2023年人教版初二下册英语第二单元知识点归纳.doc

Unit 2   What should I do? 【单元目的】 目的句型： 1. What should I do? 2. Why dont you? 3. You could 4. You should 5. You shouldnt 语法：情态动词的用法 【重难点分析】情态动词(Modal Verbs )情态动词和其他动词连用，可表达说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、规定、也许和意愿等。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的尚有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情态动词的时态关系：1. 现在式 can - 过去式 could 2. 现在式 may - 过去式 might3. 现在式 shall - 过去式 should 4. 现在式 will - 过去式 would5. 现在式 must - 过去式 must （常用had to来代替）二、情态动词表达“也许”或“预测”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)（1）can 和 could 用于表达“也许”或“预测”：1. He can't be at home. (否认句)他不也许在家。2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)这消息也许是真的吗?3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表达理论上的也许性) 任何人都也许犯错误。（2）may 和 might 用于表达“事实上的也许性”或“预测”：1. It may rain tomorrow. (表达也许会发生) 明天也许会下雨。2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表达预测) 今天下午也许会下雪。3. You might be right. (表达有也许) 你也许是对的。（3）will 和 would 用于表达“预测”或“习惯性”：1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表达一定会)我想他现在一定好了。2. That would be his mother.(would be 表达肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表达经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。（4）shall 和 should 用于表达“必然”：1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。（5）must 用于表达“必然”，“必会”：1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。2. All mankind must die.(表达必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？三、情态动词表达“许可”、“请求”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)（1）can 和 could 用于表达“许可”、“请求”：1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗？2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表达过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will 和 would 用于表达“请求”1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表达客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走？2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表达更客气) 请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表达征求对方的意见1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表达更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做？3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？（4）may 和 might 用于表达“许可”(口语中多用 can )1. You may take a walk. (表达给予许可) 你可以散散步。2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表达不许可或严禁) 学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表达请求) 你是不对的，假如我可以这么说的话。（5）must 用于表达“严禁”，“不准”：1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表达不许可) 此地不准停车。2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强) 你们不准在池里钓鱼。四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)1argue v争论；争吵 argue with sb与某人吵架  I argued with my best friend我和我的好朋友吵架了。2 either   adv.（用于否认句）也  He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either他没有钱，我也没有。  too 也（用于肯定或疑问句）  Im a teacherHe is a teacher, too我是老师，他也是老师。  We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗？  3ask （sb）for sth向某人寻求某物；要   Don't ask for food every dayGo and find some work 别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。  4the same as. 与相同 The clothes are the same as my friends'这些衣服与我朋友的同样。  5except 除以外；（不涉及在内） My class has been invited except me Only I haven't been invited除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。 besides 除以外（涉及在内） We all went there besides him He went thereWe went there, too涉及他在内，我们都去了。 6wrong adj错误的；有毛病的；不合适的 What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒适?) Whats wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。 adv错误地；不对的地；不对地 He answered wrong他答错了。 7get on well with sb与某人相处融洽 We get on well with each other我们彼此相处融洽。 8have a fight with sb fight with sb与某人打架 I dont want to have a fight with my cousin 我不想和我的堂兄打架。 五、重要句型(Key Sentences Structures) What should I do?  You could write him a letter What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him What should they do? They shouldn't argue 六、词语辨析 1. borrow sth. from sb.   从某人处借进某物   lend sth. to sb.（= lend sb. sth. ）   把某物借给某人 2. get sb. to do  使做（以人为对象时，有“说服使做”的含义）     Youll never get her to agree.  你决不也许使她批准。 ask sb. to do  邀请（人）做    We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参与聚会 tell sb. to do让某人做某事      The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完毕那项工作。3、be in style   时髦的，流行的   be out of style    过时的，不时髦的 七、课文解释1、I dont want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。    此处surprise是及物动词  surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊    eg. My friend always surprises me.2、talk about it on the phone  用电话就此事进行交流eg. Call Jim on the phone.  找吉姆听电话。     Lily, you are wanted on the phone.  莉莉，你的电话3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call   给某人打电话He called me (up) from New York.  他从纽约给我打来电话=He gave me a call from New York.4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb.    给某人写信5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券   eg. They got two tickets to tonights show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。6、She has the same haircut as I do.  她和我有相同的发型。eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。7、find out （研究、努力的结果）发现，查出，找出You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应当自己去找答案。8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.  除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面9、I cant think what I did wrong.  我真想不出我做错了什么。此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句，作think的宾语应用陈述语序。10、Im very upset and dont know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I dont know what I should do.”11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。此句中 you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。Leave sth. +介词短语，是“把忘在，落在（某处）的意思。eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。13、You should try to be funny.  你应当试着风趣一些。   Try to do努力做，试着做，尽量做   try not to do  是尽量不做eg. Please try not to be late again.  请尽量不要再迟到。14、Their school days are busy enough.  他们的学校生活是够忙的。  enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表达“足够的”eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。15、be under too much pressure.  在太多的压力下16、see other children doing a lot of things    看别的孩子在做许多事    see sb. doing    看见某人正在干某事eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球 17、find it hard to do sth.  发现做（事）很难       He found it hard to learn math well.  他发现学好数学很难