2022年初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案一定语从句的理解：用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：This is a tall building the book on the deskI dont have anything importantLily is the girl in red 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。一关系代词who/whom(先行词表示人)which(先行词表示物)that/whose(先行词表示人或物)关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；1.I know the girl.The girl is in red.(两个简单句)I know the girl who is in red.（定语从句）2.I like apples.The apples are sweet.(两个简单句)_.3.Tom loves eating noodles.The noodles are spicy and hot.(两个简单句)_.4.The lady is our math teacher.The lady gave us a report yesterday.(两个简单句)_.5.Go to ask the man.His coat is blue.(两个简单句)_ 6.I remember those days.We spent those days together last year.(两个简单句)_.7.We all know the teacher and his school.Yesterday they mentioned the teacher and his school in the speech._ 被修饰的词是（填词性）_。这个词就称为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是_，称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当_。附：关系词与先行词的关系：关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句中常用的关系词有：选择 who,that,which,whom,whose 适当的关系代词填空1.The house _ we live in is very big.2.The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3.This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring,_ is very uncommon in our class.8.The classroom _door is broken will soon be repaired.9.Please give the book _ cover is purple.1.Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?Oh!It s Mr.Baker,our math teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people _ help others when they are in trouble.A.who don t B.which don tC.who doesn t D.that doesn t 3.The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which 5.This is the place _I have ever visited.A.thereB.whenC.where D.which 二、关系副词where(表示地点)when(表示时间)why(表示原因)关系副词在从句中充当状语。(1)Urumqi is the city.I was born in the city.(两个简单句)Urumqi is the city _ I was born in.Urumqi is the city _ I was born.Urumqi is the city in _ I was born.(2)The house has been pulled down.I lived in the house ten years ago.(两个简单句)The house _ I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.The house in _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.(3)I still remember the day.I first came to the school on that day.I still remember the day _ I first came to the school on.I still remember the day _ I first came to the school.I still remember the day on _ I first came to the school.（4）The reason is not clear.He refused the invitation for the reason.The reason _ he refused the invitation for is not clear.The reason _ he refused the invitation is not clear.The reason for_ he refused the invitation is not clear.L 练习1.I still remember the time _we used to spend together.2.I still remember the day _ I joined our club.3.Is this the place _ your father once lived?4.I ll never forget the days _ I joined the League.5.Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane.6.Is there a shop near here_ we can buy vegetables and fruits?A.which B.when C.who D.where 7.The park,_ we visited yesterday,is very nice.A.where B.which C.that D.when 8.Is there anything _ I can do for you?A.what B.which C.that D.it 9.That is the reason _ he came to see you.A.when B.that C.which D.for which 10.The room _ windows face south is his.A.that B.which C.whose D.who s11.The park,_ we met with him,is very nice.A.where B.which C.that D.when 12.The moon is a world _ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 13.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 14.Oct.1,1949 was the day _ the New China was founded(成立).A.that B.in which C.when D.where 15.This is the best film _ been shown this year.A.which has B.which have C.that has D.that have 16.Do you enjoy My heart will go on?No,I prefer songs loud.A.that is B.which is C.that are D.what are Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_ his family lived ten years ago.A.when B.which C.where D.that 27.I like the cartoon _ has a happy ending and makes me _.A.which;to laugh B.that;to laugh C.whose;laughing D.which;laugh 学习好资料欢迎下载U9 词汇学习词形变化1.smooth（副词）_ 悦耳的音乐 _ 平坦的道路。2.Australia(澳大利亚人)_ electricity(电子的)_ direct(名词导演)_（副词）_ stick(过去式，过去分词)_,_(词组坚持，坚守)_ 4.end（名词）_ 纪录片 _(复数)_ 5.shut(过去式，过去分词)_,_ 关闭，停止运转_ 6.intelligence（形容词）_ 7.sad（名词）_ 8.move（形容词）_,_ 9.perform（名词）_ 10.pity（形容词）_ 11.pain（形容词）_ 12.spare 在某人的空闲时间_ 抽出时间 _ We have _（更多的空余时间）for our hobbies now.()Will you please help me to repair the computer now?Sorry.I m too busy and I haven t a minute to _.A.spare B.share C.spend D.save Do you know who the _(direct)of the movie Titanic is?（）Dont lose heart;_and never give up.I m sure youll succeed one day.Thanks.I will try my best.A.stick learning B.go on to learn C.stick to learn D.stick to learning【拓展】动词+to+doing sth.look forward to doing sth._ stick to doing hold on to doing _ devote oneself to doing sth._ devote ones life to doing sth._ pay at tention to doing sth._ be used to doing sth._ prefer doing A to doing B_ 1.I prefer music that has great lyrics.prefer _(现在分词)_（过去式/过去分词）=_更喜欢(1)prefer A to B=like better thanA 和 B 相比，更喜欢A He prefers English to math.