2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析.docx

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及解析（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weight-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1、单选题第（1）题选A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides 正确答案：C 参考解析：首段提出文章中心：定期称重是一种了解体重波动的好方法。空格所在句指出：_，如果太频繁，这种习惯的坏处要比好处多。前文wonderful way(好方法)与后文 hurt(损害)形成转折关系，故填入however(然而)。其他选项：therefore(因此)，otherwise(否则) 和besides(此外)放在此处皆不符合语境，故选C。    2、单选题第（2）题选A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格所在句指出“this habit can sometimes hurt more than it_”(这种习    惯的坏处要比多)，应该是helps(有帮助，有好处)，与前文hurt(损害)形成反义复现。    其他选项：cares(关心)，warns(警告)，reduces(减少，致使)均不能与hurt形成呼应，故选D。3、单选题第（3）题选A.solelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格所在句指出：至于我，每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康和充    足的体力转移到_体重秤上。填入solely(仅仅)，语义通顺。另外本句foeusing solely on    the scale中的solely(仅仅)与本段后文thinking only of_ the number on the scale的only    形成了同义复现，故选A。4、单选题第（4）题选A.loweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格所在句指出：我曾经为了增加肌肉含量而增重，但后来只考虑_  体重秤上的数字，我改变了我的训练方案。填入lowering(减少或降低)，语义通顺。另外，该句中有but，说明前后为转折关系。lower与前文gain weight(增重)形成反义复现，其他选项：explaining(解释)，accepting(接受)，recording(记录)均不符合文意，故选A。5、单选题第（5）题选A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格所在句指出：这与我需要如何训练以_目标相冲突。此处填入    reach(达到)与goal(目标)形成动宾搭配，且语义通顺。其他选项：set(设定)，modify(修改)    虽然可以与goal搭配，但与文意不符；review(评论，温习)和goal不能形成搭配，故选C。6、单选题第（6）题选A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition 正确答案：A 参考解析：分析空格处所在句的句意：我还发现，每天称体重并不能为我在健身房所做    的努力以及取得的进步提供精确的_。空格处所需的名词需要使句子完整通顺。A项    depiction(描写，叙述)符合语义要求；B项distribution(分布，分配)，C项prediction(预言，预    测)，D项definition(定义)代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除，故选A。7、单选题第（7）题选A.regardless ofB.aside fromC.along withD.due to 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格所在句的句意：需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显著变化，_改变了你的训练计划。空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成因果的递进关系， 只有D项due to(由于)符合要求；A项regardless of(不管，不顾)，B项aside from(除以外；尚有)，C项along with(与一起，连同)代入后，语义皆不通顺，故选D。8、单选题第（8）题选A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly 正确答案：C 参考解析：分析空格处所在句的句意：最_的改变将会体现在技能水平、力量和身高降低上。空格处所需的形容词要和后面的changes构成语义搭配，并且符合语境。C项immediate(立即的，直接的)符合语义要求；A项rigid(严格的)，B项precise(精确的)，D项orderly(有秩序的)代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除，故选c。9、单选题第（9）题选A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格所在句指出：由于这些_(these指代上文提到的缺点)，我停止每天称体重。“停止每天称体重”与上面两段的描述构成因果关系，故只有B项reasons(原因)    符合要求；A项judgments(判断)，C项methods(方法，方式)，D项claims(要求，索赔)代入后，语义不通顺，故选B。10、单选题第（10）题选A.thoughB.againC.indeedD.instead 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因，我停止每天称体重。后半句话句意：转而改为两个月称一次体重。switched to“转而”与D项instead对应。D项instead(代替，反而)符合语义要求；其他选项，A项though(虽然，尽管)，B项again(又，再一次)，C项indeed(的确，实在)代入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除，故选D。11、单选题第（11）题选A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report 正确答案：A 参考解析：空格所在句提到：Since weight loss is not my goal(因为减重不是我的目的)，it is less important for me to_my weight each week(对我来说，每周_一我的体重不太重要)。空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的宾语mv weight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配。除此之外，本段的主题是称重，因此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化，只有A项track符合语义与主题要求，故选A。