雅思小作文总结.doc

雅思小作文总结一、评分标准1任务完成情况：趋势描写，数据支持，不要画蛇添足2关联词大量而准确地使用连贯3词汇4句子构造二、写作要求1客观性 不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。2准确性 数据要求准确不抄错，可以合理目测大概数值。3详尽性 4类特征数据一定介绍：最大值maximum，最小值minimum，穿插点intersection，变化趋势trend。三、作文类型Line graphPie chart Bar chart 70%TableFlow graph/process diagram 20%Others 10%四、解题技巧A. 表格图1横向比拟: 介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化与趋势 2纵向比拟:介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化与趋势 3无需将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值与最小值，比照时要总结出数据比照最悬殊的与最小的说明：考察例举数字的能力与方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。B.线图 1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进展说明 2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进展说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平 3交点说明: 对图表当中多根曲线的交点进展比照说明说明：关键是把握好曲线的走向与趋势，学会general classification,即在第二段的开头局部对整个曲线进展一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据！ C. 饼状图 1介绍各扇面及总体的关系 2各个扇面之间的比拟，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比拟 3重点突出特点最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的D. 柱状图1.比拟: similarity 2.比照: difference)3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征4，有年份的可按照线图的写作方法。E. 流程图1 首先说明：做什么工作的过程，目的是什么 2 准备工作 3 按时间/过程先后描述 4 结果 5简单总结说明：注意流程图里的“因果关系或每一流程的“承前启后关系；表达每一流程的主体内容，说明这种关系；提醒其内在联系或规律；最后，给予简要归纳与总结。F. 实物/器具工作过程 1 实物的名称，功能 2 根本构造 3 工作过程 4 简单总结G. 综合图 1不求甚解，不拘泥于细节2分门别类，分段落详细介绍各个图表 3不画蛇添足，主观臆断或猜想图表之间的关系H地图1.历史变迁图描述不同年份的场景变化，记住实用方位词。并注意按照空间顺序描述。2.选址题描述图中备选地点的地理优缺点。五、写作方法混合图：六、写作模板开头段句式：1.The table/chart/diagram/graph shows (that).2.The figures/statistics show (that).3.The diagram shows/ describes/ illustrates how.4.According to/As (is) shown in the/As can be seen from the table/chart, diagram, graph, figures 5.It can be seen/observed from the/ we can see from the6.It is clear/ apparent from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures (that).三种描述趋势的句式1. There was/is/will be + a/an + 形容词 +变化名词 + in the number/percentage of + 被描述对象 + 时间 e.g. There was a sharp increase/decrease in the number of TV audiences from 12pm to 2 pm.2. The number/percentage of 被描述对象 + 变化动词 + 副词 + 数据 + 时间e.g. The number of TV audiences rose sharply from 6am to 8am. 3. 时间段 + witness/see/experience + a/an + 形容词 + 变化名词 + in the number/percentage of 被描述对象e.g. The period between 10am and 12pm witnesses a moderate growth in the number of people in the station, with the number reaching 280 at midday. The next hours see a dramatic rise in the number again. 描述最高点、最低点1. 被描述对象 + reach its highest point /peak/bottom at + 数据 + 时间e.g. At 4pm, the number reaches its bottom at 100. At 8am, it reached its highest point at 25%.2. peaking at/ bottoming at + 数据 e.g. After that, the number increased sharply until 1998, peaking at 20,700.比拟两个对象The number/percentage of 被描述对象1 + was/is/will be + (much/slightly) + larger/higher/lower/smaller + than + that of 被描述对象2.e.g. The number of business was higher than that for visits to friends and relatives. However, for the rest of the day, the percentage 三个及以上的对象比拟被描述对象 + has/had/will have + the largest/highest/lowest/smallest + number/percentage of + 工程 + in/among 范围e.g. USA had the highest quality of life in the five countries.Other reasons had the smallest percentage in the four reasons. 连接手段1. Then/ from this time onwards/ from then onThere was a rise. Then the number went down.2. After/ beforeThere was a rise, before the number went down.After a rise, there was a decrease, before the number remained stable.3. which was followed by/which led to/which preceded an increase/decrease There was a rise, which was followed by a decrease.4. 上一句最后时间词，when.There was a rise in the number of teachers from数据in年份to数据in年份, when the number went down.5. Again第二次以后的上升/下降There was a rise. Again, the number went down.6. However.then.上升与下降之间There was a rise. However, the number then went down.7、其他关联词：类比、比照、句子衔接However/ compare to/ in contrast/ / similarly/ conversely/ / whileSimilarly/likewiseAs to/ in term of / as for 流程图模板七、各种图表描述考前须知WRITING TASK 1：You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.范文：The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide. The largest consumer was North America, where 30.4 per cent of the total volume was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin America. Europe and Asia purchased 20.5 and 16.4 per cent of the total volume respectively, while Africa and the Middle East remained fairly small consumers at 7 per cent of the total volume of sales.Since 1996, share prices for Coca-Cola have fluctuated. In that year, shares were valued at approximately $35. Between 1996 and 1997, however, prices rose significantly to $70 per share. They dipped a little in mid-1997 and then peaked at $80 per share in mid-98. From then until 2000 their value fell consistently but there was a slight rise in mid-2000.WRITING TASK 1：You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great Britain.Write a report for a university lecture describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.Source: Office for National Statistics on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Study these three sentences and then write three similar sentences about other parts of the chart.1 Women spend over twice as much time doing kitchen tasks as men.2 Men spend 30 minutes a day doing kitchen tasks whereas / while women spend 74 minutes a day.3 Women are more active in the kitchen than men (74 minutes a day for women as opposed to 30 minutes for men).Sample ReportThe chart shows the average number of minutes per day men and women in Great Britain spend on jobs around the house.In total, men spend just over two-and-a-half hours on household tasks whereas women spend slightly lessthan four hours. Women spend more than twice as much time doing kitchen tasks such as cooking and washing up as men (74 minutes for women as opposed to 30 minutes for men. Women are also more active in cleaning the house- it takes 58 minutes of their day compared to / with 13 minutes for men - and childcare, where women put in more than twice as much time as men.On the other hand, men are more active in gardening and pet care, where they spend twice as long as women, and maintenance and DIY, on which they spend 15 minutes more than women. Women account for almost all the time spent on washing and ironing clothes. This takes them 25 minutes, while / whereas men spend just 2 minutes on this task.Overall the figures show that women spend more time on routine domestic chores than men, while / whereas men do more household maintenance, gardening and pet care.WRITING TASK 1：You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The map below shows the development of the village of Ryemouth between 1995 and present.You should write at least 150 words.This report compares how the village of Ryemouth has developed and changed since the year of 1995.As is clearly described in the first picture, Ryemouth was a coastal city which was divided into three parts by two roads. In the southern part, there was a fishing port on the sea, with a fish market located in the north and a coffee shop in the north-east. A block of shops was situated on the opposite side of the marketIn the second picture, the village changed a lot. The fishing port has been removed and the fish market is replaced by apartments. Several restaurants also occupy the place of the shops on the roadside. Moreover, a parking lot is newly built on the east of the hotel. In addition,Overall, based on the brief description above, it is clear that the general layout of the village does not change a lot, while some newly-built facilities and housing has ornamented the small village.WRITING TASK 1：You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevantYou should write at least 150 words.The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pie Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 -1300 . This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.第 11 页