2022年乙酸教案2 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载第三章生活中两种常见的有机物第 2 课时乙酸张艳娥【教学目标】1.知识技能目标使学生掌握乙酸的分子结构特点，主要物理性质、化学性质和用途，初步掌握酯化反应。2.过程与方法目标通过实验设计、动手实验，及多媒体展示，培养学生的观察能力，加强基本操作训练，培养分析、综合的思维能力和求实、创新、合作的优良品质。3.情感态度与价值观目标通过对乙酸培养学生从现象到本质、从宏观到微观、从实践到理论的科学思维方法。【教学重点】乙酸的分子结构和化学性质及结构和性质的关系【教学难点】酯化反应及实质【教学方法】研究探索式【教学过程设计】复习写出下列化学方程式（组织学生书写并评判）1乙醇的物理性质2乙醇与金属的反应3乙醇的氧化反应4乙醇的的催化氧化引入日常生活中我们常用醋来做调味剂，增加我们的食欲。醋品尝起来酸酸的，尤其是在凉拌的食物中大多都加醋。大家肯定都吃过，那么这个醋其主要成分是什么呢？为什么会发酸，为什么还有淡淡的香味，它有哪些性质？那么大家肯定都吃过。这节课我们就来学习一种常见的有机酸乙酸板书第三节第 2 课时乙酸一、乙酸的性质1物理性质观察学生观察乙酸和冰醋酸样品，完成下列填空并回答：投影（1）乙酸是无色有强烈刺激性气味的液态具有挥发性。（2）乙酸的熔点、沸点较低。提问（3）根据你生活中接触的乙酸，你能说出它的溶解性吗?易溶于水。学习好资料欢迎下载二、乙酸的结构1、分子式：C2H402 结构式：结构简式：CH3COOH 官能团：展示乙酸分子的比例模型 讲述乙酸分子是由甲基和羧基组成的。羧基是由羰基和羟基相连而成。这两个基团连在一起，相互影响，结果不再是两个独立的官能团，而成为一个统一的整体。三、乙酸的化学性质（1）乙酸的酸性设问初中化学已介绍过乙酸是一种有机弱酸，请同学们能否从日常生活或学习中中举出例子 证明乙酸有酸性；比较乙酸、碳酸的酸性的强弱。设计方案 1、乙酸使酸碱指示剂（紫色石蕊试液变红色）变色 2、通常用食醋来除去水垢（主要成分为CaCO3）结论乙酸是弱酸，具有酸的通性。板书酸性强弱：乙酸 碳酸下面学习乙酸另一个重要的化学性质与醇发生酯化反应（2）酯化反应阅读思考 课本第 75 页第 76 页，阅读要点：什么是酯化反应？有何特点？实验 3-4 中，反应所需的药品是什么？各起什么作用？药品的添加顺序如何？OCOHCHHHHCOO文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2学习好资料欢迎下载讲解什么是酯化反应呢？即 酸和醇起作用，生成酯和水的反应叫做酯化反应。即：酸+醇酯+水（乙酸+乙醇 乙酸乙酯 +水）演示实验 设问 2 a、用饱和碳酸钠溶液的目的是什么？解析：中和乙酸，吸收乙醇，便于闻到乙酸乙酯的气味；降低酯的溶解度，便于分层b、为什么产生蒸气的导管口要在饱和碳酸钠溶液的液面上？解析：防止加热不均匀，使溶液倒吸。板书 该酯化反应的化学方程式为浓硫酸CH3COOH+HOCH2CH3CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O 加热设问 4 在酯化反应中，为什么要加冰醋酸和无水乙醇？（由于酯化反应可逆，冰醋酸和无水乙醇中基本不含水，可促使可逆反应向酯化反应方向进行，提高乙酸乙酯的产率）浓硫酸的作用是什么？（催化剂和吸水剂）得出：羧基上的羟基能被其他原子或原子团取代。在酯化反应中，酸从羧基上脱去羟基。乙酸的化学性质都跟羧基有关，所以羧基是决定酸的化学性质。四、乙酸的用途结构决定性质用，性质决定。小结乙酸的用途（重要的化工原料）课堂小结 本节课的重要内容是，乙酸的分子结构特点和主要化学性质的关系；乙酸的物理性质化学性质和用途；及酯化反应的特点及实质。要求同学们掌握。布置作业 课后习题 1、2、3课后反思 板书设计第三节第 2 课时乙酸一、乙酸的性质文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2学习好资料欢迎下载1、物理性质（1）乙酸是无 色有强烈刺激性气味的液态具有挥发性。（2）乙酸的熔点、沸点较低。（3）易溶于水二、乙酸的结构1、分子式：C2H402 2、结构式：3、结构简式：CH3COOH 4、官能团：三、乙酸的化学性质1、乙酸的酸性乙酸是弱酸，具有酸的通性。酸性强弱：乙酸碳酸2、酯化反应即 酸和醇起作用，生成酯和水的反应叫做酯化反应。即：酸+醇酯+水（乙酸+乙醇 乙酸乙酯 +水）该酯化反应的化学方程式为CH3COOH+HOCH2CH3CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O 加热酯化反应的实质是：羧酸脱去羧基上的羟基，醇脱去羟基上的氢原子。四、乙酸的用途。乙酸的用途（重要的化工原料）OCOHCHHHHCOO文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2文档编码:CV1B6I9U2J6 HT7I9T4L1L7 ZN8T7O9S7B2