2022年现代英语语法笔记整理.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思现代英语语法笔记整理下面是我整理出来常常错误的题目其中挑选题 20填空题 30改错题 8句型转换题 28其余名词说明和问答14要想及格那么挑选题、填空题和句型转换题肯定得拿 较简洁拿分55 分以上,此三种题型也注：名词说明题和简洁题不再详述,我会在以上 4 道题中谈到；一、挑选题（ 20） 此节仍适合于综合英语二挑选题的题型以及考点：1关于 by the time 用法have learnta lot about market By the time 表示 “ 当 的时候”Eg. By the time the course ends, we will money 像此类题我们通常会做成过去完成时,但这样是错误的记住这句话：从句用一般时,主句用将来时；2.need 的用法 记住它有三种方法“ need” 作为实义动词时,通常用法是：人need to do 物need doing 物need to be done Eg. The recorder needs repairing. Or, The recorder needs to be repaired ；此题考法简洁,通常会给出这两个答案中的一个,比如要么给出 repairing 要么给出 to be repaired；题目可能会变但这三种用法不会变3.关于 a large number of a large amount of a great deal of a large number of a lot of plenty of numerous much many few little 修饰名词的： a large number of 、numerous、many、 few 修饰不行数名词： a large amount of 、a great deal of、much、 little 既修饰可数和不行数： a lot of plenty of 个人认为只要知道修饰可数的和不行数的就行了,黑体字表示简洁错的一定要记住；4. see 的用法,此题型常常考 see 有两种用法such as: 1. see sb doing sth. 强调观察某人正在做某事, 着重动作过程 eg, I saw him drawing by the river then.说明他正在看他画画,强调看画画的过程； 2. see sb do sth. 是观察某人做某事 , 着重于观察这件事的发生eg. I saw Dr. Smith enter the operating room a moment ago. 说明他看到过 Smith 进了手术室了 . 5. 考倒装：考倒装的范畴相当广,一般有这些词需要倒装 1. 虚拟语气的倒装名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思如 Had I known what was going to happen, I would have never left him home alone. 2. 某些否定意义的副词、连词或词组位于句首时,通常采纳倒装结构；如 not, hardly,never, rarely, nowhere, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, not neither nor , hardly when; no until, not only but also; sooner than 如 Not a single person does he know here. In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted Not only do the students like the film, but also the teachers are interested in it. Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang. 3、当 only + 状语（副词、介词、状语从句）位于句首时,必需采纳倒装 句形式；如：Only in this way can you learn English well. 4、为了防止重复,用 so, neither, 个人或物时,常用倒装句；如：- I like swimming in winter. - So do I. nor 表示前一句陈述的内容也适合另一 5 、在 so that 结构中,假如为了强调so 后的内容,可以把so 连同其修饰的形容词和副词一起提到句首,采纳倒装句结构；如： So tired he was that he went to bed early. 举例试卷上的试题：Never before had anyone been sent to prison for that particular crime. Only In the deep forest could we find out such wonderful plants. 6. 时态英语中时态是确定要考的题型第一我们先讲几个定义tense & aspect: as tense points to the temporal location of an event or a state of affairs, aspect ” reflects the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time.”时和体是两个不同的语法范畴；而体就是由词的组合表达的在形式上时是通过动词的曲折变化构成的,Tense which we can divided into simple present and simple past Aspect which we can divided into progressive aspect 进行体 and perfect aspect（完成体）再次,我们讲几种常见的时态 1现在一般时：一般现在时表示现在常常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态；Eg. The earth moves around the sun. 2现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作；Eg. My sister will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that she is coming today 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思“ today ” 说明这个动作发生在现在,的动作并且可能连续到明天；依据题意得出这个动作是正在进行3现在完成进行时：表示前段有进行的动作,这动作仍在进行,也可能已经停止；eg.By five oclock this evening the spaceship has been travelingeleven times round the world. 