2022年高考英语短文改错考点分类解析.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高考英语短文改错考点解析：冠词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零 冠词的用法区分（包括 a 与 an 的区分）；其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛 指时,其前漏用不定冠词；另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点；二、真题单句归纳（1） After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. 开头）（全国卷）（a 改为 an,因 hour 读音以元音（2） I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. （the 改为 a,因此处并非特指,而是泛指）（全国卷）（2） Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. （去掉 the,因这里的 books 表泛指,不表特指）（全国卷）（3） Good health is persons most valuable possession. （persons 前加 a,这里的 a 表泛指） （全国卷）（4） Modern people know more about the health , have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. （去掉the,因 health 表泛指）（全国卷）a,因这里的public （5） There is public library in every town in Britain. （ public library 前加library 是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用a） （全国卷）（6） Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. （a 改为 the,因从含义上看,此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的）（全国卷）（7） Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a American family. （a 改为 an,因American 的读音以元音开头）（全国卷）（8） Each player must obey captain , who is the leader of the team. （captain 前加冠词 the,captain 为特指）（全国卷）（9） Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. （the 改为 one,one 与下一行的 another 构成 “一个 另一个 ” ） （全国卷）（10） I ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. （wonderful 前加 a,该表达与 have a good time 类似,其中的 a 不行省）（北京春季卷）（11） Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. （去掉 a, catch sight of 是习语,意为 “观察、瞥见 ”） （全国卷）名师归纳总结 （12） For example, when I was a child , the rain was a mystery（秘密）；（去掉the,第 1 页,共 38 页rain 在此泛指）（北京春季卷）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （13） We may be one family and live under a same roof. （ a 改为 the,因 same 前应用定冠词）（全国卷）（14） As everyone knows , it s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.（在famous 前加 a,留意mountain 是单数可数名词）（全国卷）（15） My teacher advised me to keep my diary. （my diary 改为“ 写日记 ” ） （全国卷）a diary,keep a diary 意为（16） When I was boy , the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. （boy 前 加 a,因 boy 为可数名词）（江苏卷）（16） On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. （a 改为 the,因这不是泛指的周末,而是特指本周周末）（四川卷）（17） And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. （lifetime 前加 a,指人的一生是 a lifetime ） （浙江卷）（18） Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. （fire 前加 the,因这是特指 的一场火灾）（福建卷）（19） As we all left home at early age , （early 前加 an,at an early age 意为 “ 在年幼时 ” ）（天津卷）（20） My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. （cooker 改为 cook,比较： cook=炊事员, cooker=炊具）（江苏卷）三、模拟单句演练（1） Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital. （2） It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much. （3） It was raining hard , so I had to borrow a umbrella. （4） My friend Mary comes from an European country. （5） Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer. （6） In small village like this , everybody knows everybody else. （7） Only few of the children can read such books. （8） For long time neither of us spoke to each other. （9） Look , a girl in blue is my cousin. （10） Look ！ A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful. （11） She asked whether we came from a same city. （12） The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round. 名师归纳总结 （13） You dont know what wonderful time weve had.第 2 页,共 38 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （14） People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes. （15） Soon the plane was out of the sight.（16） Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978. （17） In the word , he is a good student and all of us like him. （18） You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words, you stole it. 参考答案（1） nurse 前加 a,因 nurse 为可数名词；（2） such 后加 a,dinner 受形容词修饰时,其前通常要加不定冠词；（3） a 改为 an,因 umbrella 的读音以元音开头；（4） an 改为 a,因 European 的读音不是以元音开头；（5） physics 前加 a,因 teacher 为可数名词；（6） small 前加 a,因 village 为可数名词,在句中表泛指；（7） few 前加 a,因其前有 only 修饰,即习惯上说 only a few. （8） long 前加 a,a long time 意为 “ 很长一段时间 ”；（9） a 改为 the,此处为特指用法；（10） 其次个 A 改为 The,特指前面已提到的事物；（11） a 改为 the,因 same 前习惯上用定冠词,不用不定冠词；（12） 去掉 the,在此 snow 为泛指用法；（13） wonderful 前加 a,因have a wonderful time 为习惯表达；（14） 去掉 the,因 make fun of 为习语,意为 “取笑 ”；（15） 去掉 the,因 out of sight 为习语,意为 “看不见 ” ；（16） 去掉 the,因 take place 为习语,意为 “发生 ”；（17） the 改为 a,因 in a word 为习语,意为 “总之 ” 、“ 一句话 ”；（18） 去掉 the,因 in other words 为习语,意为 “换句话说 ”高考英语短文改错考点解析：介词一、考点规律分析短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语 时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的 基本用法、习语中的介词用法等；二、真题单句归纳名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 38 