2023年南开大学基础英语考研专业课真题及答案.docx

考研学习中，专业课占的分值较大。报考院校专业的考研专业课真题是专业课复习中必不可少的资料。中公考研为大家整理了南开大学728基础英语2023年考研专业课真题及答案，并且可以提供南开大学考研专业课辅导，希望更多考生可以在专业课上赢得高分，升入抱负的院校。南开大学728基础英语2023年硕士研究生入学考试试题南开大学2023年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目：基础英语专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学Part one Vocabulary(20分)Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once.bigotoverridepaltryslumptantrumhonecravenhallucinatevirtuositycharismapedagogyliquidatetemporaledifyconsecratesimulatehavocwaverincurephemeral1 The new government pledged to make every effort to stabilize its ailing economy by _national debts2 She proposed that_should be recognized as one of the major disciplines in her school.3 The pirates made _along the coast.4 One of them put forward a(n) _proposal for putting up the white flag.5 Facts are recorded in the annals with the coloring of prejudice and_.6 The American national character was_sharp during the westward Expansion.7 The scientists carried out an audio-visual_of the beginning of the universe.8 The management offered us a(n)_3% salary increase.9 Henry _between accepting and refusing.10 This battle-field is _to the memory of the soldiers who died here.11 The pianist was applauded for his incredible_.12 Sales_by 20% last year.13 The Church has no_power in the modern country.14 He could never be a film star; hes got no_15 No one would claim that the film is morally_16 He insisted on his own way and _all advice and objections.17 As soon as the drug took effect, she started_18 Some kid threw a(n)_in the middle of the store.19 Fashions are by nature fickle and_20 The hurricane caused terrible_Part two Cloze(10分)To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the_1_production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then _2_them into money. Marketing_3_,focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analysing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods _4_will satisfy them.This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that_5_trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given _6_over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction-the firm and customer-and each must be satisfied_7_trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and _8_customers. In mid-1985, Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. A significant portion of the public did not accept the new flavor, bring about a _9_ restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed_10_the new, King Customers ruled.1 A productive B efficient C affluent D proficient2 A convert B transform C switch D modify3 A on the contrary B in the meantime C however D on the other hand4 A what B then C that D and5 A ahead of B while C prior to D instead of 6 A superiority B privilege C prejudice D priority 7 A before B after C while D then 8 A looking up to B adjusting to C catering to D adapting to 9 A proper B prompt C prominent D profound10 A by B with C alongside D as Part three Reading Comprehension (50分)Question 1-5 are based on the following passage Historically, the primary responsibility for the rearing of young children belonged almost exclusively to the parents, especially the father. It was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that the State was willing to remove a young child from direct supervision of negligent or abusive parents. Even so, in order to reduce welfare costs to the rest of the community, a destitute family in early America, incapable of supporting its own members, was sometimes broken up and the children placed in other households.During the eighteenth and nineteenth century the mothers role in the upbringing of children was enhanced: Women became the primary providers of care and affection; and as mens church membership declined, women also became responsible for the catechizing and education of young children, even though they often were less literate than men. While childrearing manuals continued to acknowledge the importance of the father, they also recognized that the mother had become the major figure in the care of the young.Throughout much of Western history, as long as children remained in the home, parents exercised considerable control over them, even to the extent of arranging their marriages and influencing their career choices. Children were expected to be obedient and to contribute to the well-being of the family. And, perhaps more in Western Europe than in America, children were often expected to turn over almost all of their earning directly to the parents-sometimes even after they had left home.By the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century some of this control had been eroded, and the rights of children as individuals were increasingly recognized and acknowledged. Interestingly, the development of childrens rights has proceeded so rapidly and so far that we may now be in the midst of a backlash, as efforts are being made to re-establish parental responsibility in areas such as the reproductive behaviour of minor children.Clearly there have been major changes in the way our society treats children; but it would be very difficult for many of us to agree on the costs and benefits of these trends-whether from the viewpoint of the child, the parents, or society. Why many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family, other lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline. A historical analysis of parents and children cannot settle such disputes, but it can provide is with a better appreciation of the flexibility and resilience of the family as an institution for raising the young.1 Before the late nineteenth century in America, the rearing of children was the responsibility _A solely on the part of the household communityB mainly on the part of the household C solely on the part of the fatherD solely on the part of the mother2 The word “destitute” can best be replaced by_A poor B big C rich D irresponsible3 It can be learned from the second paragraph that during the 18th and 19th century_A women enjoyed equal education with menB womens social status was greatly improvedC men maintained their key role in child raisingD womens education was still less than mens4 As mentioned by the author, efforts to re-establish parental responsibility are_A to share community welfare burdenB in concern of minor childrens creative behaviour.C in concern of teenage parentsD to better control minor childrens expenditure5 Regarding the way American children are treated, the author is apparently_A in favor of it B worried about it C upset about itD against itQuestion 6-10 are based on the following passageRichard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners.