2022年初中物理实验考点归纳 .pdf

初中物理实验考点归纳1.力学基础性1.天平测质量【实验目的】用托盘天平测质量。【实验器材】天平（托盘天平）。【实验步骤】1.把天平放在水平桌面上，取下两端的橡皮垫圈。2.游码移到标尺最左端零刻度处（游码归零，游码的最左端与零刻度线对齐）。3.调节两端的平衡螺母（若左盘较高，平衡螺母向左拧；右盘同理），直至指针指在刻度盘中央，天平水平平衡。4.左物右码，直至天平重新水平平衡。（加减砝码或移动游码）5.读数时，被测物体质量=砝码质量+游码示数（m 物=m 砝+m 游）【实验记录】此物体质量如图：62 g2.弹簧测力计测力【实验目的】用弹簧测力计测力【实验器材】细线、弹簧测力计、钩码、木块【实验步骤】测量前：1.完成弹簧测力计的调零。（沿测量方向水平调零）2.记录该弹簧测力计的测量范围是 05 N，最小分度值是 0.2 N。测量时：拉力方向沿着弹簧伸长方向。【实验结论】如图所示，弹簧测力计的示数F=1.8 N。3.验证阿基米德原理【实验目的】定量探究浸在液体中的物体受到的浮力大小与物体排开液体的重力之间的关系。【实验器材】弹簧测力计、金属块、量筒、水【实验步骤】1.把金属块挂在弹簧测力计下端，记下测力计的示数F1。2.在量筒中倒入适量的水，记下液面示数V1。3.把金属块浸没在水中，记下测力计的示数F2 和此时液面的示数V2。4.根据测力计的两次示数差计算出物体所受的浮力（F 浮=F1-F2）。5.计算出物体排开液体的体积（V2-V1），再通过G水=（V2-V1）g 计算出物体排开液体的重力。6.比较浸在液体中的物体受到浮力大小与物体排开液体重力之间的关系。（物体所受浮力等于物体排开液体所受重力）【实验结论】液体受到的浮力大小等于物体排开液体所受重力的大小4.测定物质的密度（1）测定固体的密度【实验目的】测固体密度【实验器材】天平、量筒、水、烧杯、细线、石块等。【实验原理】=m/v文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3【实验步骤】1.用天平测量出石块的质量为 48.0 g。2.在量筒中倒入适量的水，测得水的体积为20 ml。3.将石块浸没在量筒内的水中，测得石块的体积为cm 3。【实验结论】根据公式计算出石块的密度为 2400 kg/m 3。多次实验目的：多次测量取平均值，减小误差（2）测定液体的密度【实验目的】测液体密度【实验步骤】1.测出容器与液体的总质量（m总）。2.将一部分液体倒入量筒中，读出体积V。3.测容器质量（m容）与剩余液体质量（m剩=m总-m 容）。4.算出密度：5.探究物质质量和体积与哪些因素有关【实验目的】探究质量与体积的关系，为了研究物质的某种特性，形成密度的概念。【实验器材】量筒、天平、水、体积不等的若干铜块和铁块。【实验步骤】1.用天平测出不同铜块和铁块的质量，用量筒测出不同铜块和铁块的体积。2.要记录的物理量有质量，体积。3.设计表格：文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3【实验结论】1.同种物质，质量与体积成正比。2.同种物质，质量和体积的比值相同。3.不同物质，质量和体积的比值不同。4.体积相同的不同物质，质量不同。6.探究二力平衡的条件【实验目的】探究当物体只受两个力作用而处于平衡状态时，这两个力必须满足的条件。【实验器材】弹簧测力计、一张硬纸板、细绳、剪刀等。【实验步骤】探究当物体处于静止时，两个力的关系；探究当物体处于匀速直线运动状态时，两个力的关系1.如图a 所示，作用在同一物体上的两个力，在大小相等、方向相反的情况下，它们还必须在同一直线，这二力才能平衡。2.如图b、c 所示，两个力在大小相等、方向相反且在同一直线上的情况下，它们还必须在同一物体上，这二力才能平衡。【实验结论】二力平衡的条件：1.大小相等（等大）2.方向相反（反向）3.同一直线（共线）4.同一物体（同体）7.探究液体内部压强与哪些因素有关文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3【实验目的】探究液体内部压强与哪些因素有关【实验器材】U 形管压强计、大量筒、水、盐水等。【实验步骤】1.将金属盒放入水中一定深度，观察U 形管液面高度差变大，这说明同种液体，深度越深，液体内部压强越大。2.保持金属盒在水中的深度，改变金属盒的方向，观察U 形管液面的高度差相同，这现象说明：同种液体，深度相同，液体内部向各个方向的压强都相等。3.