2022年初中英语定语从句讲解 .pdf

初中定语从句讲解Match the two sentences：1.I m reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates.I m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese.He is a teacher who/that teaches us Chinese.3.I dont like the man.He is smoking.I don t like the man who/that is smoking.4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week.Where is the picture (which/that)you bought last week?定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。例：关系代词关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。关系代词which,that引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物体的名词或代词，关系代词应用which,that(作主语或宾语)关系代词作为主语时不能省略，作为宾语是可以省略。例：作为主语不能省略：This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which/that was lost has been found.The book is mine.The book is lying on the floor.The book which/that is lying on the floor is mine.作为宾语能省略：This is the card.I ve just received the card.This is the card(which/that)I ve justreceived.I like music which/that is quiet.定 语 从先行词This is the mistake.I always make the mistake.This is the mistake(which/that)I always make.I still keep the letters.She wrote letters to me.I still keep the letters(which/that)she wrote to me.I lost the pen.my father bought me the pen.I lost the pen(which/that)my father bought me.关系代词who,that,whom,whose引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)whose(作定语)例：作主语不能省略：This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who/that is very popular in China.The boy is called Roy.The boy broke the window.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.Do you know the man?The man spoke at the meeting yesterday.Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?The girl is my cousin.The girl is watering the flowers.The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.例：做宾语能省略：The man is a famous writer.He described the man just now.The man(who/whom/that)he described just now is a famous writer.(作宾语)The boy is my friend.Im looking for the boy.The boy(who/that/whom)Im looking for is my friend.The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the thief last night.The thief(who/that/whom)the police caught last night has been sent to prison.whose作定语,表示所属关系。The boy is my friend.The boy s father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my friend.They are helping the man.The mans car is broken.They are helping the man whose car is broken.Please pass me the book.The cover of the book is red.Please pass me the book whose cover is red.例：(B)A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿).A.who B.whose C.who s D.which只能用 that,不用 which,常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one 或被这些词所修饰时。That s allthat I know.Is there anythingthat I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。That is the most boring book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to do my homework.3.当先行词有 the very,the only,the same 等修饰时。That s the only thing that I can do now.These are the very wordsthat he used.This is the same bike that I lost.4.当主句以 who 或 which 开头时,定语从句的关系词用that,而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dogthat I always meet are standing by the gate.6.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用 which.There is a book that belongs to Tom on the desk.关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：1.先行词为 that,those时Whats thatwhich is under the desk？2.关系代词前面有介词时This is the room inwhich he lives.3.引导非限制性定语从句Tom came back,which made us happy.关系词只能用 whom，而不用 that/who 的情况：关系代词前面有介词时He is the boy withwhom my mother is talking.who/which/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。1)I prefer shoes that are cool.2)I like a pizza that is really delicious.3)I love singers who are beautiful.4)I have a friend who plays sports.Exercise 1:用关系代词填空1.The boy _who/that_ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.5.The man _whose_ hair is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _whose_ father is a business man?7.This is the house inwhich we have lived for 10 years.8.I ve never heard of the people and things that_ you talked about just now.9.Say all _that_ you know.10.Is there anything_that_ I can do for you?11.This is the first play that _I have seen since I came here.12.This is the best novel that I have read.13.Who is the girl _that_is standing under the tree?14.Which is the machine _that_ we used last Sunday.定语从句关系副词的用法:1、Where指地点，在从句中充当地点状语。This is the place where we lived ten years ago.=in which 2、When指时间，在从句中充当时间状语。He told me the datewhen he joined the Party.=on which 3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。I know the reason why she was so angry.=for which 关系副词 when,where和关系代词 that,which的区别:同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where,有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when,有时使用 that/which。这主要看两点：1、先行词在从句中所作成分；2、定语从句中的谓语动词是否一个及物动词。1.This is the park(which/that)we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.=in which 2.She won t forget the days(which/that)she spent on the island.She wont forget the day when they stayed together.which/that who/that which/that=on which 分析例题：1)This is the factory _B_ I visited last year.2)This is the factory _A_ I worked last year.3)This is the factory B produces all kinds of TV sets.A.where B.which C.whom D.whose 以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分；1）还原为:I visited the factory.是动宾关系，因此选which 2）还原为:I worked in the factory，factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，因此选where 3）还原为:the factoryproduces all kinds 是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which 4）Can you lend me the novel _ D_ theother day?A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked about 还原后为：You talked about the novel the other day.故it要删掉，先行词在句中作宾语，关系代词可以用which/that或者不填。例题（一）：1.The place B interests the children most is the childrens palace.A.what B.that C.where D.in which 2.The mountain D_ we visited last summer is the highest mountain in Europe.A.where B.on which C.what D.which 3.This is the park A I visited last week.A.which B.when C.what D.Where（二）：A.who B.which C.that D.whose E.whom 1.This is the scientist _ name is knownall over the country.2.I have found a man _ can help you.3.He _ plays with fire gets hurt.4.Which statement _ is made according to the passage is right?5.Is there anything more in this article_ you think is wrong?（三）：A.Who B.which C.that D.whose E.Whom 6.She heard a terrible noise,B brought her heart into mouth.7.The young man was very happy to get back the gold ringhe had lost on the train.8.The manis shaking hands with the headmaster is a policeman.9.The famous basketball staryou wish to see has come.10.She spent the whole evening talking about he things and persons C none of us hasever heard of.D A/C A C C B/C A/C A/C/E（四）：A.who B.which C.that D.whose E.Whom 11.This the best film C I have ever seen.12.Those A break the law must be punish.13.This is the only answer C we think is right.14.I know the student from E you borrowed the dictionary.15.That is the factory in B they once worked.句子翻译：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle 3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like the music that I can sing along with.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.