系”可知，空格处要搭配介词for，并且修饰“长远考虑”，故选D。4、单选题第（4）题选_.A.individualismB.modernismC.optimismD.realism 正确答案：C 参考解析：individualism意为“个人主义”，modernism意为“现代主义”，optimism意为“乐观主义”，realism意为“现实主义”。因为本文主要是探讨“happy people”与公司的关系，所以optimism符合句意，故选C。5、单选题第（5）题选_.A.echoB.missC.spoilD.change 正确答案：D 参考解析：echo意为“发出回声”，miss意为“想念，错过”，spoil意为“破坏，溺爱”，change意为“改变”。分析空格句结构可知，宾语为“公司投资的方式”，结合选项，change符合题意，故选D。6、单选题第（6）题选_.A.imaginedB.measuredC.inventedD.assumed 正确答案：B 参考解析：imagined意为“想象”，measured意为“衡量，测量”，invented意为“发明”，as sumed意为“假定，设想”。空格句的大意为“他们把盖洛普咨询公司所测量的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃度进行对比。”根据原文语境，盖洛普咨询公司所做的应该是一个“既定事实”，指数是需要测量的，故选B。7、单选题第（7）题选_.A.SureB.OddC.UnfortunateD.Often 正确答案：A 参考解析：sure意为“确信的”，odd意为“奇怪的”，unfortunate意为“不幸运的”，often意为“经常的”。sure enough意为“足以肯定的是”，符合题意，故选A。8、单选题第（8）题选_.A.advertisedB.dividedC.overtaxedD.headquartered 正确答案：D 参考解析：advertised意为“广告的”，divided意为“划分的”，overtaxed意为“课税过重的”，headquartered意为“位于总部的”,空格句大意为“足以肯定的是，公司的投资和研发力度与公司总部所在地的幸福指数相关”。in which引导表示地点的定语从句，先行词为area。结合选项，headquartered搭配前文area，构成“总部所在地”最为合理，故选D。9、单选题第（9）题选_.A.explainB.overstateC.summarizeD.emphasize 正确答案：A 参考解析：explain意为“解释”，overstate意为“夸大”，summarize意为“概述”，emphasize意为“重点强调”。根据空格句中why，并结合选项，explain可与文中的why搭配使用，故选A。10、单选题第（10）题选_.A.stagesB.factorsC.levelsD.methods 正确答案：B 参考解析：stages意为“阶段”，factors意为“因素”，levels意为“等级”，methods意为“方法”。根据空格句中破折号后面“大小、产业、销售”，这些都是“让公司有更多投资的”因素，故选B。11、单选题第（11）题选_.A.desirableB.sociableC.reputableD.reliable 正确答案：A 参考解析：该空应该填形容词，修饰前面的名词place，并且在意义上也是对后面like growth in wages or population的解释，因此应填褒义词。结合选项，desirable意为“可取的，理想的”，social意为“社交的”，reputable意为“受尊敬的”，reliable意为“可依靠的”。desirable符合语义，故选A。12、单选题第（12）题选_.A.resumedB.heldC.emergedD.broke 正确答案：B 参考解析：本段主要在描述幸福与投资之间的关系。结合选项，resumed意为“重新开始”，held意为“保持不变”，emerged意为“浮现”，broke意为“破坏”。只有held(保持不变)符合语境，故选B。13、单选题第（13）题选_.A.attributeB.assignC.transferD.compare 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格所填词在which引导的定语从句中作谓语，动词的宾语就是前面的主句，强调“幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司”这一结论与后面“所做决定会偏草率”之间的关系，因此是因果关系。结合选项，attribute to意为“归因于”，assign to意为“指派”，transfer to意为“转移到”，compare to意为“与比较”。只有attribute to符合句意，故选A。14、单选题第（14）题选_.A.seriousB.civilizedC.ambitiousD.experienced 正确答案：D 参考解析：根据前面的并列连词and，要与前面的young保持一致修饰managers，强调新公司的领导年轻并缺乏经验。结合选项，serious意为“严肃的，认真的”，civilized意为“文明的”，ambitious意为“有野心的”，experienced意为“有经验的”。只有experienced符合句意，故选D。15、单选题第（15）题选_.A.thusB.insteadC.alsoD.never 正确答案：C 参考解析：前面说到幸福和投资之间的相互关系在新公司中表现得更加明显，与空格所在句为递进关系，also意为“而且，也”，符合句意，故选c。16、单选题第（16）题选_.A.rapidlyB.regularlyC.directlyD.equally 正确答案：D 参考解析：本题考查修饰spread的副词，公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的员工所在部门。该空与后面的inequality形成反义复现关系。结合选项，rapidly意为“快速地”，regularly意为“有规律地，定期地”，directly意为“直接地”，equally意为“平等地”。很容易判断出答案为“equally”，故选D。17、单选题第（17）题选_.A.AfterB.UntilC.WhileD.Since 正确答案：C 参考解析：本题考查逻辑关系，这一段第一句明确说出“这并不证明是快乐导致公司大量投资”，所以两句话之间是转折关系，结合选项，while表示转折，符合题意，故选C。18、单选题第（18）题选_.A.arrivesB.jumpsC.hintsD.strikes 正确答案：C 参考解析：arrive at意为“到达，抵达”，jump at意为“扑向；急于接受”，hint at意为“暗示”，strike at意为“袭击，攻击”。文章中的at least和that possibility论证了这是一种可能，结合选项，hint at符合句意，故选C。19、单选题第（19）题选A.shapeB.rediscoverC.simplifyD.share 正确答案：A 参考解析：根据上下文，空格处应选择一个表示“影响”未来看法的动词。rediscover意为“再发现”，simplify意为“使简化，使单纯”，share意为“分享”，均可排除。shape意为“塑造，形成，影响”，符合题意，故选A。20、单选题第（20）题选_.A.pray forB.lean towardsC.give awayD.send out 正确答案：B 参考解析：该动词词组应与and前面的成分意思保持一致，且作用对象为R&D(研发)。pray for意为“祈祷”，lean towards意为“倾向于”，give away意为“放弃，泄露”，send out意为“放出，给予”。只有lean towards表达一种递进含义，故选B。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introduction courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbersbut a tool to build apps,or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brian, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding boot camps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in, "said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learnhow to think logically through a problem and organize the resultsapply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computersin their pockets, in their offices, in their homesfor the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they wantthe earlier they learn that they have the power to do thatthe better.21、单选题Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to_.A.complete future job trainingB.remodel the way of thinkingC.formulate logical hypothesesD.perfect artwork production 正确答案：B 参考解析：由Cortina定位在第二段。