动词的非谓语形式NonfiniteVerb教学课件.ppt

动词的非谓语形式NonfiniteVerb教学课件 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望非谓语动词非谓语动词分类分类不定式不定式todo现在分词现在分词doing过去分词过去分词done2010高考真题高考真题1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_fromthelibrary.2.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowed3.C.borrowedD.borrowing2.WithFathersDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought3.Ihavealotofreadings_beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted4.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready_foramealtobecooked.A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaid5.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause6.Ihadgreatdifficulty_thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding7.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues_withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused8._thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached9.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine_theoveruseofwaterinstudentsbathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce10._atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked一一.不定式不定式todo的用法的用法What are their functions?1.To finish the work in ten minutes is difficult.2.He wants to go abroad.3.My dream is to become a singer.4.Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt.5.I have some clothes to wash.6.He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.（主语）（主语）（宾语）（宾语）（表语）（表语）（宾补）（宾补）（定语）（定语）（状语）（状语）Summary:to do在句中所作的成份在句中所作的成份_主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语I不定式做主语：不定式做主语：Tobeherewithyouisapleasureforme.=Itisapleasureformetobeherewithyou.不定式做主语可直接放于句首，但很多情况下，用不定式做主语可直接放于句首，但很多情况下，用it做形式主语（尤其在疑问句和感叹句中）做形式主语（尤其在疑问句和感叹句中）基本句式：基本句式：（1）Itis+adj.+todosth.Adj.:right,wrong,necessary,good,easy,hard,impossible.ItisnecessarytoworkhardatEnglish.（2）Itis+n+todosth.N.apleasure/agoodidea/myadvice/bad(good)manners/amistake/agreathonor/apity/onesduty/ashame.Itismydutytoteachyouhowtobeagoodstudent.(3)It+be+adj+ofsb+todosth.It+be+adj+forsb+todosth.常用常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。可作其逻辑主语。(4)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime/sth.+todoItrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.1.(20052005天津卷)Idontwant_likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.(2006北京卷)Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostopTheywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.togettobetogotodancetogive2.不定式做宾语：不定式做宾语：A.有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：determine/decide,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten,fail,demand,like,hate,begin,seem,forget,remember,prepare,prefer,intend,etc.口诀：口诀：决心学会想希望，决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮同意请求帮一帮havenochoicebuttodo=havenothingtodobutdo=candonothingbutdo(有有do无无to)B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explaintellsbwhattodoC.用用it作形式宾语作形式宾语如：如：S+think/feel/believe/consider等等+it+adj+todo1.(2007北京卷)Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?Justaminute.IllhaveBob_youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing2.(2008上海卷)Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_theirhomes.A.leavingB.toleaveC.tobeleftD.beingleft3.3.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语:1).带带to做宾补的动词做宾补的动词:即即动词动词/动词词组动词词组+sb+todo:ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,cause,encourage,forbid,intend,prefer,require,remind,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg,persuade,callon,dependon2)不带不带to的不定式：（主动不带的不定式：（主动不带to，被动还原，被动还原to）lookat,see,watch,notice,observe,make,let,have,listento,hear,feel口诀：口诀：吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉译：号召全世界的劳动人民团结起来。译：号召全世界的劳动人民团结起来。Thelaboringpeopleoftheworldarecalledontounite.4.4.不定式作表语：不定式作表语：不定式作表语：不定式作表语：A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。HeisHeistomarryRosetomarryRose.B.B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。