2023年5月CATTI三级笔译真题及答案.doc

2023年5月CATTI三级笔译真题及答案Section1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal =Jobs.”犹他州东部有一个矿产丰富的小镇，那里的人们祖祖辈辈都以采煤为生。一提起在地下辛劳采煤时的情景，每个家庭总是倍感骄傲。街道两旁的煤炭供应公司一个挨着一个。在通往矿井的蜿蜒小路上方的广告牌上，一个满脸炭灰的矿工凝视着远方，旁边的标语写着“煤炭=工作”。But recently, fear has settled in. The states oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.但是最近，小镇的人们心里充满了恐惊。联邦政府新颁布了一套更为严格的污染管理条例，这使得小镇附近峡谷之中的一家美国最古老的燃煤电厂频临倒闭。As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.由于能源公司纷纷弃用煤炭，转而使用更清洁、更便宜的天然气，小镇的人们越来越胆怯，他们的家园也许不久就会人去楼空。卡本电厂的几十名工人早就意识到，他们要么提前退休，要么另谋职业。本地的货运和装配人员正准备开发外地的业务。“There are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18.凯尔戴维斯从18岁起，一直在卡本电厂工作。他说：“很多人都在担忧。”Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954.戴维斯先生今年56岁，从清洁工人一直做到电厂的经营主管。卡本电厂的高炉从1954年开工，一直燃烧至今。“I would have liked to be here for another five years,” he said. “Im too young to retire.”他说：“假如也许，我还想再工作五年。毕竟我还很年轻，没到退休年龄。”But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that itwould be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April2023.公共事业公司落基山电力公司是卡本电厂的经营者，公司已经决定，要达成联邦政府最新规定的水银排放标准，就必须改造日趋老化的电厂，而改造费用实在是太贵了，并不可行。电厂计划在2023年4月关闭。“We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”大卫艾斯凯尔森是电力公司的发言人。他说：“三年来，我们一直在不断地努力改善，尝试各种合规策略。通过调查，这些策略都不能满足政府的规定。”For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas.近年来，政府的环境保护条例更加苛刻，人们用电的需求量逐渐下滑，加之公共事业公司打算向天然气转型，美国境内已有数家燃煤电厂被迫关闭。This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the countrys largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2023,more than150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.田纳西河流域管理局是美国最大的公共电力公司。本月，其董事会投票表决，关闭位于阿拉巴马州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤电厂，部分电厂转整天然气电厂。2023年起，150多家燃煤电厂有的已经关闭，有的即将关闭。The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality.美国环保局估计，这些针对燃煤电厂制定的更为严格的排放管理条例将节省数十亿美元的健康储蓄金，明显改善空气质量。In recent weeks, the agency held 11 “listening sessions” around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.二氧化碳排放的补充条款颁布之前，美国环保局近几周来在全国范围内召开了11场“听证会”。“Coal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,” said Bruce Nilles, director of the Sierra Clubs Beyond Coal campaign, which wants to shut all of the nations coal plants.布鲁斯尼尔斯是塞拉俱乐部“超越煤炭”活动的负责人，该行动旨在关闭美国所有的燃煤电厂。他说“燃煤电厂是美国危险性最大的碳污染源，我们已经采用其他能源代替煤炭，比如风力发电和太阳能发电。”For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too, especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2023mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside.对于这里的许多人来说，采煤对他们再熟悉但是了。卡本的煤炭工业在困难时间也能把人们团结起来，特别是2023年矿难发生后的黑暗时期。那次矿难发生在距离公路南35英里的矿区，矿难导致九人死亡，普里斯附近每一个人几乎都结识遇难者，有六名遇难者至今还埋在山里。But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change if not now, soon.尽管如此，人们心里还是默默地认可，卡本县必须改变，现在不变，不久也会变。David Palacioss father, Pete, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job. He was12, and earned $1 a day.大卫帕拉西奥斯的父亲名叫皮特，在矿区工作了43年，见证了卡本煤炭工业的兴衰。皮特今年86岁，当回忆第一次采煤的情景，他双眼湿润了。那年他才12岁，天天挣1美元。“Im retired, so Ill be fine. But these young guys?” Pete Palacios said, his voice trailing off.“我退休了，日子会好过一些。可是这样年轻人呢”皮特帕拉西奥斯说，声音低不可闻。 Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation (50 points)天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第一关”、“中国重晶石之乡”、“贵州高原黄金城”之称。Located east of Guizhou, Tianzhu County is an important gateway from Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou to Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It has long been knownas the “First Pass in East Guizhou”, the “home of Barite in China” and the “Gold City on the Guizhou Plateau”.天柱县总面积2201平方公里，辖16个乡镇，326个行政村，总人口41万余人，以侗、苗族为主的少数民族人口占98.3%。是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。With atotal area of 2,201 square kilometers, Tianzhu County is composed of 16townships and 326 administrative villages. Ethnic minorities, predominantly Dong and Miao, constitute 98.3% of the local population of more than 410thousand. It is one of the counties with the highest concentration of ethnic minorities in Guizhou.