考研英语（二）第二部分阅读理解（上）.docx

考研英语（二）第二部分阅读理解（上）（江南博哥）材料题根据以下材料，回答1-5题The number of children who have died from heatstroke this year after being left or getting trapped in hot cars is among the highest on record.So far in 2019, 49 children have died from vehicular heatstroke, according to the National Safety Council, a non-profit safety group.While most deaths occur during the hotter summer months, they can also happen in other seasons and with outside temperatures in the 60s, said Jan Null, a lecturer in meteorology at San Jose State University.More deaths could happen before the end of the year, though Mr.Null pointed out that the last death in 2018 was in September.The growing number of hot-car deathsan average of 38 each year for the past two decadesdisplays the difficultly of pinpointing their cause and finding viable solutions,advocates say.Most of these deaths occurred when a parent or caregiver unintentionally left a child in the car and about a quarter of them happened when a child got into a car on their own, and about 19% occurred after a caregiver knowingly left a child in the car, according to Mr.Null. "Nobody wants to accept the fact that you're capable of doing this, but it's just how our brains work,"said Janette Fennell, president and founder of KidsAndCars.org."If you can forget your keys or your cellphone, you certainly have the capability of forgetting your child."The temperature inside a car can rise about 20 degrees in just 10 minutes, according to researchers.Heatstroke can happen when a person's body temperature reaches 104 degrees, and it could turn lethal for children when their body temperature reaches 107 degrees.While the U.S.has experienced record-setting heat in recent years, Mr.Null said he couldn't specify an exact cause for the increase in child heatstroke deaths because a complex set of factors can play a role.Beyond the temperature outside or where a car is parked, psychological factors can come into play.As such, "there's not going to be one solution," he said.Child-safety groups have pushed public-awareness campaigns over the years, and advocated for legislation and new technology in automobiles.A number of states have passed laws forbidding a person from leaving a child unattended in a vehicle because of safety concerns.For several years, advocacy groups have also pushed Congress to pass the Hot Cars Act,which would require new cars to be outfitted with child-safety alert systems.Bills were introduced in the Senate and House of Representatives earlier this year.1、单选题In Paragraph 2, Jan Null pointed out that_A.summer was the only season to cause hot-car deathsB.more deaths from vehicular heatstroke would happen this yearC.it is imperative to call for more attention to the car deathsD.other seasons could be more dangerous than summer 正确答案：B 参考解析：More deaths could happen before the end of the year, though Mr.Null pointed out that the last death in 2018 was in September. 尽管2018年最后一次死亡时间发生在9月，但是Jan Null认为年底前可能会有更多类似的死亡事件发生。B正确。2、单选题Janette Fennell is cited to state the fact that adults_A.can't entirely avoid carelessnessB.are fully responsible for hot-car deathsC.keep denying responsibility for child-rearingD.feel hopeless for children's possible death 正确答案：A 参考解析："Nobody wants to accept the fact that you're capable of doing this, but it's just how our brains work,"said Janette Fennell, president and founder of KidsAndCars.org."If you can forget your keys or your cellphone, you certainly have the capability of forgetting your child." Janette Fennell的话诉说了一个事实，就是遗忘使大脑的工作方式之一，没有人可以避免这一点。A“不能完全避免粗心大意”正确。3、单选题According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true about hot-car deaths?A.The causes of hot-car deaths have already been pinpointed.B.A child will die when its body temperature reaches 104 degrees.C.Psychological factors may also attribute to hot-car deaths.D.There is an effective way to prevent hot-car deaths. 正确答案：C 参考解析：Mr.Null said he couldn't specify an exact cause for the increase in child heatstroke deaths because a complex set of factors can play a role.Beyond the temperature outside or where a car is parked, psychological factors can come into play.  第四段描述了温度升高可导致儿童中暑死亡，但是发生作用的因素太对，其中也包括心理因素，所以还没有确切的解决方法。C正确。4、单选题In the last paragraph, the author suggests that_A.the public is unaware of the problem of child-safetyB.new technology in automobiles used to be prohibitedC.it is not necessary to install child-safety alert system in carsD.more regulations concerning hot-car deaths are ongoing 正确答案：D 参考解析：Child-safety groups have pushed public-awareness campaigns over the years, and advocated for legislation and new technology in automobiles.A number of states have passed laws forbidding a person from leaving a child unattended in a vehicle because of safety concerns. 许多州已经通过了通过了禁止将儿童留在车中无人看管的立法，后面还提到一些高温车辆法案。要求必须配备儿童安全警报系统。D正确。