首段说coding classes arent essential(不重要)，第二段引出中心cortina认为较早接触电脑是有益的(beneficial)，紧接着具体说明好处在于：他们学习了电脑知识就懂得如何去开发应用程序、从事艺术创作，或者验证假设。这是典型的欲扬先抑。答案关键句在于第三句的比较：Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students对于他们来说与大孩子相比，改变思维并不难。综上所述，B项“remodel the way of thinking”是对原文“transform their thought”的同义改写。22、单选题In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their_.A.experienceB.interestC.career prospectsD.academic backgrounds 正确答案：B 参考解析：由关键词定位到第四段。其中deliver是gear的同义改写，lesson是curriculum的同义改写。The high-schoolers get the same curriculum，but“we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in”(高中生们上同样的课程，但是“我们力图以他们的兴趣来调整课程”)，说明该校开设课程是主要考虑到“学生的兴趣”，故选B。23、单选题Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will_.A.help students learn other computer languagesB.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money 正确答案：A 参考解析：由题干中的Deborah Seehorn定位到文章第五段最后一句“But the skills they learnapply to any coding language”意为“他们所学的技能可以应用到任何编码语言中去”。结合选项，A项中help体现文章感情色彩beneficial，computer languages对应coding language，故选A。24、单选题According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to_.A.bring forth innovative computer technologiesB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldD.compete with a future army of programmers 正确答案：C 参考解析：在原文和末段皆没有对“带来新型的计算机技术”的观点支持和对应语义，排除A项。末段第一句提到Flatiron的学生不会都进入IT界，排除B、D项。第三句进一步指出这些学生将会一生“被电脑包围”(对应the digitalized world)，第四句继续表明态度，越早学习电脑，思维方式越好(且又一次比较the youngerthe better)，C项“become better prepared for the digitalized world”是对上述内容的概括总结，故选C。25、单选题The word "coax"( Line 4, Para.6) is closest in meaning to_.A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.Challenge 正确答案：A 参考解析：本文通篇态度明确，对电脑及相关知识都是持强烈的正面态度，结合选项，persuade意为“劝说，劝诱”，符合中心思想。frighten意为“吓唬，使惊吓”，misguide意为“误导”，都是负面影响，故排除；challenge意为“挑战”，即“挑战电脑去生产他们想要的”，与文意不符，排除。因此选A。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickensa kind of bird living on stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species' historic range.The crash was a major reason the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. "The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, "said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered", a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states remain in the driver's seat for managing the species, " Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far, environmentalists say it doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26、单选题The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is_.A.its drastically decreased populationB.the underestimate of the grassland acreageC.a desperate appeal from some biologistsD.the insistence of private landowners 正确答案：A 参考解析：首段通过数据对比2 million和22，000，同But连接突出数量变化，第二段用crash继续总结，本题既考查crash(碰撞；暴跌)，也考查上下文的逻辑联系，以确定“数量减少”这一核心概念，结合选项，A项中“drastically decreased population”就是对这一意思的同义改写，故选A。27、单选题The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_.A.was a give-in to governmental pressureB.would involve fewer agencies in actionC.granted less federal regulatory powerD.went against conservation policies 正确答案：C 参考解析：由The“threatened”tag和disappointed some environmentalists定位到第二段第三句。题干中的in that问及原因，第四句讲到“They had pushed the agency to designate the bird asendangered，a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats”，即他们希望能将prairie chickens归为“endangered”(濒临灭绝)这一物种，濒危物种将会加强让官方保护的力度(crack down，制裁力度)。而目前这一期望落空，故反话正说，对应C项“less federal regulatory power”(联邦保护力度较弱)。28、单选题It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional h