天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基地，享有“黔东粮仓”的美誉。本地年产烟叶2.6万担（一担=50公斤），是中国烟叶主产区。这里林业资源丰富，森林面积达185万亩（一亩=1/15公顷），覆盖率达56%，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。重晶石、黄金、煤等矿产资源也十分丰富。Tianzhu boasts abundant natural resources. Endowed with moderate climate and fertile soil, it is a major grain production base in Guizhou and is reputed as the “Breadbasket in East Guizhou”. It is also a major tobacco leaf producer in China with an annual output of 26thousand dans (one dan=50 kilograms). Furthermore, the extensive forests in the county cover an area of 1.85 million mus (one mu=1/15 hectare), 56% of the countys total area. Besides being one of the ten largest county-level bases of forest resources in Guizhou, it also abounds in barite, gold, coal and other mineral resources. 天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展，综合实力日益增长，人民生活水平在不断提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，基础设施建设得以加强，城乡面貌日新月异。“生态环境优美，文化教育优越，综合服务优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力”的新天柱呈现在世人面前。Benefiting from the countrys “go west” campaign, Tianzhu County has entered into a fast track of development. Many encouraging changes in comprehensive strengths have taken place in Tianzhu: steady economic growth, improvement of the peoples livelihood, adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, as well as infrastructure improvement. And today Tianzhu is presenting a new image featuring a sound ecological environment, developed culture and education, improved comprehensive services and habitat conditions, as well as a more vibrant economy to the world. （秋阳、本译文来自网络）文章的第一段正是我们在翻译课上反复强调的7大成分不做主句解决的一个典型实例。我们着重讲授了如下7个成分一般情况下不在英语句子中充当重要句子成分，而是解决为附带或次要成分，这样才可以将英语的语句解决得错落有致，层次分明。7大成分涉及：历史，文化，人口，地理位置，创建时间，占地面积以及对主语的基本界定。第一段中涉及“地理位置”，“对主语的基本界定”。按照我们所讲的方法，把地理位置放在句首作为独立结构，然后出现主语，再连接对主语的基本界定，即同位语短语，最后是主句。Located in eastern Guizhou Province, Tianzhu County, an important gateway to Provinces of Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang from Sichuan Province, Chongqing and Guizhou Province, is known to the world as “the First Pass in Eastern Guizhou”, “the Land of Barite in China” and “the Gold Town on the Guizhou Plateau.”文章的第二段出现了7大成分中的“占地面积”和“人口”，因此，我们把该段的语序适当调整一下，先译“占地面积”，然后出现主语，后面紧跟同位语，即对主语的基本界定，最后是主句。Covering a total area of 2,201 kilometers, Tianzhu County, one of the counties in Guizhou Province with the highest concentration of ethnic minorities with a population of 410,000, predominated by the Dong and the Miao ethnicities, making up 98.3% of the local population, holds jurisdiction over 16 townships and 326 administrative villages.第三段有5句，按照我们课上所讲的方法，第一句和第二句合并可以解决成如下versions，体现动词谓语的变化或带有宗教色彩的动词,此外，我们所讲的“是”字的译法，“特点”的英译也可以充足表现出来。“蕴藏”一词可以译成：boast, be blessed with/be favored with, be endowed with,“气候温和，土壤肥沃”应当可以将其视为“特点”，“是”一词可以译成：serve as, function as, play the role of,Version 1.Featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil, Tianzhu, boasting abundant natural resources, serves as a major base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.”Version 2.Tianzhu,blessed with abundant natural resources and featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil, serves as a major base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.”此外，假如将我们在中国茶文化语篇中讲的用词，也可以这样来译：Be home to sth.表达蕴藏，富有，是。的故乡。Featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil,Tianzhu, home to abundant natural resources, serves as a major base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.”第三句翻译的要点在于“产”字，由于“烟叶”是一种农作物，因此，建议使用“yield”做动词或名词来译该句。This locality is also a major tobacco producer in China with an annual yield of 26,000 dans (1 dan =50 kilograms).