12、单选题第（12）题选A.approve ofB.hold ontoC.account forD.depend on 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格所在句提到：Weighing every other week allows me to observe and_any significant weight changes(每隔一周称次体重使我能够观察及_任何明显的体重变化)，空格处所填入的动词须和后面的宾语weight changes构成通顺的动宾搭配；同时，该动词还和observe构成并列关系，并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点(先观察到体重变化，再来了解或解释体重变化的原因)，因此只有C项account for(解释，了解)最恰当。13、单选题第（13）题选A.shareB.adjustC.confirmD.prepare 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格所在处提到：That tells me whether I need to_my training program(那告诉我，我是否需要_我的训练项目)。空格处所填动词需要和后面的宾语training program构成通顺的动宾语义搭配；除此之外，that指代上文中“观察并解释体重变化”，此处应该表明，“观察并解释体重变化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目”。因此B项adjust符合句意要求。14、单选题第（14）题选A.featuresB.rulesC.testsD.results 正确答案：D 参考解析：空格处所在句提到：I use my bimonthly weighin_to get infomation about my nutrition as well(我根据两个月称重一次的_来获得关于我的营养方面的信息)，空格处所填名词须和bimonthly weighin构成通顺的语义关系，空格处上文提到“两个月称重一次可以观察并解释任何明显的体重变化”，因此空格处应该表示“称重结果”，D项results最符合句意要求，故选D。15、单选题第（15）题选A.anxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格处提到：IfI am constantly_and dropping weight，this is a_that I need to increase my daily caloric intake(如果我持续_以及体重下降，那么这是一个_，表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄入)，根据条件状语从句中主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系，空格处填入“hungry(饥饿)”更符合语义要求，故选B。16、单选题第（16）题选A.secretB.beliefC.signD.principle 正确答案：C 参考解析：空格之前的“this”指代前面if引导的条件状语从句“如果我运动量保持不变，但总是觉得饿并且体重下降”，空格后面that引导的同位语从句“我需要增加每天卡路里的摄入”，根据前后语义，此空填sign“信号”最合理，故选C。17、单选题第（17）题选A.necessityB.decisionC.wishD.request 正确答案：B 参考解析：空格后动词不定式结构“to stop weighing myself every day”作空格处名词的同位语，“停止每天称体重这个_”。分析选项，A项necessity(必要性)，B项decision(决定)，C项wish(愿望)，D项request(要求)。根据语义，此处填decision(决定)最合理，故选B。18、单选题第（18）题选A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing 正确答案：D 参考解析：此空在of介词短语中，修饰名词“burden(负担)”，根据语义色彩，此处应该填贬义词。分析选项，A项surprising(令人惊喜的)，B项restricting(约束)，C项consuming(消耗)。因此只有disappointing(令人失望的)最合理，故选D。19、单选题第（19）题选A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if 正确答案：A 参考解析：根据选项特征，看出本题考查句内逻辑关系，前半句话“I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals”(我已经更成功地实现了健身目标)，后半句“I'm training according to those goals，not the numbers on a scale”(我根据那些目标来训练，而不是体重数字。)此处应为因果关系，所以正确选项为A项because。此外，本句话中的“also”表明与前一句话之间的因果关系，前一句话中的since也表示因果关系，故选A。20、单选题第（20）题选A.dominatingB.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing 正确答案：D 参考解析：根据选项特征可知此空应填入动词的现在分词，通过上文可知，作者对“the scale”一直持否定态度，因此，此空根据语义色彩排除dominating(统治)和triumphing(胜利)，而puzzling over(仔细琢磨，冥思苦想)，与上下文语义不符。obsessing(困扰)最符合此处语义要求，故选D。材料题 Page 根据下面资料，回答21-25题Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry" rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends-andtheir own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated."There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve, "says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions afler moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation. "That's good news," Malti says, "We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret."21、单选题Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_.A.foster a child's moral developmentB.regulate a child's basic emotionsC.improve a child's intellectual abilityD.intensify a child's positive feelings 正确答案：A 参考解析：根据题干“Researchers”，“guilt”，“a good thing”等关键词可定位至第一段最后一句。