2022年英国文学简史复习资料.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages <Beowulf>贝奥武夫 :the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里 .乔叟 1340.1400 The father of English poetry. <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet 双韵体 by middle English <Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 < The House of Fame>声誉之宫II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival: 1. new discoveries in geography and astrology 2. the religious reformation and economic expansion 3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists: Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson. William Shakespeare 威廉 .莎士比亚 15641616 Historical plays:Henry VI 亨利六世 ; Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII Four Comedies: <As You Like It> 皆大喜悦 ; <Twelfth Night> 第十二夜 ; < A Midsummer NightS Dream >仲夏夜之梦 ; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特 ; <Othello>奥赛罗 ; <King Lear> 李尔王 ; <Macbeth>麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets> Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. the comedy of errors 错中错,Titus Andronicus 泰特斯· 安特洛尼克斯,The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记 Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Love's labour's lost （爱的白费）Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor. 温莎的风流娘们 King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure（一报仍一报）Bacon: Of Studies; Of Beauty; Of Marriage and Single Life English 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Bourgeois Revolution ,<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推动III ：the period of the English bourgeois revolution. Milton ：16081674 Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes 力士参孙 ; On the morning of Christs Nativity,<Paradise Regained>复乐园 <On His Blindness>我的失明 <Areopagitica>论出版自由 <The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 16281688 s Progress> 天路历程Religionary Allegory:<The PilgrimGrace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner; the Holy War John Don: the Metaphysical poet玄学派诗人 . Metaphysical Poetry玄学诗 ：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, 形式the form is frequently an argument with the poet s beloved, with god, or with himself. （主题： love, religious, thought）The Flea; 跳蚤 Forbbiding Mourning, Songs And Sonnets 歌与十四行诗,emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念 Hely sonnets IV The 18th Century ：Enlightenment A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感 and accuracy The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15 th and 16 th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reasonrationality, equality&sciencethe 18th century 小说崛起 ：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel risedrealistic novel 现实主义小说 Gothic novel哥特式小说 ：mystery, horror, castlesfrom middle part to the end of century Jonathan Swift 乔纳森 .斯威夫特 16671745 （十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist；） <Gullivers Travels >格列佛游记 fictional work Four parts: Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛<A Modest Proposal>一个小小的建议 <The Battle of Books>书战 <A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事 < The Drapper s Letters >一个麻布商的书信 Bickerstaff Almanac 比克斯塔福历书Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔 .笛福 16601731 （小说家, 新闻记者, 小册子作者； 十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠名师归纳总结 基人；）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is 第 2 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. <Robinson Crusoe>鲁宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. <Moll Flanders> <Colonel Jacque> < Captain singleton> 辛格顿船长 Henry Fielding 亨利 .菲尔丁 17071754 The funder of the English realistic world He is called “ Father of English novel” . He was the first to write a “ Comic epic in prose ” 散文体史诗 , and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels: <The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling> 弃婴汤姆 .琼斯 <The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews> 约瑟夫 .安德鲁<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great>大诗人江奈生.威尔德<Amelia> 爱米利亚 plays: <The Historical Register for 1736> 一七三六年历史记事 <Don Quixote in England> 堂吉柯德在英国 William Blake 威廉 .