第四句的要点是将森林面积作为附带成分，使用介词短语来表达。还应注意英语句子连词丰富的特点，在该句的开始应当与上一个句子有一个承上启下的连词，表达其递进关系。Furthermore, it is favored with rich and vast forests with a total forest area of 1.85 million mus (1 mu=1/15 hectares), covering 56% of the area, as one of the top ten largest bases of forest resources in Guizhou.第五句“十分丰富”可由形容词短语作表语转换成动词短语。It also abounds in such mineral resources as barite, gold, coal, etc.最后一段汉语由三个句子组成，第一句可以运用我们课上所讲的witness这一句型来译：Chinas “Going West” development program has witnessed the rapid rise of Tianzhu County.还可以译成：Greatly benefiting from Chinas “Going West” development program, Tianzhu County has been rapidly developing.用“greatly benefiting from”来表达“得益于”。第二句一方面要梳理句子结构，我们课上讲的4Cs的第一个C，即connotation，把该句的逻辑关系梳理清楚，“城乡面貌日新月异”可以是对该句前边内容的一个概括总结，采用“总分结构”解决：Remarkable changes have taken place in the county: steady economic growth, ever-growing improvement of the peoples living standards, increasing adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure as well as the infrastructure improvement.第三句“的新天柱呈现在世人面前”可以调整到句首，把前面的若干成分做该句宾语后的定语解决：Tianzhu is unfolding a new picture of its sound ecological environment, well-developed culture and education, improved comprehensive services, ideal living conditions and dynamic economic growth.相信，我们的同学会在本次考试中取得骄人的成绩，同时也提醒各位考生以本次的汉译英语段命题作为此后汉译英语段翻译的一个风向标，对说明文的翻译加强练习，以应对此后的三级，甚至二级笔译实务中的语句解决。 2023年5月三级笔译【天津翻译专修学院】Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.” 世世代代，煤炭始终是东犹他州这片矿产丰富地区的命脉。采煤的家庭自豪地回忆起他们在地下艰苦劳作的岁月。小镇的街道上煤炭供应公司鳞次栉比。在那蜿蜒曲折通往煤矿的山路上方，从广告牌的一侧露出一张矿工充满煤灰的脸，旁边写着这样的一句标语“煤碳=饭碗。” But recently, fear has settled in. The states oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations. 但最近，恐惊之感渐渐袭来。由于新颁布的联邦排放法规更严格，该州位于镇附近峡谷中的最古老的燃煤电厂已拟定关闭。 As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere. 随着能源公司脱离煤炭，转向更清洁，更便宜的天然气，这里的人们也越来越紧张他们的社区会不久悄然消失。在这里的工厂-卡本发电厂(碳发电厂)里的几十个工人已经得知，他们必须提前退休或寻求其他工作。本地的运送和设备装置公司正准备到其它地方寻找业务。 “There are a lot of people worried,”said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18. 凯尔·戴维斯自18岁就一直在这家工厂做工，他说：“这里有很多人在紧张”。 Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954. 戴维斯先生现年56岁，他一路努力工作，从扫地工升任为工厂的业务主管，该厂的火炉自1954年以来一直在燃烧。 “I would have liked to be here for another five years,”he said. “Im too young to retire.” “我原本打算在这里再干五年，”他说。“我还太年轻，退休早了点。” But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2023. 但管理这家工厂的洛基山电力公司认为，要改造老化的工厂来满足对汞排放的新的联邦标准这一做法实在成本太高。该工厂预计将于2023年四月关闭。 “We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.” 该电厂的发言人大卫·艾斯克森说：“在过去的三年中，我们的时间重要用于检测电厂的各种合规策略。我们的检测发现，任何一种合规策略都无法达成新法规的规定。” For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas. This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the countrys largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2023, more than 150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement. 近几年来，由于环保法规更加严格、电力需求不断下降、而公用事业公司又转向天然气供应，全国各地的燃煤电厂纷纷关闭。本月，全国最大的公共电力公司-田纳西流域管理局董事会投票决定，关闭位于阿拉巴马州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤电厂并将其中一些电厂升级为燃气电厂。自2023年以来，有150多家燃煤电厂已经关闭或即将退役。 The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality. In recent weeks, the agency held 11 “listening sessions” around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions. 环保局预计，更加严格的排放法规将能节省数十亿美元的医疗开支并将对空气质量产生全面的影响/能明显改善空气质量。最近几周，环保局在建议出台二氧化碳排放补充条例之前，在全国范围内举行了11次“听证会”。 “Coal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,” said Bruce Nilles, director of the Sierra Clubs Beyond Coal campaign, which wants to shut all of the nations coal plants. 塞拉俱乐部发起的“超越煤炭”运动希望关闭全国所有的燃煤电厂。该运动的负责人布鲁斯·奈尔斯说：“在美国，燃煤电厂是危险的碳排放的最大恶源。我们已有现成的方法比如用风能和太阳能取代燃煤电厂。” For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too, especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2023 mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside. But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change if not n