2021届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit13 People 北师大版必修5.doc
【创新设计】2015届高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit13 People 北师大版必修5·必考话题13家庭、朋友与周围的人写 作 必 备基础词汇1burden n负担2reward v. 奖赏3pressure n. 压力4creative adj. 富创造力的5outstanding adj. 杰出的6diligent adj. 勤奋的7admire 钦佩；欣赏8be tired out 疲劳9bring up 抚养10behave oneself 举止规距11be pleased with 对满意12lose heart 灰心；泄气提分句型1It is a common phenomenon in society that people are getting politer than they used to be.人们比过去更有礼貌，这是社会上的普遍现象。2Nowadays more and more people are concerned about .当今，越来越多的人关心自己的健康。3In order to arouse his father's attention of health，Li Ming reminded him of the bad effect of smoking.为了唤醒他父亲对健康的意识，李明提醒他吸烟的害处。美 文 赏 析素材示例(2011·江苏卷)下面这幅照片展现了女儿为回家的妈妈拿包的情景。请根据你对这幅照片的理解用英语写一篇短文。你的短文应包含以下内容：(1)描述照片内容，如情景、人物、动作等等；(2)结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想；(3)举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。注意：(1)可参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示，作必要的发挥想象；(2)词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数；(3)作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention，especially from their own children._The_burden_of_students_has_been_a_hot_topic_for_years，but_the_load_of_parents_has_received_little_attention，especially_from_their_own_children.As can be seen from the picture, a mother comes back home，tired out.To ease the pain in her back，a little girl removes the heavy load from mom's shoulders and mom with a big smile on her face is deeply moved.The picture makes me lost in thought.Parents spare no effort to bring us up. They are always devoted selflessly to us and don't expect any reward.As their children，we must do something to ease their load.Firstly，we must behave ourselves and not make them worry about us，which would reduce their mental pressure. Secondly，we can do something small，such as making a cup of tea，preparing a simple meal or turning on light music for them when they return from work，which sometimes makes a great difference to them.Finally，we should help them do some housework regularly.1.tired out.是形容词短语作伴随状语。模拟I stopped working and went home，cold_and_hungry.我又冷又饿，停下工作就回家了。2with a big smile on her face是with的复合结构。模拟I just sat there with_tears_in_my_eyes,_unable to say a word.我只能坐在那儿，眼含泪水，一句话也说不出来。3.，which would reduce their mental pressure.此句是由which引导的非限制性定语从句。模拟I said nothing ，which_made_my_teacher_very_angry.我什么也没说，这使得我老师非常生气。.核心单词1_(n.)表情；词语_(vt.)表达(adj.)快递的2_(adj.)独立的_(n.)独立_vi.依靠，依赖3_(n.)长处，优势_(v.)增强，加强_(adj.)坚强的，强有力的4_(vi.)集中(思想、注意力的)_(n.)专心，专注5_(vt.)联想，联系_(n.)联想；协会6_(adv.)精确地，准确地_(adj.)精确的，准确的_(n.)精确，准确7_(n.)描述，形容_(v.)描写，描述8_(vt.)预言，预测_(n.)预言，预测_(n.)预言家9_(n.)残疾；无能_(vt.)使残疾，使丧失能力_(adj.)有残疾的10_(n.)要求_(v.)需要，要求11_(vt.)应得，值得_(adj.)值得的，应得的12_(vt.)控告，谴责_(adj.)谴责的，指责的13_(n.)渴望，欲望14_(vi.)怒视，瞪15_(n.)(银行)帐户_(n.)会计16_(adj.)不安的，有罪的_(n.)罪，内疚17_(n.)减轻，宽慰_(v.)解除，减轻，缓和18_(n.)忧虑，担心_(adj.)焦虑的，焦急的19_(vt.)评判_(n.)判断，判断力20_(vt.)献身于，专心致志于_(n.)奉献答案1.expression；express2.independent；independence；depend3.strength；strengthen；strong4.concentrate；concentration5.associate；association6.accurately；accurate；accuracy7.description；describe 8predict；prediction；predictor9.disability；disable；disabled10.requirement；require11.deserve；deserving12.accuse；accusing13.desire14.glare15.account；accountant16.guilty；guilt17.relief；relieve18.anxiety；anxious19.judge；judgement20.devote；devotion词不离句，句不离段We are gifted in expression，but we can't predict our future harvest or failure accurately.We try to realize the satisfaction of desire，the development of personality，the relief of anxiety and something beyond description.重点短语1提出，想出_2集中于；专注于 _3劝服某人做某事 _4起草 _5最后落得的结局(下场) _6另一方面 _7就某事来说；从某个角度上看 _8be willing to _9compared to/with _10deal with _11for the first time _12can't help doing sth _13to be honest _14except for _15pick up _答案e up with2.concentrate on3.talk sb into doing sth4.draw up5.end up6.on the other hand7.in terms of8.愿意做某事9.与比较10.处理，对付11.第一次12.禁不住做某事13.说实话14.除了15.拾起；去接(某人)；收到；偶然学会或获得；恢复小试身手，聚焦短语If he carries on driving like that, he'll end_up dead some day.I managed to talk him into lending me his new car.Analyze your problems and come_up_with a practical plan to improve your grade.The students concentrate_on improving the learning efficiency and learning methods.The USA is the most powerful nation in_terms_of defense capability.