被动语态的结构及用法.doc
教学过程被动语态的构造及用法Step 1 Warm-up: Review 复习一、Review the past participle forms of the verbs1、规那么动词过去分词的构成：(1)一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d 如liked(2)以“辅音字母+y，y i+ed 如study studied(3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed如stopped，planned2、 特殊变化：课本附录Step 2 Presentation:呈现一、语态概述：略讲1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，分为主动语态与被动语态两种。2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom.3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us.二、被动语态的构成：略被动语态的根本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)。be 本身无词义，但有时态、人称与数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。1、 现在：（1） 一般现在时 am/is/are + done（2） 现在进展时 am/is/are + being done（3） 现在完成时 have/has + been done2、 过去：（1） 一般过去时 was/were + done（2） 过去进展时 was/were + being done3、 将来：一般将来时 shall/will + be done三、 被动语态句式：略（1） 肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by) The cars are made by them.（2） 否认：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by) The cars are not made by them.（3） 一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by) Are the cars made by them（4） 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by)四、 被动语态的用法：1、 强调动作的承受者 eg. Her bike is stolen.2、 淡化动作的执行者没有说明、没必要指出、不知道Eg. This coat is made of cotton. 这件大衣是棉制的。3、 动作的承受者是谈话的中心 eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight.Step 3 Consolidation:稳固五、 主动与被动的转换：时态不变A. 主动中的宾语 被动语态的主语B. 谓语变成被动构造be过去分词C. 主动中的主语 被动语态的宾语介词by之后，主格宾格Eg. He cut down a tree. A tree was cut down by him.1、 S+V+O(1) 主动句为带no的否认句，被动句常用no，neither，never等Eg. No one has ever beaten her at tennis.She has never been beaten at tennis.(2) 主动句为带any构成不定代词的否认句，被动句常用noEg. We didn't notice anything special in his work. Nothing special was noticed in his work.2、S+V+O1+O21主动句的间接宾语/直接宾语 被动句的主语Eg. They gave the children many good books. The children were given many good books. Many good books were given to the children.（2） 只能主动句的直接宾语 被动句的主语Eg. She wrote Jim a letter. A letter was written to Jim.（3） 宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语Eg. She told me when the film started. I was told when the film started.六、 被动语态的考前须知：1、 by短语省略的几种情况：（1） 无法确定动作执行者 eg. The Great Wall was built thousands years ago.（2） 泛指动作执行者 eg. Children should be given a good living.（3） 不愿说出动作执行者 （4） 前后文对执行者已有暗示 eg. Your homework should be handed in early tomorrow.2、主、被动转化,被保存的间接宾语前复原介词toforof (give, send, take, bring, get等)3、在被动语态中，感官动词与使役动词后面的不定式要带to (听hear, 观see/watch, 使make, 让let, 帮help)4、没有被动语态的词：happen, rise, fit, turn, taste, sound, smell等Step 4 Practice:练习1. More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world now.改为被动语态2. Today Chinese _(teach) in many schools around the world.3. Rice is grown in the south by them.改为主动句4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _(regard) as "People Writer".5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give6. That's a nice watch! Is it _ in ChinaA make B making C made D makes7. His grandma _ for two years.A was died B has been dead C was dead D has died8. The medicine _ cool, clean and dry.A must keep B must be kept C must be carried D must be in9. The lost boy _ early this morning.A found B was founded C was found D had found10. The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty.A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwingC stop to throw D stop from throwing11. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed _.A had produced B have been produced C would have produced D had been produced板书设计被动语态的构成：被动语态的根本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)。be 本身无词义，但有时态、人称与数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。1、现在：1一般现在时 am/is/are + done2现在进展时 am/is/are + being done3现在完成时 have/has + been done2、过去：1一般过去时 was/were + done2过去进展时 was/were + being done3、将来：一般将来时 shall/will + be done被动语态句式：1肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by) The cars are made by them.2否认：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by) The cars are not made by them.3一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by) Are the cars made by them4含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by)教学反思第 页