5、单选题Which of the following is the best titlefor the text?A.Inevitable Loss Makes Parents GrieveB.A Tragedy Calling for New AutomobileTechnologyC.You Can Never Be Too Careful on Child-safetyD.Summer, the Most Dangerous Season 正确答案：C 参考解析：文章从2019年中暑死亡儿童人数创历史新高为出发点，探讨了儿童死亡的原因，以及如何解决这个问题的一系列问题。让公众和政府对儿童安全问题高度重视。C在儿童问题上再小心也不为过。符合题意，C正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答6-10题Selective New York City public high schools are supposed to make it easy for families to see their detailed admission criteria, but only a fraction of schools do so, according to a new report from Fordham Law School.Just 20 of 157 screened high-school programs put their rubrics for evaluating applicants online or gave them to researchers upon request, the report said Tuesday.At a time when selectivity in admission to public schools is under scrutiny, the report said families deserve far more information on exactly how students are judged.In the city's complex system,eighth-graders competing for seats rank up to 12 choices, selective schools rank applicants, and an algorithm makes matches.The city Department of Education website and high-school directory show general requirements for each school.But the agency has said each school should make available a rubric showing the precise weighting of admission criteria, such as test scores, course grades, attendance and punctuality.Those details help students determine whether they are viable candidates and avoid wasting their picks on programs where they have no shot.More transparency "could go far in helping some families better navigate the process and level the playing field," said Dora Galacoats, executive director of Fordham's Feerick Center for Social Justice, which issued the "Screened Out" report.George Westinghouse High School in Brooklyn was one of the few to provide rubrics.It gave 15% of points for attendance, 15% for punctuality, 7.5% for each of the four core course grades, and 40% for state test scores in math and reading.Department of Education officials said they instruct screened schools annually to make rubrics available, and would remind principals in their next newsletter."We're committed to a fair and transparent admissions process," said spokeswoman Katie O'Handlon.Screening faces critics who say it exacerbates segregation by race and income, partly because affluent families have more resources to deal with the system and pay for tutoring.Supporters of screening say it helps high-performing students learn at a faster pace.Researchers at the Feerick Center hunted for admissions rubrics on school websites, sent letters to principals asking for rubrics, and made two rounds of phone calls to high schools,between June 2018 and February.Most of the roughly 77,000 students who applied to high school sought to get into at least one screened program, which offered about 15,700 seats in 2017, the report said.6、单选题Selective New York City public high schools should provide parents with_A.detialed admittance standardsB.more complicated instructionC.the city's complex systemD.the special requirements 正确答案：A 参考解析：Selective New York City public high schools are supposed to make it easy for families to see their detailed admission criteria, 纽约市精英公立高中应该让家长更加方便的了解其详细录取标准，由此可知，作者这里提出的是，希望纽约精英公立高中提供给家长详细的录取标准，A正确。7、单选题According to Paragraph 2, the precise admission criteria being made available can_A.help students become eligible candidatesB.make students give up wrong programs in timeC.select suitable programs for potentially viable studentsD.raise the bar of fair play for families 正确答案：B 参考解析：Those details help students determine whether they are viable candidates and avoid wasting their picks on programs where they have no shot. 精确的入学标准可以帮助学生确认自己是否是某所高中的合适人选，以避免其浪费选择的机会，所以B使学生及时放弃不适合的招生计划。B正确。8、单选题George Westinghouse High School is one of the schools that_A.make detailed admission criteria availableB.value math and reading the least in previous testsC.challenge the transparent admission processD.will be reminded in the next newsletter from authorities 正确答案：A 参考解析：executive director of Fordham's Feerick Center for Social Justice, which issued the "Screened Out" report.George Westinghouse High School in Brooklyn was one of the few to provide rubrics.   乔治·威斯汀豪斯中学是少数提供招生标准的学校之一)，接着第三句具体描述入学标准包括15的出勤率，15的守时性，30的四门核心课程的成绩以及40的州数学和阅读考试分数，由此可知，该学校列出了详细的入学标准供学生和家长参考。A正确。9、单选题It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the possible disadvantage of screening is_A.forging educational backgroundB.accelerating the learning paceC.deepening the economical distortionD.increasing inequality 正确答案：D 参考解析：Screening faces critics who say it exacerbates segregation by race and income, partly because affluent families have more resources to deal with the system and pay for tutoring.   批评者认为，筛选加剧了种族和收入的分离，部分原因是富裕家庭拥有更多资源来应对这一制度，并支付辅导费用，由此可知这一筛选可能加剧贫富阶级的不平等，D正确。