保持金属盒的深度不变，把水换成盐水，观察U 形管液面高度差变化，可以探究液体内部的压强与液体密度（液体种类）的关系。同一深度，液体密度越大，液体内部压强越大。【注意】在调节金属盒的朝向和深度时，眼睛要注意观察 U 形管压强计两边液面的高度差的变化情况。在研究液体内部压强与液体密度的关系时，要保持金属盒在不同液体中的深度相同。8.探究杠杆平衡的条件【实验目的】探究杠杆平衡的条件【实验器材】带刻度的均匀杠杆、铁架台、弹簧测力计、钩码和细线等。【实验步骤】文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H31.把杠杆的中点支在铁架台上，调节杠杆两端的平衡螺母，使杠杆在水平位置平衡，这样做的目的是方便直接在杠杆上读出力臂值。（研究时必须让杠杆在水平位置平衡后，才能记录实验数据）2.将钩码分别挂在杠杆的两侧，改变钩码的位置或个数使杠杆在水平位置保持平衡。3.所需记录的数据是动力、动力臂、阻力、阻力臂。4.把钩码挂在杠杆上，在支点的同侧用测力计竖直向上拉杠杆，重复实验记录数据，需多次改变杠杆所受作用力大小，方向和作用点。（多次实验，得出普遍物理规律）【实验结论】杠杆的平衡条件是：当杠杆平衡时，动力动力臂=阻力阻力臂，若动力和阻力在支点的异侧，则这两个力的方向相同；若动力和阻力在支点的同侧，则这两个力的方向相反。【注意】实验中先确定杠杆受的作用力哪个是动力哪个是阻力。实验必须尊重实验数据，不得随意篡改实验数据。2.电学基础性9.（1）用电流表测电流【实验目的】用电流表测电流【实验器材】电源、电键、小灯泡、电流表、若干导线等【实验步骤】1.将电源、电键、小灯泡、电流表串联起来，连接过程中电键处于断开状态。2.电流从电流表的正接线柱流入，负接线柱流出。在未知电流大小时，电流表选择 03A 量程。3.闭合电键，观察电流表的示数，确认是否需要改变电流表的量程，然后记下电流的示数。文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3【实验结论】如图所示，电流表的示数为 0.5 A。（2）用电压表测电压【实验目的】用电压表测电压【实验器材】电源、电键、小灯泡、电压表、若干导线等【实验步骤】1.将电源、电键、小灯泡连接在电路中，连接过程中电键处于断开状态。2.将电压表与小灯泡并联连接，在连接过程中，电压表的正接线柱靠近电源的正极，负接线柱靠近电源的负极，在未知电压大小时，电压表选择015V 量程。3.闭合电键，观察电压表的示数，确认是否需要改变电压表的量程，然后记下电压的示数。【实验结论】如图所示，电压表的示数为 2.5 V。10.用滑动变阻器改变电路中的电流【实验目的】练习使用滑动变阻器改变电路中的电流强度。【实验器材】滑动变阻器、小灯泡、电流表、开关、电池组、导线若干【实验原理】通过改变连入电路中电阻线的长度来改变电阻，从而改变电路中的电流强度。测定性11.用电流表、电压表测电阻（伏安法测电阻）【实验目的】用电流表、电压表测电阻【实验器材】电源、电键、电压表、电流表、待测电阻、滑动变阻器、若干导线等。【实验原理】R=U/I【实验步骤】文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H3文档编码:CL7Y3C7F7H4 HO5H6F4R8S8 ZR9B1O9W8H31.如图所示连接电路，电键处于断开状态，滑动变阻器连入电路中的电阻处于最大值。2.移动滑片到三个不同位置，记下相应的电流表示数和电压表示数。3.根据公式计算三次的电阻，最后通过求平均值得到待测电阻的阻值。滑动变阻器在实验中作用：多次测量，求平均值，减小误差。12.测定小灯泡电功率【实验目的】测定小灯泡的电功率【实验器材】电源、小灯泡、电键、电压表、电流表、滑动变阻器、若干导线等。【实验原理】P=UI【实验步骤】1.记下小灯泡的额定电压，额定电流。2.如图所示连接电路，电键处于断开状态，滑动变阻器连入电路中的电阻处于最大值，电源电压要大于小灯泡的额定电压。3.移动滑片，使得电压表的示数等于小灯泡的额定电压，观察小灯泡的发光情况，记下此时的电流表示数，根据公式计算出小灯泡的额定功率。4.改变滑片的位置，使得电压表的示数分别大于或小于小灯泡的额定电压，记下相应的电流值并计算出相应的电功率，并观察记录小灯的发光情况。滑动变阻器在电路中的作用是：分担一部分电压，从而改变小灯两端的电压和通过小灯的电流。探究性13.探究导体中电流与电压的关系【实验目的】探究导体电流与电压的关系【实验器材】若干节干电池、电键、电压表、电流表、两个不同导体