Herwishwastobecomeanartist.C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.SheisSheistoblametoblame.Whathewantstodois_(buy)acar.buy/tobuy1.(2008上海卷)Iftheresalotofwork_,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing 2.(2007全国卷I)Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving HehasgotHehasgotlotsofquestions_lotsofquestions_.toasktoaskCharlesLindberghisCharlesLindberghisthefirstmanthefirstman_theAtlantictheAtlanticalonealone.toflytoflyShehasShehasagoodchanceagoodchance_tocollege.tocollege.togotogoThereisThereisnothingnothing to_(worry)to_(worry).worryaboutworryaboutIneedIneedapenapen to_(write)to_(write).HeislookingforHeislookingforaroomaroom to_(live).to_(live).writewrite withwithliveinlivein5.不定式做定语不定式做定语:A.A.一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后与被修饰的名词或与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。Thefuturetogreetuswillbebright.OnSundays,healwayshasalotofletterstowrite.Westudentsshouldhavethecouragetofaceanydifficulty.注意注意注意注意:1.1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不而这个不而这个不而这个不定式又是不及物动词定式又是不及物动词定式又是不及物动词定式又是不及物动词,它后面应有必要的它后面应有必要的它后面应有必要的它后面应有必要的介词介词介词介词。2.2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的的的的地点地点地点地点或所使用的或所使用的或所使用的或所使用的工具工具工具工具时时时时,它后面要带上必要的它后面要带上必要的它后面要带上必要的它后面要带上必要的介词介词介词介词。B.用来修饰被用来修饰被序数词、最高级序数词、最高级或或no,all,any等限定等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.（主谓关系）（主谓关系）C.被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability,chance,idea,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等等DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?(同位关系）同位关系）ThebesttimetovisitRiodeJaneiroisinJuneandJuly1.(2008北京卷北京卷)Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding2.(2007上海春上海春)_thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecitysgassupplysystemthoroughly.AToensureBEnsuringCHavingensured.DTohaveensured3.(2006广东卷广东卷)_thiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.Make C.Tomake D.Making4.(2006陕西卷陕西卷)Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetold C.tellingD.told1)1)不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语TimsatnearthefireTimsatnearthefiretogetwarmtogetwarm.TheathletespractisedhardTheathletespractisedhardtowinthematchtowinthematch.强调强调强调强调作目的状语的不定式作目的状语的不定式作目的状语的不定式作目的状语的不定式,常用常用常用常用inorder(not)inorder(not)toto，soas(not)tosoas(not)to短语短语短语短语.前者可放在句首前者可放在句首前者可放在句首前者可放在句首,也可放在句也可放在句也可放在句也可放在句中中中中;后者只能放在句中。后者只能放在句中。后者只能放在句中。后者只能放在句中。6.6.不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语2).2).不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语作结果状语的不定式作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中。如常用于一些固定搭配中。如常用于一些固定搭配中。如常用于一些固定搭配中。如:tootoototo,enoughtoenoughto，sufficienttosufficientto，onlytoonlyto，nevernevertoto，so+so+形容词形容词形容词形容词/副词副词副词副词+asto+asto,such+such+名词名词名词名词+asto+astododo引导。引导。引导。引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinsideItriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.3 3）某些形容词作表语，表示喜怒哀乐，后跟不定式）某些形容词作表语，表示喜怒哀乐，后跟不定式）某些形容词作表语，表示喜怒哀乐，后跟不定式）某些形容词作表语，表示喜怒哀乐，后跟不定式做原因状语做原因状语做原因状语做原因状语IamsorryIamsorry tohearaboutyourfailureinbusiness.tohearaboutyourfailureinbusiness.7.用作独立成分的不定式用作独立成分的不定式Tobehonest,wearenotsuretofindthegirlintheforest.Heisveryhonest,tobeginwith.必背必背totellyouthetruth说老实话说老实话tobeginwith首先首先tosaynothingof姑且不说姑且不说sotospeak可以这可以这么说么说tobesure诚然，固然诚然，固然tobeexact精精确地说确地说todohimjustice说句对他公道的话说句对他公道的话tomakealongstoryshort长话短说长话短说tobefrank坦率地说坦率地说tobebrief简言之简言之toconclude总而言之总而言之Complete the sentences 1.我决定再学一门外语我决定再学一门外语。I decide _ a second foreign language.2.明天将要讨论的问题是一个很重要的问题。明天将要讨论的问题是一个很重要的问题。The question _ tomorrow is a very important one.3.据报道他已经出国了。据报道他已经出国了。He is reported _.4.他假装正在睡觉。他假装正在睡觉。He pretended _.5.据说小偷已经被警方抓捕。据说小偷已经被警方抓捕。The thief is said _ _.to learnto be discussedto have gone abroadto be sleepingto have been caught by the police8.