布莱克 17571827 <Songs of Innocence> 天真之歌A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. <Songs of Experience> 体会之歌A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: <The Chimney Sweeper> 扫烟囱的小孩<London> <The Tyger> Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell> 天堂与地狱的婚姻Robert Burns 罗伯特 .彭斯 17591796 The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 <John Anderson, My Jo> 约翰.安德生,我的爱人,Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,苏格兰抒情歌谣集 <A Red, Red Rose> 一朵红红的玫瑰名师归纳总结 <Auld Long Syne> 友情地久天长第 3 页,共 8 页 <A Mans a Man for AThat> 不管那一套- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - <My Heart s in the Highlands> 我的心在那高原上 <Bruce At Bannockburn> <The Tree Of Liberty> 自由树Farewell to Scotland 再见苏格兰V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death.s mind. 人应当是独立 Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual 自由的个体 In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace. Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen realistic and Walter Scott romantic. “ The Lake Poets” 湖畔诗人, who lived in the lake district. William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey 威廉 .华兹华斯 17701850 William Wordsworth <Lyrical Ballads> 抒情歌谣集 with Samuel Taylor Coleridge <I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> Tintern Abbey; Intimations of Immortality Abbey The Solitary Reaper 孤独的割麦女My Heart Leaps up When I Behold , Above Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern <The Prelude>序曲George Gordon Byron 乔治 .戈登 .拜伦17881824（拜伦式英雄 Byronic heroes 孤傲、狂热、浪漫,却布满了抵抗精神；内心布满了孤独与苦闷,却又藐视群小；恰尔德 .哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“ 拜伦式英雄”；）“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. <Don Juan> 唐.璜<Childe Harold s Pilgrimage> 恰尔德 .哈罗德尔游记<Cain> 该隐 <When We Two Parted>起初我们俩分别<She Walks In Beauty> My Soul is Dark; The First Kiss of Love; Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西 .比希 .雪莱17921822 Poetic Drama：<Prometheus Unbound> 解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies mans victory over tyranny and oppression <Queen Mab> 麦布女王 <Revolt of Islam> 伊斯兰的反叛 <The Cenci> 钦契一家<A Defence of Poetry> 诗辩 <The Necessity of Atheism> 无神论的必要性 Lyrics: <Ode to the West Wind> 西风颂Love's Philosophy; The Cloud; To a Skylark 致云雀 ; John Keats 约翰 .济慈 17951821 “ 美即是真,真即是美” 是他的闻名诗句； Four great odes: <Ode on a Grecian Urn> 希腊古瓮颂<Ode to a Nightingale> 夜莺颂<Ode to Psyche>心灵颂<Ode On Melancholy> 愁闷颂 <To Autumn> 秋颂 Isabella 名师归纳总结 VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900English Critical RealismVictorian Era第 4 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events. Charles Dickens 查尔斯 .狄更斯 18121870 （批判现实主义小说家）the greatest representative of English critical realist writer <The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club> 匹克威克外传 <Oliver Twist> 奥利弗 .特维斯特（雾都孤儿） <The Old Curiosity Shop> 老古玩店 <A Christmas Carol> 圣诞颂歌 <Dombey and Son> 董贝父子 <David Copperfield> 大卫.科波菲尔 <Bleak House> 荒芜山庄<Hard Times> 艰巨时世 <A Tale of Two Cities> 双城记 London & Paris <Great Expectations> 远大前程 <Our Mutual Friend> 我们共同的伴侣Sketches by Boz; American Notes 美国札记William Makepeace Thackeray威廉 .麦克匹斯 .萨克雷 18111863 s <Vanity Fair> or a Novel without a Hero名利场 the name is an excerpt from <The PilgrimProgress>by John Bunyan <The Book Of Snobs> Cox's Diary 庸人之书Jane Austen 简 .奥斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire. <Sense and Sensibility> 理智与感情<Pride and Prejudic> 高傲与偏见 <Mansfield Park> 曼斯菲尔德庄园 <Emma> 爱玛<Northanger Abbey> 诺桑觉寺 <Persuasion>劝导Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂 .勃朗特 18161855 <Jane Eyre>简.爱 <Shirley> 雪莉 <Professor>老师Emily Bronte 艾米莉 .勃朗特 18181854 < Wuthering Heights>咆哮山庄 < Old Stoic> George Eliot 乔治 .艾略特 18191880 <The Mill on the Floss> 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 < Adam Bede>亚当.比德 < Silas Marner> 织工马南 < Middlemarch> 米德尔马契Mid and Late 19th Century Robert Browning 罗伯特 .