经典句式1On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations.另一方面，毫无疑问的是，低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难形势时有问题解读There is little/no doubt that.毫无疑问模拟_(毫无疑问)Chinese people get richer and richer.2I saw she had tears running down her cheeks at lunch today and one of the other teachers gave her a hug.今天中午饭时我看见她流着泪，其中的一位老师给了她一个拥抱。解读have sb/sth doing.让一直做模拟His mother_(一直让他学习) at home the whole morning.3I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。解读it作形式宾语模拟_(我讨厌)when people talk with their mouth full.4.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.我变得越来越心烦意乱，当然，我的情绪越坏我就越难集中注意力。解读the比较级，the比较级越越模拟The more money you earn，_(你花得就越多)答案1.There is little/no doubt that2.had him studying3.I hate it4.the more you'll spend.必背句法过去分词：表示推测的情态动词用所给动词的适当形式填空1Generally speaking, when_(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.2The first textbook _(write)for teaching English came out in the 16th century.3_(drive)by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more greenhouses.4She looks very happy.She must _(pass)the exam.I guess so.It's not difficult at all.5My EnglishChinese dictionary has disappeared.Who could _(take)it?答案1.taken2.written3.Driven4.have passed5.have taken条分缕析，步步为营_we stand，_we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。We have to pay duties on goods_from abroad.进口商品得交税。She was glad to see her children well_in the kindergarten.她很高兴看到她的孩子们在幼儿园受到很好的照顾。I didn't hear the phone.I_asleep.我没听见电话铃响。(当时)我一定睡着了。答案United；dividedimportedtaken care ofmust have been词 汇 精 解strength nC长处，优势U力量，力气朗文The test is used to determine candidates' strengths and weaknesses.这项测试用来判定候选人的长处和弱点。(1)build up one's strength增强体力strengths and weaknesses长处和弱点(2)strengthen v加强；增强；巩固In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.(2012·北京卷，A)此外，他们将增强他们去接受新的令人兴奋的数学难题的能力。He is a man full of energy and do morning exercises every day to _.他是个精力充沛的人，他每天做早操以增强体力。答案build up his strengthconcentrate vt.&vi.集中(思想、注意力等)；全神贯注(教材原句)Excitement makes you pay attention and concentrate on what you are studying.兴奋会使你专心于你所学习的东西。concentrate on(doing)sth 聚精会神于(做)某事concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts.on.集中某人的注意力/努力/思想于When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn't even know you had.(2012·浙江高考任务型阅读)当你专心致志于一项工作时，你会发现你有甚至连自己都不知道的精力。We decided to_developing economy.我们决定全力以赴发展经济。答案concentrate all our efforts on注意 表示“专心致志于”的其他表示方法：fix/focus one's attention on/upon; be devoted to; be buried in; be absorbed in; apply oneself todeserve v应得，值得(教材原句)For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams?例如，你是否有过这样的困惑：为什么班里有些你认为应该得到高分的最聪明的学生有时却难过考试关？deserven.值得；应得deserve to do值得做；应该做sth deserve doing/to be done某事值得做I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance.(2012·北京卷，B)我觉得惩罚是不公正的，我认为我还应该再有一次机会。Sun Yang deserves to be honoured because he has become the pride of China.孙杨值得给予荣誉，因为他已成为中国的骄傲。注意 deserve不用于进行时态，且deserve doingdeserve to be done，此时动名词doing主动形式表示被动意义，该用法与need，want等用法相同。Those who break the rules deserve to be punished.Those who break the rules_.那些违反规定的人应受到惩罚。答案deserve punishing/punishmentaccuse vt.控告，指控，谴责(教材原句)Accused of stealing money, the man was brought to court.那个人因被指控偷了钱而被带上法庭。accuse sb of (doing) sth指控某人(做)某事the accused 被告My teacher is always accusing me of carelessness.我的老师总是指责我粗心。_ was asked to give his name.要求被告说出自己的姓名。词语辨析accuse, chargeaccuse指当面指责或指控，不一定诉诸法庭，其后接ofcharge指因犯较大错误或重大罪行而正式起诉，其后接withThe neighbour who was once _ attempted murder_me _ playing my radio too loudly.那位曾被指控谋杀未遂的邻居指责我收音机声音放太大。答案The accusedcharged with；accused；ofdesire n渴望，欲望vt.期望，渴望(教材原句)Tour guides need to be independent, outgoing and have a desire to share information.导游需是独立的、外向的并有分享信息的意愿。(1)a desire for sth渴望得到某物have a desire to do/that.有的欲望/愿望(2)desire to do sth渴望做某事desire sb to do sth想让某人做某事desire that sb (should)动词原形希望/要求某人做 Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.(2012·天津卷·阅读表达)尽管如此，她的勇气和渴望成功的强烈愿望给世人留下了深刻的印象。The fans of Li Youbin desired that they_ his next movie soon.李幼斌的影迷非常渴望观看他的下一部影片。He _for further education.He desires that I should go abroad for further education.他希望我能出国深造。