现在进行时语法详解及习题答案.doc
主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/You/They are doing something. I am not driving.He/She/Itisnot working. We/You/They are not doing anything. Are you drivingIs he/she/it workingAre you/they doing something 现在进展时根本用法一现在进展时的肯定肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式:现在进展时:表示现在正在进展的动作,由“be动词 + 动词的现在分词构成。 现在进展时的肯定句句型 1第一人称:主语 + am + 现在分词 + eg. I am watching TV. 我现在看电视。2第三人称单数:主语 + is + 现在分词 + eg. She is washing the dishes. 她正在洗澡。3第二人称及复数人称:主语 + are + 现在分词 + eg. They are playing games.现在进展时的否认句句型 主语 + 相应be动词 + not + 现在分词 + eg. He isn't watching TV. 他没在看电视。I am not cooking. 我没有在做饭。We aren't haveing English calss. 我们没在上英语课。现在进展时的一般疑问句句型 相应be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + ?eg. Are you dancing 他们正在跳舞吗?Is he drawing a picture 他正在画一张画吗?Are you talking with your friend 你正和你的朋友谈话吗?现在进展一般疑问句的答语1肯定答复:Yes, 主语 + 相应be动词。2否认答复:No, 主语 + 相应be动词 + not。eg. Are you listening to the music Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 你正在听音乐吗是的,我正在听不,我没在听。Is Aunt Wang knitting a sweater No, she isn't. 王阿姨正织毛衣吗不,她没有。现在进展时的特殊疑问句句型 特殊疑问词 + 相应be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + ?eg. What are you doing 你正在干什么?Who is singing a song 谁在唱歌呢?Why are they cleaning their room 他们为什么在清扫房间?现在进展时特殊疑问句的答语答复特殊疑问时,根据不同的疑问词的情况来决定答复方式。答复what提问时,答语是现在进展时的肯定形式;答复who提问时,只需说明主语是谁,再加相应的be动词即可。eg. What is he doing He is writing a letter. 他正在干什么?他正在写信。Who is swimming in the lake Jim is. 谁正在湖里游泳?吉姆正在游泳。二现在进展时的用法时间状语:now, these days, recently,at the present现在,at the moment现在,today今天,this week这个星期,this year今年1现在进展时可以表示说话时正在发生的动作,常和 now, right now, at this moment 等时间状语及动词 look 或 listen 等连用,这是现在进展时的“暂时性特征如:They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。Look! They are reading over there under the tree.看他们在那边的树底下看书。2 现在进展时可以表示目前一段时间内一直发生的动作,但是说话时不一定在发生,常和 these days, this week, at present 等时间状语连用,这是现在进展时的“阶段性特征。如:We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。We are preparing for the concert these days.这几天我们一直在为音乐会做准备。3现在进展时常表示一种目前的暂时情况,通常暗示动作还没有完毕。She is writing a book, but I don't know if she has finished it.她正在写一本书,但我不知道她是否写完了。(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进展时。如:Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图那些孩子正在公园放风筝5在口语中表示主语方案将要作的动作。这类情况常与come来,go去, leave离开,depart离开,arrive到达,stay逗留,start开场drive, move, , take, get, stay, fly, finish, return, go off, see off, die, take off等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。Is your brother departing soon 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗?6动词现在进展时常与always搭配使用,表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,隐含说话人的赞扬、喜好或厌恶的情绪。这类情况常与always总是,usually通常,continually不断的,constantly经常的,forever永远、老是等副词连用。The PLA Chinese People's Liberation Army are always / often helping the farmers get in crops in the harvest time.解放军战士常在收割时节帮助农民收割庄稼。表示赞叹My wife is always / constantly / often ordering me to do this or that at home.我的妻子在家里总是吩咐我干这干那。表示厌恶 He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地为她儿子的安康担忧着。 The boy is forever asking questions. 那个男孩老是问问题。 7有的现在进展时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进展时表示问者的关切心情。 How are you feeling today How do you feel today你今天感觉如何? I am looking lookforward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再来。 Why are you lookingdo you lookso sad 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢?8有的动词用于现在进展时表示“逐渐的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外,一般不和其他时间副词连用的。 Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。 The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。 The war is ending. 战争接近尾声了。 Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿,我的晚饭就要吃完了。 适合于此种用法的动词有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成,begin开场,forget忘记,remember记得,die死,finish完成,find发现,rise增强等.9“be动词的现在进展时。