白朗宁 18121889 < My Last Dutchess> 我已故的公爵夫人 < Home Thoughts From Abroad> 海外乡思Men and Women; Dramatic Lyrics; Pippa Paaaes; The Ring and the Book; Elizabeth Barrett Browing : <Sonnet from the Portuguese>葡萄牙十四行诗Christina. G. Rossetti: 1830-1894 Seek and Find; A Story for Girls; Song; A Birthday 名师归纳总结 VII 19001950 The 20th Century第 5 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Playwrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw Henrry James: the wings of a dove; a portrait of a women; Daisy Miller; the ambassadors; the golden bowl George Bernard Shaw乔治 .伯纳 .萧18561950 <Widowers Houses>英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist Plays Unpleasant <Mrs Warren S Profession>华伦夫人的职业鳏夫的房产 Plays Pleasant <Arms And Man> 武器与人<The Man Of Destiny> 左右命运的人Plays <Man And Superman> 人与超人<Pygmalion> 匹格玛利翁<The Apple Cart> 苹果车<Saint Joan>圣女贞德Heartbreak House .Thomas Hardy 托马斯 .哈代 18401928 （小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家；environment ）Wessex novels; novels of character and Novels < Tess Of The D Urbervilles> 德伯家的苔丝 Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德 < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下 < Far From The Madding Crowd> 远离尘嚣 < The Mayor Of Casterbridge> 卡斯特桥市长 < The Return of the Native> 仍乡 Poems ： Wessex Poems And Other Verses , Poems Of The Past And Present The Dynasts 列国Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡 .王尔德 18561900 salome （The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Arts Sake） 4 Comedies: <The Importance Of Being Earnest> 仔细的重要 <Lady Windermere s Fan>温德米尔夫人的扇子 <A Woman Of No Importance> 一个无足轻重的女人<An Ideal Husband> 抱负的丈夫 Novel: <The Picture Of Dorian Gray> 多利安 .格雷的画像 Fairy Stories: <The Happy Prince And Other Tales> 欢乐王子故事集The Truth Of Masks .William Butler Yeats 威廉 .勃特勒 .叶茨 18651939（爱尔兰诗人,剧作家；The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴； The Irish Literary Theater, or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团） collections <The Wind Among The Reeds> 苇风 <Responsibilities> 责任 <The Tower> 塔<The Winding Stair> 旋转的楼梯 Poems <Easter 1916>复活节, 1916 <The Second Coming> 其次次来临 /再世 <Sailing To Byzantium> 到拜占庭航行When You are Old; The Lake Isle of Innisfree;Thomas Sterns Eliot （诗人,剧作家,批判家） Poems <The Waste Land> <Four Quartets>四个四重奏 <The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock> Plays <Murder In The Cathedral> 大教堂谋杀案Morning at the Window; David Herbert Lawrence戴维 .赫伯特 .劳伦斯 18851930 Modernist<Sons And Lovers>儿子与情人 autobiographical<The Rainbow>虹 <Women In Love>恋爱中的女人 <Lady Chatterleys Lover >查特莱夫人的情人James Joyce 詹姆斯 .乔伊斯 18821941 Modernist（爱尔兰小说家,意识流小说的代表人物）<Ulysses>尤利西斯 S_O_C stream-of-consciousness <A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man>一个青年艺术家的肖像 <Finnegans Wake>芬尼根的清醒 <Dubliners>都柏林人Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼娅 .沃尔芙 18821941 Modernist（意识流小说的代表人物） Novels stream-of-consciousness <Mrs Dalloway>达洛维夫人 <To The Lighthouse>到灯塔去 <The Waves>浪 <The Lighthouse> <Jacobs Room> 雅各布的房间 <Orlando> 奥兰朵 <Between The Acts>幕间名师归纳总结 The Voyage Out; A room of one s own 第 7 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Edward Morgan Foster E.M.Foster <A Passage To India>印度之行 <Hawards End>霍华兹别墅 Where Angels Fear to Tread; The Longest Journey; A Room with a View; Howards End; A Passage to India; Maurice Dorris Lessing The Grass is Singing; The Golden Notebook; Particularly Cats; Love, Again Samuel Beckett Finnegans Waken ; More Pricks Than Kicks; Molloy;Malone Dies; The Unameable Harold Pinter Waiting for Godot; The Trilogy The Room; The Birthday Party; Tea Party;The Homecoming; Old Times “ 文艺复兴” （Renaissance）原意是“ 再生” ,指的是希腊、罗马文化的再生；世俗学校在“ 神学学科” 以外添设了“ 人文学科”,内容就是希腊、罗马古典各科学术（包括文艺、哲学、历史乃到自然科学） ；这些古典学术的讨论者和提倡者,被称为“ 人文主义者” ； 古典文化大体上是人道主义（即把人看成万物的中心）和现世主义, 重视科学和哲学的探讨及对美好事物的制造和享受,要求人在身心各方面均衡进展； 基督教就以神权中心和来世主义为基本内容,实行蒙昧主义和禁欲主义,两种文化形成了尖锐的对立；以人为本、以人性反神性、以人权反神权、以个性自由、理性至上和人性全面进展为抱负的“ 人文主义” 是文艺复兴运动的指导思想, 也是文艺复兴时期文学的思想核心；文艺复兴运动在 15 世纪末、16 世纪初影响到英国；早期的人文主义者托马斯· 莫尔、科列特、格罗辛、林 纳克等被称为“ 牛津改革派”18 世纪的欧洲被称为理性时代或启蒙时代；这个时期产生了全欧性的思想运动启蒙运动；启蒙思想家们把启蒙教化民众看作改造社会的基本途径, 他们推崇人的理性万能和至高无上, 以理性检验旧的制度、传统观念,依靠科学、体会和理智.在崇尚理性的文化环境中,英国文学中自德莱顿开头的古典主义蔚然成风,在18 世纪上、下半叶分别以蒲伯和约翰逊为代表人物； 在前期显现的新的散文文学：期刊文学和现实主义小说, 也具有启蒙 的性质；在中期,特殊是 40 到 50 岁月,现实主义小说取得辉煌成就；到 18 世 纪后期,英国文学中显现了引人瞩目的新的文学潮流：感伤主义和前浪漫主义,表现出对理性主义的不满,预示着英国文学中新的时代浪漫主义时期的到 来. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 8 页