不定式的主要形式不定式的主要形式主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式todotobedonetobedoing/tohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing/1.不定式的一般式不定式的一般式todo表示不定式动作在谓语动词的表示不定式动作在谓语动词的动作动作之后之后Iwanttohaveaholidayassoonaspossible.2.不定式的进行式不定式的进行式tobedoing表示不定式的动作与谓语表示不定式的动作与谓语动词表示的动作动词表示的动作同步进行同步进行。Theypretendedtobestudyingwhentheteachercamein.3.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式tohavedone表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作表示的动作前已完成前已完成Heseemedtohaveknownthetruthalready.S+issaid/thought/seemtodo/tohavedone1.(2007辽宁卷辽宁卷)ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break2.(2005江苏卷江苏卷)IsBobstillperforming?Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft3.(2006湖北卷湖北卷)AIDSissaid_thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen1.Withoutanything_(eat),hediedofhunger.toeat2.IgaveTomsomebooks_(read).toread3.Doyouhaveanything_(say)onthisquestion?tosay4.Heishard_.A.totalkB.totalktoC.talkingD.talkingto9.用主动式表示被动含义的不定式用主动式表示被动含义的不定式1.with/without+名词名词+不定式结构不定式结构Withsomuchworktodo,Ishallnotbeabletogotothecinemawithyou.2.sbhavesthtodoIhavegotalettertowrite.3.Therebe+sth+todo说话人考虑必须有人去完成说话人考虑必须有人去完成某件事某件事Thereisnothingtoworryabout.当不定式和他前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上当不定式和他前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，的动宾关系，又和该句主语又和该句主语(有时是宾语有时是宾语)构成逻辑上构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式不定式常用主动形式4.S+be+adj+todo说明主语的说明主语的特性特性Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.比较比较Shehastwoletterstotype.Shehastwoletterstobetyped.10.不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式在不定式的标志不定式的否定形式在不定式的标志to前加前加not或或never等否定词构成等否定词构成Motherwarnshimnevertoplayinthestreet.Pleaseremembernottoarrivewithinhalfanhour.她有两封信要打。她有两封信要打。(自己打自己打)她有两封信要打。她有两封信要打。(别人打别人打)11.不定式的省略不定式的省略当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略动词原当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略动词原形保留不定式符号形保留不定式符号to，但当，但当to后是后是be或或have时，时，则要保留到则要保留到be或或have-Doyouwanttogiveatalkonthatsubject?-IprefernottoHedidntcome,butheoughttohave.二二现在分词现在分词doing的用法的用法What are their functions?1.Seeing is believing.2.We dont allow smoking in the hall.3.At that time,I found him crying in the street.4.I have never seen a more moving movie.5.Working harder,you will pass the entrance exam.（主语（主语,表语）表语）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）（定语）（定语）（状语）（状语）Summary:doing在句中所作的成分在句中所作的成分_主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语1.1.现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词doingdoing作主语作主语作主语作主语Hiscomingwillbeofgreathelptous.ItsnouseItsnousewaitinghere.waitinghere.动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语,也可用也可用也可用也可用itit作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语.但只限于下面句型但只限于下面句型但只限于下面句型但只限于下面句型:1）Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名词等名词+doing结构中作主语，结构中作主语，it为形式主语。为形式主语。2）Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形等形容词容词+doing结构中作主语。结构中作主语。Itisawasteoftimewritingtohim;heneveranswersletters.译：你给他写信就是浪费时间，他从来都不回信的。译：你给他写信就是浪费时间，他从来都不回信的。1.(2007江苏卷江苏卷)CanIsmokehere?Sorry.Wedontallow_here.A.peoplesmoking B.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking2.(2007辽宁卷辽宁卷)Youcantimaginewhatdifficultywehad_homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.walkingD.towalk3.(2008江苏卷江苏卷)Theyarequiet,arentthey?Yes.Theyareaccustomed_atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking4.(2006重庆卷重庆卷)Isntittimeyougotdownto_thepapers.A.markB.bemarkedC.markingD.beingmarked2.2.现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词doingdoing做宾语：做宾语：1).1).下列动词后只能接动名词下列动词后只能接动名词下列动词后只能接动名词下列动词后只能接动名词做宾语做宾语：consider,consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon,pardon,admit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/miss,keep/keepon,practice,keepon,practice,deny,finish,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imagine,imagine,risk,canthelp,mind,permit/allow,canthelp,mind,permit/allow,escape,requireescape,require口诀：口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险，禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。