(2)prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事The old man prefers to live in the countries.(3)prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做某事更喜欢做某事 Some students prefer chatting with their friends on the Internet to _(do)their homework at weekends()The Smiths _sending e-mails _letters,because it is faster.A.prefer,to writing B.prefer,to write C.prefers,to writing(4)prefer to do sth than do sth=would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做 而不愿做 ()They preferred _in bed rather than _horses.A.to lie,to ride B.lying,ride C.to lie,ride()She prefers to eat outside rather than _at home.A.cook B.cooking C.to cook D.cooks()Do you prefer grapes _ bananas?I prefer grapes _ bananas.A.to,or B.or,to C.than,to 2.I suppose I ll just listen to the new CD I bought.我想我只会听我买的这张新唱片。All of the students are _(suppose)to hand in their homework on time.【否定】be not supposed to do sth 不允许，We are not supposed _(play)football on Sunday.I d like to climb Qomolangma,but its_ _(suppose)to be too cold.()I was supposed _ at 7:00,but I arrived at 8:00.A.arrive B.to arrive C.arrives D.arriving()People in Korea _ bow when they meet for the first time.A.supposed B.are suppose to C.are supposed toWe suppose they will win the match.(改否定句)We _ suppose they _ win the match.3.What Do You Feel Like Watching Today?(3a 题目)【解析】feel like 想要.feel like doing=want to do=would like to do 想去做某事()The old man is ill and he doesn t feel like _.A.to eat something B.to eat anything C.eating something D.eating anything()You could visit _children in the hospital and _them_.A.ill,set,up B.sick,clean,up C.sick,cheer,up().He spent plenty of money on clothes A.many B.lots of C.some()I am very happy that I will have _ time to watch TV during the vacation.A.little B.a few C.many D.plenty of()1.-Mike,can you _ time to help me solve the math problem.Sure.A.find B.know C.spare D.see()2.What do you usually do in your _time?-I often play football with friends.A.smooth B.spare C.lazy D.busy()3.He prefers _ to talking.A.reading B.to read C.read D.reads()4.What a heavy rain!So it is.I prefer_rather than _on such a rainy day.A.go out,stay at home B.to stay at home,go out C.to going out,stay at home D.staying at home,go out()5.Many old men prefer _ in a peaceful countryside.A.to live B.liveing C.live D.lived 6.他宁愿读书也不愿看电视。He_ _ read_ _watch TV.7.My son prefers drawing to singing.(同义句)My son_ drawing _ _singing.8.我的新手表丢了。-噢，真可惜。-I lost my new watch.Oh,_ _ _.()9.Its a _that Im too busy to take part in the party.A.pleasure B.problem C.pity D.task()10.Bill s mother praised him _ his courage.A.about B.at C.for D.of 11.国足在 2015 澳大利亚亚洲杯赛中表现突出，我们对他们的表现赞不绝口。Chinese soccer team did very well in 2015 AFC Asian Cup.We are _ _ _ for their performance.who/that/which 在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致I prefer shoes that_ cool.(be)I like a pizza that_ really delicious.(be)I love singers who _ beautiful.(be)I have a friend who _ sports.(play)学习好资料欢迎下载注：that 的用法(1)只能用that 而不用which 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。(b)先行词有the only,the very,the last,just修饰时，只用that。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我想买的字典。(c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that,不能用which。.This is the first English movie that I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的第一部英文电影。This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。(d)先行词既有人，又有物时。I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。(e)当主句以There be结构开头时，或关系代词在there be结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two books on history that are for you.(f)主句的主语是疑问词who/which 时。Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？Who that break the window should be punished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚(2)不用 that 的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。The necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.你送给我做礼物的项链昨天丢了。Tom came back,which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴(错)The tree,that is four hundred years old,is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用。注：介词+关系词引导定语从句时，介词后只能用which 或 whom。We depend on the land from which we get our food.=We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.3.why 指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.学习好资料欢迎下载(2)I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：某些 在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和 why 互换。(1)This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.(2)From the year when/in which he went to school,he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)I still remember the day when/on which I joined our club.