2023年考研英语二真题及答案.docx
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmarkA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even lookingat-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the waythey fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 undergroundIt's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other humanbeings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you.But you wouldn't know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fearrejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear we'IIbe 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are morelikely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends andacquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our securityblanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and lookup，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2023 experiment，behavioral scientists NicholasEpley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . Theyhad Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroederasked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talkingto a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they saton their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expecta positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed." 18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sanscommunication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of socialconnections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. A ticket B permit Csignall D record2. A nothing B link Canother D much3. A beaten B guided Cplugged D brought4. A message B cede Cnotice D sign5. A under B beyond C behind D from6. A misinterprete B misapplied C misadjusted D mismatched7. A fired B judged C replaced D delayed8. A unreasonable B ungreatful C unconventional D unfamiliar9. A comfortable B anxious C confident D angry10. A attend B point C take D turn11. A dangerous B mysterious C violent D boring12. A hurt B resis C bend D decay13. A lecture B conversation C debate D negotiation14. A trainees B employees C researchers D passengers15. A reveal B choose C predictl D design16. A voyage B flight C walk D ride17. A went through B did away C caught up D put up18. A In turn B In particular CIn fact D In consequence19. A unless B since C if D whereas20. A funny B simple C Iogical D rare答案：1. signal 2. Much 3. plugged 4. message 5. behind6. misinterpreted 7. judged 8. unfamiliar 9. anxious 10. turn11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact19. since 20. SimpleSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually morestressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortntlol. Which isit at stress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and foundit higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. "Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as menhave lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the researchers.Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. "it is mennot women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work," Another surprise is thatthe findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so fornonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. Formany men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, theyoften are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, andthe fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustmentsfor working women, it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they'resupposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in orderto draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical ormental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the householdin which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. Thereare a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Yourhome colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to betalked into it, or if they' re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of allelectronic devices. Plus, they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. Younever really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are thetasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home_Awas an un realistic place for relaxationBgenerated more stress than the workplaceCwas an ideal place for stress measurementD offered greater relaxation than the workplace 22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?AWorking mothersBChildless husbandsC Childless wivesDWorking fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact thay_Athey are both bread winners and housewivesBtheir home is also a place for kicking backCthere is often much housework left behindDit is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word"moola"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means_AenergyBskillsCearningsDnutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_Ahome is hardly a cozier working environmentBdivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cutChousehold tasks are generally more motivatingDfamily labor is often adequately rewarded答案：21.D offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. B childless husbands 23.A they are both bread winners and housewives24.C earnings25.B division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those whodo not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of educationachievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. Butsince such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in highereducation, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but thenwatching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduceand widen, rather than close" achievement gap based on social class, according tothe depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal PsychologicalSciense.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solutionto this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured bysuch factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins arebased on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamedprivate unive rsityFirst generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) wererecipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parentwith a four-year degreeTheir thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-wasbased on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potentialbut in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most collegestudents They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gapthat must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-gene ration students"struggle to navigate the middle-class cultureof higher education，learn the'rules of the game，'and take advantage of collegeresou rces," they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talkabout the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students BecauseUS colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affectstudents' educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight aboutwhy they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students' like them can improve 26. Recruiting more first-generation students hasAreduced their d ropout ratesBnarrowed the achievement gaoC missed its original pu rposeDdepressed college students27 The author of the research article are optimistic becauseAthe problem is solvableBtheir approach is costlessq the recruiting rate has increasedDtheir finding appeal to students28 The study suggests that most first-gene ration studentsAstudy at private universitiesBare from single-pa rent familiesq are in need of financial supportDhave failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation studentsAa re actually indifferent to the achievement gapBcan have a potential influence on othe r studentsC may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projectsDare inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We mayinfer from the last paragraph that-Auniversities often rect the culture of the middle-classBstudents are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesCsocial class g reatly helps en rich educational experiencesDcolleges are partly responsible for the problem in question答案：26.C missed its original purpose27.A the problem is solvable28.C are in need of financial support29.D are inexperienced in handling issues at college30.D colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3Even in traditional offices，"the lingua franca of corporate America hasgottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，" said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning offexamples."If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we wouldsee much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didn't talk about energy；we didn't talk about passion."Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very"team"-oriented-and not by coincidence."Let's not forget sDorts-in male-dominatedcorporate America，it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious；it's theidea that I'm a coach，and you're my team，and we're in this togethec. There arelots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves ascoaches and this is their team and they want to win".These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana pointsout，increase allegiance to the firm."You have the importation of terminology thathistorically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religiousorganizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，"saidKhurana This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amidincreasingly loud debates over work-life balance The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still can'thave it alland books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In，whose title has become abuzzword in itsown right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are allabout setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work is your"passion," you'II be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means goinghome for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bedBut this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanagers love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunbergsaid，"You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same timethat you buy intoit." In a workplace that's fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaningoffice speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your workdefines who you are31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_Amore e motionalBmore objectiveCless energeticDless energeticEless strategic32."team"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_Ahistorical incidentsBgender differenceCsports cultureDathletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_Arevive historical termsBpromote company imageCfoster corporate cooperationDstrengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In_Avoices for working womenBappeals to passionate workaholicsCtriggers dcbates among mommiesDpraises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?AManagers admire it but avoid itBLinguists believe it to be nonsenseCCompanies find it to be fundamentalDRegular people mock it but accept it答案： 31.A more emotional32.C sports culture33.D strengthen employee loyalty34.A voices for working women35.C companies find it to be fundamentalText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled forJure, a