答案(should) watchdesires me to go abroadglare vi.怒视，瞪n.怒视(教材原句)I turned around and glared at the person who was singing.我回头瞪了一眼正在唱歌的人。glare at怒视give sb a glare瞪某人一眼I don't know why she gave me an icy glare.我不知道她为什么以冷冰冰的目光怒视着我。词语辨析glare at/glance at/stare at/look atglare at意为“瞪眼；怒目而视”，强调敌对或威胁的态度glance at意为“匆匆一看，扫视；一瞥；浏览”。指速度非常快地看一看某人或某物的大体轮廓，或粗略地浏览stare at意为“目不转睛地看，盯着，凝视”。表示由于害怕、深思或惊吓而张大眼睛看look at意为“看(着)”，指把眼睛转向目标She is so afraid of the big dog that she _ it without moving a little.她如此害怕那条大狗以至于凝视着它不敢挪动一点。The chairman _ his watch and announced the meeting was over.主席匆匆看了一下他的手表宣布会议结束了。答案stares atglanced ataccount vt.认为是，视为n.(银行)账户；账目；叙述；报道；解释，说明(教材原句) As an experienced accountant, my father has gained the respect of his colleagues.作为一名有经验的会计，我的父亲赢得了他同事的尊敬。(1)account for说明(原因等)；做出解释；占(比例)(2)on account of由于，因为on any account无论如何on no account绝不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)take account of/take.into accounttake.intoconsideration考虑In six grade, adults (excluding parents)account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks.(2012·上海卷，D)在六年级，成年人(不包括父母在内)仅占青少年社交时间的25%。How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?你如何解释作业中出现了这么多错误？_ must you tell him about our plan.你决不能把我们的计划告诉他。His exam results were not very good，but we must _ his long illness.他的考试成绩不是很好，但我们必须考虑到他曾长期生病。答案On no accounttake into accountdevote vt.专心致志于，献身于(教材原句)But after 35 years of marriage, I know they're great companions and are devoted to each other.但是经过了35年的婚姻后，我知道他们是很好的伴侣，并且彼此忠实。(1)devote one's time/energy/effort/money to (doing) sth为(做)付出时间/精力/努力/金钱devote oneself to.献身于/专心致志于(2)devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的be devoted to.专心于，对忠诚/热爱(3)devotion n关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚Encouraged by its success, Tom began to devote more time to his writing.汤姆受到这次成功的鼓舞，他开始把更多的时间投入写作。For ten years Nyad _ one of the world's best longdistance swimmers.(2012·天津卷阅读表达)十年来纳艾德致力于成为世界上最棒的长距离游泳选手之一。_her country, Park Geunhye didn't get married.因为献身于她的祖国，朴瑾惠没有结婚。答案devoted herself to becomingDevoted toin terms of 就而言；在方面(教材原句)Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ, especially in terms of “people skills”， such as understanding and communication.有一些(人)正在研究改善一个人的情商的可能性，特别是在“人际技能”方面，例如理解能力和沟通能力。be on good/bad/friendly terms(with sb)与某人关系好/不好/友好come to terms with sb(与某人)达成协议，妥协come to terms with sth迁就，顺从；接受；适应in one's terms在某人看来in the long/short/medium term在长/短/中期内In terms of money they're quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.就钱而言，他们很富有，但是没有幸福。_， it is necessary to _people around us, so we should learn to _others.从长远来看，与周围的人处好关系很重要，所以你要学会迁就别人。答案In the long term；be on good terms with；come to terms withcan't help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事(教材原句)I couldn't help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea.听了这话，我禁不住笑了，然后邀请她到我的公寓喝了杯茶。can't help (to) do sth不能帮忙做某事can not help but do sth不得不做某事can not choose but do sth不得不做某事can't help it没有办法，控制不了I will have a lot of work to do this morning, so I can't help (to) clean the room.今天上午我有很多工作要做，所以不能帮忙打扫房间。The last bus left.We could not choose_.最后一班公共汽车走了，我们别无选择，只有步行回家。答案but walk home句 式 诠 释(教材原句)On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations.另一方面，毫无疑问的是，低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难形势时有问题(1)There is no doubt that.毫无疑问I have no doubt that.我确信I have some doubt whether.我怀疑(2)I doubt whether/ifclause我怀疑I don't doubt thatclause我不怀疑Do you doubt thatclause？你怀疑吗？I doubt if/whether we will make a profit out of it.我认为我们不太可能从中获利。There is no doubt that our experiment will succeed.There is _the success of our experiment.毫无疑问，我们的实验会成功的。There is some doubt_she will come on time.她是否准时来有点让人怀疑。答案no doubt aboutwhether注意 当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的从句用that引导；用于肯定句时，后面的从句用whether引导。(教材原句)I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的宾语从句。英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, have, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。_I didn't have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。答案I'd prefer it if对 点 题 组.用所给词的适当形式填空1It took all his_(concentrate) to stay awake.2His_(devote) to his wife and family is touching.3The test is used to determine c