“With virtual reality well be able to put a surgeon in every trench,” said Satava. He envisage a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D images. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path the tumor. Zamoramo is also using technology that attacks a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patients brain taken before surgery.During these proceduresoperations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are manoeuvre -surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.”6 According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine_A will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefieldB can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefieldC will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefieldD can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield7 Richard Satava has vision of_A using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseasB wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefieldC wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeonsD setting up mobile surgical units overseas8 How is virtual reality surgery performed?A It is performed by a computer-designed high precision deviceB Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computerC Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to themD A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.9 During the virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because_A he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen B the cuts can be examined from different anglesC the cuts have been highly magnifiedD he is wearing 3-D glasses10 Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they_A cause less pain to the woundedB are done by robot surgeons with greater precisionC will make human surgeons work less tediousD allow the patient to recover more quicklyQuestion 11-15 are based on the following passageWhen student complete a first draft, they consider the job of writing doneand their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft,they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a draft is completed, the job of writing can begin.That different in attitude is the difference between amateur and professional, inexperience and experience, journeyman and draftsman. Peter F.Drucker, the prolific business writer, calls his first draft “the zero draft”-after that he can start counting. Most writers share the feeling that the first draft, and all of those which follow, are opportunities to discover what they have to say and how best they can say it. To produce a progression of drafts, each of which says more and says it more clearly, the writer has to develop a special kind of reading skill. In school we are taught to decode what appears on the page as finished writing. Writers, however, face a different category of possibility and responsibility when they read their own drafts. To them the words on the words on the page are never finished. Each can be changed and rearranged, can set off a chain reaction of confusion or clarified meaning. This is a different kind of reading, which is possibly more difficult and certainly more exciting.Writers must learn to be their own best enemy. They must accept the criticism of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others and be even more suspicious of it. Writers cannot depend on others. They must detach themselves from their own pages so that they can apply both their caring and their craft to their own work.Such detachment is not easy. Science fiction writer Rau Bradbury supposedly puts each manuscript away for a year to the day and then rereads it as a stranger. Not many writers have the discipline or the time to do this. We must read when our judgment may be at its best; when we are close to the best moment of creation.Most people think that the principle problem is that writers are too proud of what they have written. Actually, a greater problem for most professional writers is one shared by the majority of students. They are overly critical, think everything is dreadful, tear up page after page, never complete a draft, and see the task as hopeless.Therefore, the writer must learn to read critically but constructively, to cut what is bad and reveal what is good. At the end of each revision, a manuscript may look worked over, torn apart, pinned together, added to, deleted from, words changed and words changed back. Yet the book must maintain its original freshness and spontaneity.11 What is the difference between a student and a professional writer toward their first draft?A A professional thinks his first draft is better plannedB A student is less confident than a professional about the first draftC A student will read his first draft more seriously than a professional.D A student sees the draft as his final work, while professional sees it as the initial of his work.12 What might the word “journeyman” in paragraph 2 mean?A apprenticeB touristC experienced while undistinguished workerD journalist13 Why does Ray Bradbury put each manuscript away for a year before he rereads it?A Because he does not like his own workB Because he feels writing is dreadfulC Because he is a person of principleD Because he needs to detach him