不禁介意准逃亡。2)词组后接词组后接doing作宾语：（作宾语：（to为介词为介词devoteto,beusedto,lookforwardto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,leadto,insiston,bebusyin,havedifficulty/trouble/problemin,haveagood/hardtimein,feellike,godoing,come/gonearto几乎要几乎要,accordingto,addto,asto,cometo（谈到）（谈到）,dueto,feelupto（能胜任）（能胜任）,objectto,respondto,admitto,inadditionto,nextto,owingto（由于）（由于）3).在一些动词后既可接动名词作宾语，也可接动词不在一些动词后既可接动名词作宾语，也可接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：如：定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：如：forget,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,try，goon,canthelptododoingremembertododoingregrettododoingstoptododoingtododoingtododoinggoontododoingcanthelptododoing(一记，二忘，三遗憾，四试，五图，六停止一记，二忘，三遗憾，四试，五图，六停止)meanforgettry4).need,want,require后接动名词主动表被动，或接后接动名词主动表被动，或接动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式tobedone.need/want/requiredoingsbtodobeworth+名词名词/doingtobedone.beworthyof+名词名词beingdoneThefilmiswellworthseeingforasecondtime.Thewindowsneedpaintingagaintobepaintedagain.译：这些窗户需要重新粉刷。译：这些窗户需要重新粉刷。3.3.现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词doingdoing作表语作表语作表语作表语现在现在分词作表语起形容词作用分词作表语起形容词作用分词作表语起形容词作用分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语的特征及主语说明主语的特征及主语说明主语的特征及主语说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能。常译为所具备的动作功能。常译为所具备的动作功能。常译为所具备的动作功能。常译为”使使使使(令令令令)怎样怎样怎样怎样.”.”如如如如:ThenewsThenewsisisveryverydisappointingdisappointing.HisstoryHisstoryis isveryverymovingmoving.(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting.)(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting.)1.(2006上海春上海春)Therearehundredsofvisitor_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.A.waitedB.towait C.waitingD.wait2.(2006辽宁卷辽宁卷)Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_Chineseintheschool,most_werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom4.4.现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词doingdoing作定语作定语作定语作定语asleepingcar=acarforsleeping1).doing做前置定语，可表示所修饰的词的用途或目做前置定语，可表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用的，可用for改写改写asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping2）现在分词做定语）现在分词做定语它与所修饰的名词构成它与所修饰的名词构成它与所修饰的名词构成它与所修饰的名词构成 主谓关系主谓关系主谓关系主谓关系,可用定从改，说明名词的动作状态可用定从改，说明名词的动作状态IdontknowIdontknowthemantheman writingsomethingwritingsomethingoverthere.overthere.=Idontknow=Idontknowthemantheman whoiswritingsomethingwhoiswritingsomething overthereoverthere.aswimmingpool/waitingroom1.(2007江苏卷江苏卷)Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_inhislectures.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest3.(2006四川卷四川卷)Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty.Yes.Iveneverbeento_onebefore.A.amoreexcitedB.themostexcitedC.amoreexcitingD.themostexciting4）情感类使动词的现在分词形式用来说明事物或人）情感类使动词的现在分词形式用来说明事物或人的特征或性质，常修饰说明表示物的名词的特征或性质，常修饰说明表示物的名词1.(2008上海卷上海卷)Mysister,aninexpensiverider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle_tobalanceit.A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried2.(2007全国卷全国卷I)Ismellsomething_inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt3.(2007上海卷上海卷)Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.A.callingB.called C.beingcalledD.tocall5.现在分词现在分词doingdoing作宾语补足语作宾语补足语see,hear,smell,feel,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,等表示感觉的动词及等表示感觉的动词及catch，find，现在分词的，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。see+sb+dosee+sb+doingsee+sth+beingdonesee+sth+done注意区分不定式做宾补和过去分词做宾补注意区分不定式做宾补和过去分词做宾补have,keep,get,set,send,leave等表示等表示“致使致使”等意义等意义的动词。的动词。+sbdoing+sthundone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched等等+sbtodo+sthtobedoneleave留下某人去做留下某人去做让某人一直做让某人一直做havesthdone=getsthdonehavesbdoinggetsbdoinghavesbdogetsbtodo使某人开始做使某人开始做注：注：let,make后后不能不能接接doing做宾补做宾补letsbdoletsthbedoneLettheworkbedoneimmediately.makesbdomakest