托福综合写作词汇句型.docx

模 板 素 材一、综合写作常用词汇：1、对材料的指称：听力：the speakerthe lecturer the professor the listening material the lecture the talk 阅读：the writer the author the reading material the writing the passage 2、表示要点间的关系的词与短语：质疑、驳斥关系的词或短语：refute = rebut + n 驳倒, 反驳disprove + n 反驳, 证明.为误deny + n 或 + that 否认，否认challenge sth. 或者challenge sb on sth 置疑(的正确性)question + n 置疑(的正确性或合理性)cast doubt on / raise doubt over + n 疑心 doubt + n 或 + that 疑心 oppose + n 反对 object to = disagree with + n 反对，不赞成 be opposing to / sb be opposed to反对be against反对be contrary 相反be opposite to 相反contradict + n 同.矛盾/抵触be contradictory to同.矛盾/抵触conflict vi 抵触，有分歧A and B conflict 或者A conflict with B be conflicting to抵触，有分歧differ from + n 与.不同支持、强化关系的词或短语：support + n 支持back + n 支持enhance + n增强，强化strengthen + n 加强uphold + n 支持，维护justify + n 为辩护，证明的是正当的3、陈述材料内容的词与短语：sayaccording to the lecture (reading passage) adv. state + that 说; 陈述remark + that 谈起，说make the point that + 从句take the position that + 从句propose + to do / + that 提议，主张maintain + that 主张，认为argue + that 争辩到, 认为indicate + that 说明，指出suggest + that提出，说明mention + n 提及，说起note + n 或 + that 指出，说到claim + that 声称，断言assert + that 断言, 声称formalaffirm + that 断言；肯定 formalcontend + that 声称，主张 formalallege + that 宣称, 断言formalput forward + n 提出point out + that 指出conclude + that 断定4、表示转折关系的词与短语：adv. in contrast / on the contrary / on the other hand/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless / in comparisonconj. while / whereas / although /yet/but5、表示转承的词与短语：first, first of all, the first reason / point second, furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more, in addition, another reason / point， additionally third, finally, in the end 6、其他有用的词汇：basis n. 根据grounds n. 理由，原因 evidence n. 证据proof n. 证据groundless adj. 无根据的，无依据的unwarranted adj. 无根据的，不敢保证的incorrect adj. 不正确的improper adj. 不适宜的，不恰当的inappropriate adj. 不合宜的，不适当的incomplete adj.不完全的，不完整的exemplify + n举例说明illustrate + n / + that举例说明cast light on 使显现given that 考虑到in that 由于, 因为regarding prep. 关于concerning prep.关于with regard / respect to prep. 关于in term(s) of 就而言in light of 就而言on the respect of . 在方面7. 因此As a resultAs a consequenceAccordinglyConsequentlyTherefore,Hence,Thus,Thereby二、综合写作黄金句型：1、首段稍作转换亦可用于中间段n The lecture, which the main idea in the reading that n The professor . On the contrary / in contrast / however, the writer a different / contradictory / opposing idea that n Contrary to / opposed to the belief / idea / point in the passage that , the professor that n The professor the viewpoint showed / suggested / indicated / mentioned / discussed / stated in the passage that by saying that n The evidence / proof / points / opinion given / provided / stated in the passage is groundless / unwarranted / somewhat inappropriate / inaccurate when compared to what is ed in the lecture. The lecture 2、中间段 n The professor made the point that The reading, in contrast, held a view by saying that n As regards to / in terms of , the listening material the reading material. n Another important point in the reading material is that but the listening presents a conflicting / contradictory / opposing / negative / opposite idea that . n The second / third point / reason / evidence in the reading passage is that . Contrary to it is the professors that n Not as the passage puts it / Unlike in the passage, the lecturer .n The passage but it is not the case in the lecture. The professor n The passage while the lecture . This was another part where (the of) the lecture (the in ) the passage (that). n Finally, the professor . that , which the standpoint made by the writer who said that 三、综合写作句型集1、表示要点间的关系The lecturerTotallydisagrees withthe viewmade in the reading.The speakercompletelydeniesthe ideamade in the passage.The professorEntirelychallengesthe statementmade by the author.Thisdirectly contradictswhat the passageindicates., whichdirectly denieswhat the authorstates.Thisdirectly challengeswhat the reading passagebelieves.In the lecture,the speakerhas totally differentideas on the topicmade in the reading.In the lecturethe professorhas completely different ideas on the topicmade in the passageIn the listeningthe lecturerhas entirely different ideas on the topicmade in the reading passage1、表示要点内容与要点间的关系Reading Points whileListening Points The reading passage contends that，but, howeverthe lecturer argues that .According to the reading passage, ; on the other handthe professor in the listening argues thatIn the reading passage, the author believes that ; in contrastthe lecturer holds the opposite opinion and believe thatContrary to the point in the reading that, The speaker states thatDifferent from the opinion in the reading that The professor in the lecture argues thatIn the listening, the professor says thatThis directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because the speaker in the listening argues thatThis point disagrees with statement demonstrated in the reading thatAccording to the lecturer, ，which refutes the point that in the reading.The lecturer believes that ，which casts doubt on the authors point that According to the professor in the lecture，.，which differs from the reading in that the reading states.打造个性化模板模版范例：It is ed in the lecture that, which the passage. According to the passage, First, contrary to / opposite to / opposed to the in the passage that, the professor that The second in the reading / by the author is that however, the lecture . This is another point / part where the lecture the passage. Finally, the author of the passage that . Not as the passage puts it / Unlike in the passage, the lecturer .反驳关联套句1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.2.This is entirely oppose to the writers expectation.3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.5.not as the passage puts it, .6.Unlike described in the passage7.contrary to the passage, /quite the contrary, /quite the opposite,/just the opposite, / by contraries, /on the contrary, /to the contrary, 8.while/whereas the writer states., the lecturer opposes the claim9.actually/in fact/in deed10.The fact is /the point is/it turns out that指代文章信息的抽象名词：1.reason  cause  basis  ground  motive  motivation2.example  instance3.evidence  date  fact  proof  basis  foundation4.explanation  account5.definition  description  clarification6.assumption  premise  hypothesis  guess7.conclusion  belidf  idea  opinion  judgment  view  notion  argument  theory8.issue  matter  topic  problem  subject  concern9.acknowledgement  observation10.statement  point  detail11.advice  appeal  proposal  plan  scheme  recommendation12.benefit  advantage  improvement指代讲座信息的抽象名词1.studies  researches2.finding  discovery3.alternative  explanation  theory4.counter-example  counter-evidence5.claim  assertion6.objection  refutation  charge7.remark  comment第 9 页