10、单选题We learn from the text that_A.Department of Education officials instruct screened schools monthlyB.high-school directory shows the detailed test scores of studentsC.few selective schools in New York post precise admission criteriaD.researchers at the Feerick Center offered sufficient seats for students 正确答案：D 参考解析：文章第一段提出，纽约市精英公立高中应该让家长更方便地了解详细的录取标准，但只有部分学校这样做；文章第三段指出乔治·威斯汀豪斯中学是少数提供录取标准的学校之一，而第四段第一句则提出，教育部官员表示，他们每年都会指导经过筛选的学校制定相应的入学标准，致力于构建一个公平和透明的招生过程。由此可看出，纽约的精英中学中制定详细录取标准的学校并不多，故选项C正确。材料题根据以下材料，回答11-15题Wells Fargo & Co.said that third-quarter profit fell as lower interest rates hit the bank's lending profit.Profitat the San Francisco-based bank was $4.61 billion, compared with $6.01 billion in the year-ago period.Per-share earnings were 92 cents.Analysts polled by FactSet had expected $1.24 a share.Revenue came in at $22 billion, up from$21.94 billion a year earlier.Analysts had expected $21.09 billion.The lender also took a financial hit related to the fake-account scandal that has dogged Wells Fargo since 2016.The bank's 2016 fake-account issue badly damaged Wells Fargo's reputation and led to a morass of regulatory problems.The bank said last month after a six-month search that it would hire Bank of New York Mellon Corp.Chief Executive Charles Scharf as CEO.He starts next week but already has started briefings with the current management team, Chief Financial officer John Shrewsberry said.Mr.Shrewsberry said on a Tuesday call with analysts that he expects the new CEO to conduct a "complete strategic review" of the bank's businesses.Mr.Scharf also will be tasked with restoring the bank's battered reputation and improving its standing with regulators.The bank also must contend with falling interest rates, which hurt profit.The Federal Reserve cut rates twice in the third quarter.At Wells Fargo, that meant the yield the bank earned on assets such as loans dropped to 3.76% from 3.94% in the prior quarter, while the rate the bank paid on interest-bearing liabilities including customer deposits dropped to 1.46% from 1.50%.Taken together, that pushed the bank's net interest margin to 2.66% from 2.82% in the previous quarter.Wells Fargo's net interest income fell 8% in the third quarter from a year earlier.The bank's major business lines have struggled since the scandal.What was once an aggressive rapidly growing lender whose profit towered above those of rivals has become a firm with sluggish revenue that is leaning heavily on cost cuts.Revenue fell year over year in consumer banking and wholesale banking.It rose in the bank's wealth unit but only due to the gain on the sale of a retirement and trust business.Income from mortgage banking fell even though lower rates meant the bank originated more home loans.The litigation costs also helped push expenses up 10% in the third quarter from a year earlier despite cost-cutting goals.Wells Fargo also paid out more in salary and commission.11、单选题According to the first paragraph,Wells Fargo & Co.Encountered_A.an unaffordable deficitB.a fluctuation in profitC.a dramatic recoverD.an obvious profit loss 正确答案：D 参考解析：【试题类型】具体信息题。【题源揭示】本文摘自2019年10月15日Market Watch(市场观察)的刊文，题目是Wells Fargo Profit Dented By$1.6 Billion Charge(富国银行的利润减少了16亿美元)。【文章大意】本文描述了富国银行的利润减少问题。文章开篇指出富国银行第三季度的利润下滑且遭受了与假账丑闻有关的财务打击，以至于银行的声誉受损，且引发了一系列监管问题。虽然银行聘用了新的首席执行官，并希望其对银行业务进行全面的战略审查，但美联储在第三季度的两次降息使得富国银行的净息差降低、净利息收入下降、银行的个人银行业务和大额银行业务同比下降、抵押贷款收入下降，同时诉讼成本增长，支出的薪水和佣金增多。【解题思路】根据题干关键信息thefirst paragraph和Well Far90C0可定位至文章第一段。该段第一句即提到Wells Far90C0said thatthirdquarterprofit fell(富国银行表示其第三季度利润下滑)，接着第二句用数据证明Profitat the San Francisco based bank was$461 billion，compared with$601 billion in the year-ago period(这家总部位于旧金山的银行的利润为461亿美元，而去年同期为601亿美元)，由此可知，富国银行面临明显的利润损失，故选项Dan obvious profit loss(明显的利润损失)应为正确答案。12、单选题One of the reasons of Wells Fargo's financial hit was_A.the scandal in 2016B.the cost reductionC.the sluggish responseD.the regulatory problem 正确答案：A 参考解析：The lender also took a financial hit related to the fake-account scandal that has dogged Wells Fargo since 2016.    该行还遭受了与假账丑闻有关的财务打击，自2016年以来该丑闻一直困扰着富国银行，富国银行的财务打击原因主义就是这个丑闻。A正确。13、单选题It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that Charles Scharf was expected to_A.help the Federal Reserve cut ratesB.increase the revenue strategicallyC.cope with the falling interest ratesD.stand together with regulators 正确答案：C 参考解析：The bank also must contend with falling interest rates, which hurt profit.  第四段描写了对新任首席执行官的要求，对该行的业务进行全面的战略审查，恢复该银行受损的声誉并改善其在监管机构中的地位，还必须应对利率下降而损害利润的问题。C正确。14、单选题We can infer from the last paragraph that for the bank,_A.its retirement and trust business will soarB.its struggle will last for a long timeC.its will soon recover from scandalD.its income from mortgage banking will grow 正确答案：B 参考解析：最后一段中，讲述了富国银行所面临的困境，该银行的个人银行业务和大额银行业务的收入同比下降，抵押贷款业务收入下降，支出了更多的薪水和佣金等等，富国银行也制定了削减成本的目标，这场斗争将持续较长时间，B正确。财富部门收益的增加是由于出售退休业务和信托业务，并没有提及退休业务和信托业务将会猛增，A错误。文中并未提及银行何时会从丑闻中恢复，而只强调了银行困境与其所做的措施，C错误。银行发放了更多的房屋贷款，但是收入却下降了。D错误。15、单选题Acc