“be动词用于现在进展时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。 He is being foolish. 他在装傻。 He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实。 She is being rude. 她成心表现粗鲁。 I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。 适合于此种用法的有:foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful细心的,patient耐心的,lazy懒惰的,silly傻的,rude粗鲁的,polite礼貌的,impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。“be动词用于现在进展时表示人的行为,纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时,“be动词不能用于现在进展时如: I am happy.表语是纯粹的心理状态,不可用am being 我很快乐。 He's tired.表语是纯粹的生理状态,不可用is being 他很疲倦。 It's hot today.主语不是人,不可用is being 今天很热。 常和现在进展时连用的时间状语三并非英语中所有的动词都有进展时态。 1. 表示心理状态、情态的动词如 love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, understand, know, forget, remember, believe, want, mind, agree, wish, recognize, mean, need 等,它们只能用于一般时态。如: We love our great motherland. 我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。 2. 感官动词如 see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look 等一般不用进展时态。它们通常用一般时态,表示主语的一种无意识的行为,指主语所具有的能力。如果用进展时态,那么表示主语的一种有意识的行为。试比拟: I can smell something burning. 我闻到有东西烧焦了。 I am smelling the flower. 我在闻这朵花。 注意:如果感官动词的主语是表示物的词语,那么只能用于一般时态,表示主语所具有的特点或特征。如: The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 3. 表示存在及状态的延续性动词。如 lie, stand, exist, be, remain 等一般不用于进展时态。如: How do things stand at the moment目前事情的状况如何? Does life exist on Mars 火星上有生命吗? 但当这些动词表示暂时性的动作或表示瞬间动作或延续性动作的意义时,可用于进展时。如: Don't talk rubbish. I'm being serious. 别瞎说,我在说正经的呢。 四动词的现在分词形式构成方法 一般动词原形结尾.直接在词尾加ing,如:playing,listening,cleaning等等重读闭音节单词,末尾以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的,双写辅音字母加ing,如:getting,beginning,putting,stopping,sitting,cutting,running,shopping,swimming,setting以不发音的字母e结尾,having,coming,writing,taking,making,arriving,living,hoping五易错点1、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例:1、They are swiming.(swim)2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.答案:1.swimming 2 .playing解析:动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变. “一添指双写规那么;“一去指去掉不发音字母e规那么;“y不变指要与名词变复数区分开。2、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例:1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.2 、Li Mingisnt read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案:1 are flying 2 isnt reading解析:现在进展时肯定句的构造规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可。这一点必须牢记。3、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例:1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线局部提问)What are the students in the room答案:What are the students doing in the room解析:现在进展时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它或简写为“What.doing.句式。4、现在进展时态的选择疑问句中易无视or后用现在分词形式例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?Are the children running or jump答案:Are the children running or jumping解析: or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。六练习题填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed. 2、What _you_(do) these days3、 _he _(clean) the classroom 4、 Who_(sing)in the next room5The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.6._you_(fly) a kiteYes,_7_she_(sit) in the boat8_you_(ask) questions按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketbal否认句:一般疑问句:肯定答复:否认答复“ The boy提问造句1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进展时连词成句.She is opening the window now.2).is,who,the window,cleaning(连词成句) Who is cleaning the window4.)You are doing your homework.(用"I"作主语改写句子) I am doing your homework5).they,the tree,sing,now,under.(用现在进展时连词成句.) They are singing under the tree now.6).The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑问句) Are the Young Pioneers helping the old woman 选择 1. I don't really work here. I _ until new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change以上两道高考题均是在考察现在进展时的用法。第 1 题句意为“我并不是在这里工作,我只是在帮助,直到新秘书到任,正确答案为 C 项;第 2 题句意为“因为目前技术变化很快,要挑选一部私人手机是一件不容易的事,正确答案为 A 项。