当晚上 5 点的时候飞船已经围着地球飞七圈了；此道题就如定义说的第一飞机前面已经飞行七圈说明前段时间在动作,但飞机仍有可能连续飞下去所以用现在完成进行时最正确；类似的有：Have you seen my dictionary anywhere. I have been looking for it since this morning. 4. 过去将来时：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作 或存在的状态；7.Eg. Betty said that she would arrive at the airport till noon. “ said ”说明是过去的时态, noon 说名过去将要发生的动作；过去分词作状语 , 此题也是常考题 此类题的破解点就在于找到正确的规律主语；一般有两种考法：一种是有被动的、一种是主动的被动的： Eg.Having been shown the laboratory, we were taken to visit the workshops 车间. 依据“we were taken to visit the workshops” 显而易见无论是工厂仍是试验室都是被我们参观的所以这里用被动 主动的： Having heard that he had succeeded in designing a new device of laser, we came to congratulate him on his success. 而在这里显而 易见是主动的,由于 听到 有人胜利的消息确定是主动的,不行能被动；8. 反义疑问句（ tag-question） Tag-question normally consists of a statement and a question tag. 反义疑问句通常有陈述句和一般疑问句构成； Which can divided into 2 classification 1You re listening, arent you.positive statement + negative tag 2You re not listening, are you.negative statement + positive tag 我总结了一下反义疑问句出题的思路也是通常简洁错的；1 第一种是有否定词的,如seldom, 反义仍用确定； She seldom leaves the room in winter, does she. 2 其次种是 let s 或者是 let us 这两种反义疑问句有区分 , 但是无论确定仍是否定永久是这样的答案；Let s go out for a walk, shall we . 这种大家都会做 Let us go out for a walk, will you . 3 第三种是有定语从句的类型（这种最简洁错） I believe that he will win, wont he . （千万要记住这种情形）9. worth,worthy ,worth-while 都为 adj. 意为 "值得 " ；1. worth ： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时,表示 " 值得 " 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思be worth doing sth. " 某事值得被做 " The question is not worth discussing again and again. 2. worthy ：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示 " 值得 " be worthy to be done " 某事值得被做 " The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while：be worth-while to do sth " 值得做某事 " It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth. 考试题型有： I don t think the house is worth the price. 10. 以下记住这些词的区分akeep up ：坚持 keep up with ：跟上,于；保持接触keep from ：禁止 如 keep from smoking. bclook through: 看穿、浏览、温习look at:：考虑look out:留神、照管look up: 查阅 如 look up dictionary turn in:上床睡觉turn up:找到、显现如： I waited half an hour for my friend, but he didn t turn up. turn over:反复考虑turn out：证明是,结果是关掉 生产 赶走eg. It has turned out that our nephew is the most suitable person for the job. dcarry out: 发觉carry on:连续eg. Life on earth Is not going to be impossible, but it will have to be carried on in far favorable circumstances. 尽管在这世上生命不行能始终存在,但是生命会在这种良好的条件下延续下去；carry away: 使失去掌握eran into :遭受 The ship ran into a heavy storm shortly after it set off. ran down: 停止衰弱 ran over: 温习 ran through: 匆忙看过11. 辨别这些意思相近的词aaffect & effect the project has affect ：vt. 影响effect ：n. 影响如：Though the long term effect cannot be predicted, been approved by the committee 区分在于词形不同名师归纳总结 2. in case 以防第 4 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思in case of in the case 以防（跟名词短语）在 情形下in any case 无论如何3. be bound to do sth. 肯定要做某事be about to 将要be likely to do 有可能4. valueless 无价值的（不值钱的）priceless 无价的（珍贵的）eg. Be careful, the vase is priceless. 5. somewhere:某处名师归纳总结 anywhere：在任何地方（用于否定句以及疑问句用来代替somewhere）第 5 页,共 5 页6. as a result 作为结果result in 结果导致 +名词- - - - - - -