原文中第一段最后一句提到“This is why researchers generally regard so-called morala good thing”根据代词this指代前文的原则可知，题干所提的原因在上文，即“Children arent born knowing how to sayI'm sorry；rather，they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends-and their own consciences”，其中的“such statements appease parents and mendsand their own consciences”(这样的表达能安抚父母和朋友，也能让他们自己心安)，such statements指代句中出现的“sayI'm sorry”。结合四个选项，regulate a childs basic emotions(管理孩子的基本情绪)，improve a childs intellectual ability(提高孩子的智力)，intensify a childs positive feelings(加强孩子的积极感受)在原文均没有具体体现，排除B、C、D项。foster a childs moral development和appease parents and friendsand their own consciences可以实现同义替换，故选A。22、单选题According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be_.A.inexcusableB.deceptiveC.addictiveD.burdensome 正确答案：D 参考解析：根据题干中的关键信息“paragraph 2”以及“many people still consider guilt to be”可以定位至原文第二段第一、第二句“In the popular imagination，of course，guilt still gets a bad rapIt is deeply uncomfortable-its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones”(当然，在大众的看法中，愧疚仍然会得到不好的评论。这种感觉非常不舒服，就像穿着一件坠着石头的夹克一样。)结合四个选项，inexcusable(不可原谅的)，deceptive(欺骗的)，addictive(上瘾的)，burdensome(繁重的，负担沉重的)。只有burdensome与原文表述意思最接近，故选D。23、单选题Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that_.A.emotions are context-independentB.an emotion can play opposing rolesC.emotions are socially constructiveD.emotional stability can benefit health 正确答案：B 参考解析：根据题干关键信息“Vaish holds that”可以定位至原文第二段第四句“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinkingcan serve，says Amrisha Vaish”既为Vaish的观点，也是题干信息所在句。后面又提到“adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition thatin another”(这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分，即情绪不是二元情感，在一个情境中有利的情绪，在另一个情境中可能是有害的。)，结合四个选项，emotions are context-independent(情绪与情境无关)与原文表述相反，排除A项。an emotion can play opposing roles(情绪可以起到相反的作用)与原文中句子的表述一致，符合题意，所以B项正确。emotion are socially constructive(从社会角度来说，情绪具有积极性)，emotional stability can benefit health(情绪稳定有益于身体健康)，原文中都没有明确提到相关内容，排除c、D项。24、单选题Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_.A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can result from either sympathy or guiltC.can bring about emotional satisfactionD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts 正确答案：B 参考解析：根据题干关键信息“Malti and others have shown”和“cooperation and sharing”可以定位至原文第四段第三句“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing”(马尔蒂和其他人已经表明，内疚和同情心可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径。)结合四个选项，may help correct emotional deficiencies(可能有助于改正感情缺陷)与原文第四段第二句话“that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency”(内疚可能会弥补感情缺陷)不符，排除A项。can result from either sympathy or guilt(要么归因于同情，要么归因于内疚)与原文表述一致，所以B项正确：can bring about emotional satisfaction(能够带来感情上的满足)，原文中没有与之相关的信息，排除C项。may be the outcome of impulsive acts(可能是冲动行为的结果)与第四段第四句“which can rein in their nastier impulses”(这可以控制他们更糟糕的冲动)，属于因果倒置，与原文内容不符，排除D项。25、单选题The word "transgressions" is closest in meaning to_.A.teachingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.wrongdoings 正确答案：D 参考解析：根据题干要求定位到原文第五段第二句话“Using caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations，she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions”(她用照料者的评估和孩子们的自我观察对每一个孩子的整体同情水平以及他或她在道德上_后感觉到消极的倾向程度做了评价。)由句中的“to feel negative emotions”可知transgressions带有消极贬义的情感色彩。结合四个选项，teaching(教导)属于褒义词，discussions(讨论)属于中性词，restrictions(限制，束缚)属于中性词，与原文的感情色彩均不符，排除A、B、C项。wrongdoings(坏事，不道德的事)属于贬义词，与原文语义相符，故选D。材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their abilities to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is