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （1） Bill insisted in staying near the car. （in 改为on, insist on 为固定搭配）（全国卷）（2） Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. （at 改为 of,catch sight of 是习语,意为 “观察 ” ） （全国卷）（3） When I have free time I go a long walk. （go 后加 for,go for a walk 是习语）（全国卷）（4） When they came down the police were angry to them. （ to 改为 with ,要表示对某人 愤怒,英语习惯上用 be angry with sb ） （全国卷）（5） Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. （去掉for ,因其前的get 是及物动词）（全国卷）（6） and some books, for example, books for history , science, cooking and gardening are also popular. （ books for 改为 books on,此处的on 意为 “关于 ”） （全国卷）（7） I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. （去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that,因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句,无需用介词）（全国卷）（8） It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. （for 改为 of,留意句型 It s kind of sb to do sth ） （全国卷）（9） In fact , they are planning to visit China in next year. （去掉in,在由 next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中,一般可直接用作时间状语,无需加in, on, at 这样的介词）（全国卷）（10） We practise for three times every week. （去掉 词） （全国卷）for ,在表示频率的名词前通常不加介（11） We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. （instead 后加 of,instead of 为复合介词,在此表示“而不是 ”） （全国卷）（12） Unfortunately , there are too many people among my family. （among 改为 in ,in my family 意为 “ 在我家里 ” ） （全国卷）名师归纳总结 （13） I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing（a lot 后加第 4 页,共 38 页of,因 a lot 不能直接修饰名词）（全国卷）（14） Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. （on 改为for ,thanks for doing sth 意为 “因某事而感谢某人”） （北京春季卷）（15）So I m really sorry that I won t be able to come in this time. （去掉in,因 this time 可直接用作状语）（北京春季卷）（16） but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. （去掉about,因 about 后没有接宾语,about 属余外）（全国卷）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （17） For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning. （去掉 on,因 one night 可直接用作状语）（北京春季卷）（18） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at,the moment 在此用作连词,相当于 as soon as） （全国卷）（19） His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. （去掉 in ,spend 是及物动词,其后可直接跟名词作宾语）（安徽春季卷）（20） I feel sorry to him. （to 改为 for ,be / feel sorry for sb 意为 “为某人感到伤心” ）（安徽春季卷）（21） Because so much viewing , children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. （Because 后加 of,因 so much viewing 相当于名词）（北京春季卷）（22） On one year the average child will see 25 ,000 television commercials（On 改为 In,意为 “在一年中 ”） （北京春季卷）（23） The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese（去掉 that 前的 in ,was 后是一个以 that 引导的宾语从句,in 是余外的）（全国卷）（24） I m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. （to 改为 at,laugh at 意为 “嘲笑 ” ） （全国卷）（25） You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet. （kinds 后加of,a kind of 意为 “ 一种 ” ,all kinds of意为 “各种各样的 ” ） （广西卷）（26） But I have spent lots my money , （lots 后加 of,lots / a lot 后不能接名词；后接名词时,要用lots of,a lot of） （四川卷）（27） you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors（去掉 Club in,表示 “ 参与,加入 ”某个组织, join 后不要再加介词 in ；表示 “ 参与 ”某项活动时,才加 in） （浙江卷）（28） We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. （on 改为 in,由于 have sth in common 是固定搭配,意为 三、模拟单句演练“ 有共同的 ” ） （福建卷）（1） We must serve for the people heart and soul. （2） I followed the man for a while , and saw him enter into the bank. （3） Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim. （4） I took a great many of photographs in the mountains. （5） In English class, we often talk each other in English. （6） Dont talk. What the man says is well worth listening.（7） The chair looks hard , but it is comfortable to sit. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 38 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us. （9） I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday. （10） Are you glad to be going to back to school ？（11） On his way to home , he met one of his old friends Jack. （12） Please close the door at next time you come in. （13） Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year. （14） We can finish the work either this week or in next week. （15） We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator. （16） We could not have heard them because the noise from the river. （17） Dont be angry to me for not having written I was really too busy. （18） I ve read a lot books about animals.（19） He invited us to dinner , which was very kind for him. （20） I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him. （21） Dont go by plane. Its a lot of more expensive.（22） Except milk and cheese, we all need vegetables. （23） On my way back , I called at Mr Smith at his office. 