(4)The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear,关系副词用法一览表三使用定语从句需要注意的问题：（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.我刚才看的那个戏剧在3 频道上已上演了两次。（2）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。如：This is the house(that/which)we lived in last year.=This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me the person(who/whom)you borrowed the English novel from.=Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。三、跟踪练习（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每组两个简单句合成一个复合句。1.The boy is my younger brother.He was here a minute ago.2.The old man is a professor.He will give us a talk tomorrow.3.Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square.The foreign visitors live there.4.The woman is here now.You were talking about her.5.This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.6.The car was going 90 miles an hour.The car just passed us.7.The man was my uncle.The man waved to us.8.I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me the book last week.9.I prefer the subject.The subject is science.10.I spoke to the man.The man is a professor.（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.The house _ we live in is very big.2.The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3.This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring,_ is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9.Is this the place _ your father once lived?10.I ll never forget the days _ I joined the League.11.He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers.12.Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.13.The professor _ you are waiting for has come.14.Football is a game _is liked by most boys.15.We ll go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.16.The season_ comes after spring is summer.17.I visited a scientist _ name is known all over the country.18.I once lived in the house _ roof has fallen in.19.I still remember the day _ I first came to this school.20.The time _ we got together finally arrived.21.Shanghai is the city _ I was born.22.The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.23.Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane.24.The school _ he once studied is very famous.25.He succeeded in the competition(比赛),_ made his parents very happy.（三）单项填空基础选择1.Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?Oh!It s Mr.Baker,our math teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people _ don t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.theyD.where 3.The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which 5.This is the place _I have ever visited.A.thereB.whenC.where D.which 6.Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when 学习好资料欢迎下载7.The moon is a world _ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 8.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 9.He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A.when B.where C.that D.on which 10.Mr.White,_ car had been stolen,came to the policeman.A.who B.thatC.whose D.which 11.This is the house _ I want to buy.A.in which B.that C.whose D.where 12.This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A.which B.that C.when D.where 13.He didn t tell me the place _ he was born.A.that B.which C.whenD.where 14.He lived in a small village,_ was a long way from the railway station.A.that B.which C.whereD.when 15.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A.whoB.where C.what D.that 16.Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?He has gone back to Qinghua University.A.whom B.whoC.whose D.which 17.I hate people _ talk much but do little.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who 18.Do you know a boy _ sister is a nurse in a hospital?A.who B.that C.whomD.whose 19.Is there a shop near here_ we can buy vegetables and fruits?A.which B.when C.who D.where 20.The park,_ we visited yesterday,is very nice.A.where B.which C.that D.when 21.Is there anything _ I can do for you?A.what B.which C.that D.it 22.That is the reason _ he came to see you.A.when B.that C.which D.for which 23.Some of the roads were flooded,_ made our journey more difficult.A.which B.it C.what D.that 24.You are the only one _ advice he might listen to.A.who B.that C.whose D.whatever 25.The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A.who s B.whose C.that D.of which拓展提高1.The scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for Beijing.A.to him B.whom C.to D.to that 2._ they could do was to work hard.A.All B.All what C.All which D.That 3.Pay attention to all _ I do.A.which B.in which C.what D.that 4.The room _ windows face south is his.A.that B.which C.whose D.who s5.The park,_ we met with him,is very nice.A.where B.which C.that D.when 6.I ve read all the books _ you gave me.A.which B.them C.what D.that 7.The pen _ I m using _ is hers.A.which;it B.that;it C.it;/D./;/8.I have the same trouble _ you have.A.that B.which C.as D.what 9.It s the very book _ I want to find.A.