2022年高中英语语法总结大纲.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档高中英语语法总结大纲高中英语语法归纳总结目录 : 第 01 章 名词性从句第 02 章 “ It ” 用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第 03 章 高中英语语法中的省略现象第 04 章 主谓一样第 05 章 动词不定式第 06 章 倒装结构第 07 章 定语从句第 08 章 被动语态第 09 章 祈使句第 10 章 感叹句第 11 章 疑问句第 12 章 名词第一章 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真惋惜；not. b It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or 我对你胜利与否不感爱好；c It is in the morning that the murder took place. 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创1 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档谋杀案是在早上发生的； d It is John that broke the window. 是 John 打碎的窗户；2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 It is 名词 从句It is a fact that . 事实是 . It is an honor that . 特别荣幸It is common knowledge that . 是常识 It is 形容词 从句It is natural that. 很自然 . It is strange that. 古怪的是 . It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that. 好像 . It happened that. 碰巧 . It appears that. 好像 . It 过去分词 从句It is reported that. 据报道 . It has been proved that. 已证明 . It is said that. 据说 . 3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；It is said /reported. 例如：结构中的主语从句不行提前；2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创2 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. 如：It happens/occurs. 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错 误 表 达 ： That he failed occurred to him. in the examination It doesnt matter how/whether .结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. 错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely. 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分独家原创2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作3 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语宾语表语,而that 就不然；例如：a What you said yesterday is right. b That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 或介词之后；1. 作动词的宾语由 that 引导的宾语从句 , 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了；由 what, whether 引导的宾语从句,例如：a She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么；b I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记；动词间接宾语宾语从句；例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请；2. 作介词的宾语,例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的胜利取决于我们之间的合作；2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创4 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档3. 作形容词的宾语,例如：I am afraid Ive made a mistake. 我唯恐我已经犯了一个错误；留意： that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句；4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语,仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句就放在句尾,特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了；5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用 that 引导的宾语从句；如：正确表达： I admire their winning the match. 错误表达： I admire that they won the match. 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创5 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档6. 不行用 that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于“ 动词间接宾语that 从句“ 结构中,常见的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等；例如：正确表达： He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移如 主 句 谓 语 动 词 为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式； 例如： I don t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“ 主语连系动词表语从句” ；可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等；引导表语从句的 that 常可省略； 另外,常用的仍有 the reason is that. 和 It is because 等结构；例如：1 The question is whether we can make good 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创6 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档preparation in such a short time. 2 This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4 The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句；1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内 容,一般由 that 引导,例如：s decision that the prisoner would 1 The kingbe set free surprised all the people. 2 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开；例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创 7 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分,而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分；定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特点；同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明；例如：1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 高一英语名词性从句专项练习目录 : 第 01 章 名词性从句第 02 章 “ It ” 用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第 03 章 高中英语语法中的省略现象第 04 章 主谓一样第 05 章 动词不定式第 06 章 倒装结构第 07 章 定语从句第 08 章 被动语态第 09 章 祈使句第 10 章 感叹句2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创8 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档第 11 章 疑问句第 12 章 名词第一章 名词性从句词词组 , 一 主语从句it 1. It It itthat；who/whom 你不去看那场电影真惋惜；b It doesn我对你胜利与否不感爱好；谋杀案是在早上发生的；是John 打碎的窗户；2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 It is 名词 从句It is a fact that . 事实是 . It is an honor that . 特别荣幸It is common knowledge that . 是常识 It is 形容词 从句It is natural that. 很自然 . It is strange that. 古怪的是 . It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that. 好像 . It happened that. 碰巧 . 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创9 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档It appears that. 好像 . It 过去分词 从句It is reported that. 据报道 . It has been proved that. 已证明 . It is said that. 据说 . 3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；It is said /reported. 例如：正确表达：错误表达：It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；正确表达：错误表达：It doesnt matter how/whether 正确表达： It doesn错误表达： ,而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分；定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特将出国；）高一英语名词性从句专项练习1_he does has nothing to do with me. 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创10 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档A. whatever B. No matter what D. If 2. 3. A. there C. where 6. A. where he has gone C. which place has he gone 7. which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leaveB. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave 9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; thatB. It; thatC. there; whether D. It; whether 10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if 11. Is _he said really true. A. that B. what C. whyD. whether 12._the meeting should last two days or three t matter. days doesn A. That B. Whether C. IfD. Where 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创 11 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. whileB. if C. that D. for 14. ._more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. WhetherB. ThisC. whoD. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. ThatC. WhetherD. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How 17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; thatC. what; that D. That ; what A. WhatB. ItC. All that 19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believedB. think C. say A. What B. That C. How Keys: 15 ABABC 6 11 15 BBCAB 16 其次章“ It” It ”难点,又是近几年高考的热点,it 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创 12 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档一、 It : 前文中的 this, 指代时间、天气、气 二、 It 词置于句尾；It1. that ；替代前文中的内容；指代一位此 处adj. easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous例 It is illegal to drive a car without a license. It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处 adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 It s kind of you to help me with the problem. It 替代作主语的动名词的常见句型It s no good/use doing2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创13 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档高中英语语法权威解析目录 : 第 01 章 名词性从句第 02 章 “ It ” 用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解第 03 章 高中英语语法中的省略现象第 04 章 主谓一样第 05 章 动词不定式第 06 章 倒装结构第 07 章 定语从句第 08 章 被动语态第 09 章 祈使句第 10 章 感叹句第 11 章 疑问句第 12 章 名词第一章 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真惋惜；not. b It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or 我对你胜利与否不感爱好；c It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的； d It is John that broke the 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档window. 是 John 打碎的窗户；2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 It is 名词 从句It is a fact that . 事实是 . It is an honor that . 特别荣幸It is common knowledge that . 是常识 It is 形容词 从句It is natural that. 很自然 . It is strange that. 古怪的是 . It is 不及物动词 从句It seems that. 好像 . It happened that. 碰巧 . It appears that. 好像 . It 过去分词 从句It is reported that. 据报道 . It has been proved that. 已证明 . It is said that. 据说 . 3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；It is said /reported. 例如：结构中的主语从句不行提前；正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will 独家原创2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作15 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. 如：It happens/occurs. 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错 误 表 达 ： That he failed occurred to him. in the examination It doesnt matter how/whether .结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. 错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely. 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创 16 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档如主语宾语表语,而that 就不然；例如：a What you said yesterday is right. b That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 或介词之后；1. 作动词的宾语 由 that 引导的宾语从句 , 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了；由 what, whether 引导的宾语从句,例如：a She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么；b I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记；动词间接宾语宾语从句；例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请；2. 作介词的宾语,例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的胜利取决于我们之间的合作；3. 作形容词的宾语,例如：I am afraid Ive made a mistake. 我唯恐我已经2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创17 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档犯了一个错误；留意： that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句；4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语,仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句就放在句尾,特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了；5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用 that 引导的宾语从句；如：正确表达： I admire their winning the match. 错误表达： I admire that they won the match. 6. 不行用 that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于“ 动词间接宾语that 从句“ 结2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创18 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档构中,常见的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等；例 如：正确表达： He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移如 主 句 谓 语 动 词 为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式；例如：I don t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“ 主语连系动词表语从句” ；可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等；引导表语从句的 that 常可省略； 另外,常用的仍有 the reason is that. 和 It is because 等结构；例如：1 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2022 全新精品资料 -全新公文范文 -全程指导写作独家原创19 / 24名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 24 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品文档2 This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4 The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的