参考答案（1） 去掉 for,serve 表示 “为 服务 ”,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词；（2） 去掉 into,enter 表示 “ 进入 ”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词；with ,marry 表示 “与 结婚 ”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词；（3） 去掉（4） 去掉 of,a great many 后可直接跟名词, 无需用介词； 但如其后的名词有 the, these,my 等表特指的限定词,就要用介词 of,如 a great many of my friends. （5） talk 后加 to,因 talk 为不及物动词；（6） listening 后加 to,因 what the man says 是 listen to 的规律宾语；名师归纳总结 （7） sit 后加on 或 in,由于从规律上说就是sit on/in the chair. 第 6 页,共 38 页（8） insisted 后加on,insist 后可接从句作宾语,但不接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,遇此情形应用insist on.（9） 去掉to,因 ask 是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词；（10） 去掉back 前的to,因 back 是副词,其前不用介词；（11） 去掉home 前的 to,因 home 是副词,其前不用介词；（12） 去掉at,因next time 在此用作连词,意为“ 下次 ” ；（13） 去掉in, every year 可直接用作状语,其前无需用介词；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （14） 去掉 in, next week 可直接用作状语,其前无需用介词；（15） instead 后加 of,instead of 为复合介词,在此表示“而没有 ”；（16） because 后加 of,因其后接的是名词,而不是句子；（17） to 改为with ,要表示 “对某人愤怒 ”,用 be angry with sb ,不用be angry to sb. （18） a lot 后加 of,a lot of 意为 “ 很多 ”；（19） for 改为 of,为 it is very kind of sb 的变体；（20） 去掉 on,the moment 在此用作连词,意为“ 一 就” ；（21） 去掉 of, a lot 修饰比较级, a lot of 修饰名词；（22） Except 改为 Besides.比较： except 表示 “ 除 外,不再有 ”,besides 表示 “ 除 外,仍有 ”；（23） at 改为 on.比较： call at 后接某地方, call on 后接某人高考英语短文改错考点解析：名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数；二、真题单句归纳（1） We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. （waters 改为water,因 “ 水”为物质名词,不行数）（全国卷）（2） We climb everywhere , not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. （time改为 times,many times 意为 “很多次 ”） （全国卷）（3） There are branch library in many villages. （library 改为 libraries ,因其前的谓语 are为复数）（全国卷）（4） I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. （times 改为 time,some time 意为 “ 某时 ”） （全国卷）（5） Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family. （去掉 time,因first 已含有 “ 次”的意思）（全国卷）（6）They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. （question 改为 questions,因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语 lots of） （全国卷）（7） We study quite a few subject , such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. （subject 名师归纳总结 改为 subjects,因 a few 后应接复数可数名词）（全国卷）第 7 页,共 38 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （8） and often watch football match on TV together.（match 改为matches） （全国卷）（9） Happy birthday , Peter, and many happy return of the day ！ （return 改为 returns,many happy returns of the day ！ 为庆贺生日的惯用表达）（北京春季卷）（10） She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. （schoolmate 改为schoolmates,因校友不只一个,另外依据其后的all 也可推知）（全国卷）（11） I used to love science class all of them biology , chemistry, geography, physics. （class 改为 classes,指其后提到的全部课程）（北京春季卷）（12） They did not want me to do any work at family. （family 改为 home,因 at home 为固定短语）（全国卷）（13） so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. （subject 改为 subjects,请留意前面的 all） （全国卷）（14） On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. （picture 改为 pictures,picture 作为可数名词,其前应有限定词,或为复数形式）（全国卷）（15） No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. （program 改为programs,从句意上看,此处应用复数）（北京春季卷）（16） Their word were a great encouragement to me. （word 改为 words,留意其后的复数动词）（全国卷）（17） You know , that was a dinner we had waited for several month.（month 改为 months,因 several 后要用可数名词的复数形式）（江苏卷）（18） but after class we become stranger at 的 we 可知应当用名词复数）（全国卷）once.（stranger 改为 strangers,由本行前面（19） You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. （minute 改为minutes,由于 a few 后面的名词肯定是复数）（广西卷）（20） Nowadays million s of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby（age 改为 ages,因谈到不止一个人的年龄,age 用复数； of all ages 指各个年龄阶段的人（浙江卷）（21） She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when homework ,因它是不行数名词,没有复数形式）（福建卷） （homeworks 改为（22）Without enough knowledges , you can never teach well. （knowledges 改为 knowledge ,因 knowledge 是不行数名词,没有复数形式）（湖北卷）三、模拟单句演练（1） Women live longer than men in most country. （2） The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 38 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （3） It s said that all the ticket have been sold out.（4） The children spend a lot of times watching TV. （5） I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. （6） The flower in the park were all pleasing. （7） As the day went by , she became less anxious.（8） Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. （9） It s one of the most interesting book that Ive ever read.（10） He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. （11） Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. （12） He hasnt lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. （13） I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. （14） Hes getting married next mon