2022年高中英语虚拟语气语法讲解.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语虚拟语气语法讲解2022-08-14 00:00 高中英语虚拟语气语法讲解 虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,疑心,推测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实；在条件句中的应 用,条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句；非真实条 件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情形,故采纳虚拟语气；一、虚拟语气在从句中的使用 虚拟语气即表达不行能发生或与预期相反的情形；第一我们应熟识它在三种时 态里的使用情形,这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础；这三种时态是：现在；过 去；将来；1、表示现在的虚拟式与现在事实相反从句主句动词的过去式 be 的过would/ should/ could/ 与过去事实相反去式一般用 weremight + 动词原形had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式, should + would/ should/ could/ 动词原形, were to + might + 动词原形动词原形If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 去；假如我是只鸟,我就会飞到你身边If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 假如不是他们的帮忙,我们就会处于一个特别困难的境地；2、表示过去的虚拟式与现在事实相反从句主句动词的过去式 be 的过would/ should/ could/ 与过去事实相反去式一般用 weremight + 动词原形had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词名师归纳总结 与将来事实相反动词过去式, should + would/ should/ could/ 第 1 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 动词原形, were to + might + 动词原形 动词原形 If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. 假如我们早一点动身的话,就不会误车了；If she hadnt been ill, she might have come. 假如她不是病了,可能会来的3、表示将来的虚拟式与现在事实相反从句主句动词的过去式 be 的过would/ should/ could/ 与过去事实相反去式一般用 weremight + 动词原形had + 过去分词would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式, should + would/ should/ could/ 动词原形, were to + might + 动词原形动词原形 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. 假如李教授明天有空的话,我们可以问他点问题；If there should be no air, there would be no living things. 假如没有空气,就不会有生物；二、错综时间的虚拟句通常情形下 , 在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一样的 , 但有 时也可能指不同的时间 , 这时要依据上下文的意思采纳不同的谓语动词形式 . If I were you, I would have taken his advice. 去 ；换成我是你,我就会听从他的建议；从句指现在 , 主句指过If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 从句指过去 , 主句指现在 ；假如我今日早上带了雨衣,现在就不会被淋湿了；If we hadn t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly.从句指过去,主句指现在；假如过去几年里不努力工作,现在的情形就不会如此顺当了；名师归纳总结 If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be 第 2 页,共 5 页growing still better.从句指过去,主句指现在；假如当时的天气更好- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 点,现在的庄稼就会长得更好； If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. 从句指现在,主句指将来假如现在一切仍没预备好,明天情形就更糟了；三、含蓄条件句有时假设的情形并不以条件从句表示出来, 二是暗含在上下文中 , 比方通过介词短语来表示；这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise 等；如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 假如不是听了你的建议,我就不会做的如此胜利；The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 没有开放的政策,就不会有如此大的变化；I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我当时很忙,否就,我就会把答案告知他的；四、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用1、wish 后的宾语从句 would rather sooner 后也是如此 I would rather they came tomorrow. 我宁愿他们明天来；How I wish it wasnt raining now. 假如现在不下雨该多好呀！I wish I had not been to yesterdays party. 我要不去参与昨天的宴会就好了！但 would rather 后没有主语就应使用零不定式 . 2、suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句 They demanded that the aggressor troops should be withdrawn immediately. 他们要求入侵者马上撤退； I propose that we should set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我提议应当制定一个交方案的最终期限；3、it is desired, its suggested, its requested, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - that, it has been decided that 等之后的主语从句： It is necessary that he should be sent there at once. 派他前往；有必要马上It s required that Mr. Lee should give a performance at the party. 要求李先生在晚会上出个节目；It s desired that we should get everything ready by tonight. 要求我们在今晚前把一切预备好；4、在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中： The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village. 要求全部村民撤退的命令下达了；I second Xiao Lis motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem. 小李提议成立一个特殊委员会处理此问题,我附议；5、在以下句型中要用 should + 动词原形；如： it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 很惋惜,他这个人竟然这么自大；It s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 古怪的是他竟看不到自己的缺点；6、as if, as though 引起的从句,其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样 I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我清晰地记得这件事就象昨天刚刚发生的； It seems as if it were spring already 好像现在已经是春天的样子了；7、以 lest, for fear that, in case 引出的从句,动词多用 should + 动词原形,表示“ 惟恐” 的意思； He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain. 雨；他带上雨伞以免下 He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy's hands. 他把全部的重要文件全部烧毁以免落入敌人的手中；名师归纳总结 Heres some money in case you should need it. 这是点钱以免你用地第 4 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 着；8、在 if only 引出的感叹句中If only I hadnt lost it. If only I could see him once. 假如我要不丢该多好！再能看到他一次该有多好！ Oh, if he only knew how we miss him. 噢,期望他能知道我是多么想念他！9、在 it is high time that 虚拟语气；之后的定语从句中,谓语动词常用过去式表表示 It is time that we went should go to bed. 现在该上床了；It s high time that we should put an end to this controversy.现在该是终止这场争论的时候了；10、用于 expect, believe, think, suspect 语从句中；等动词的否认或疑问形式后的宾名师归纳总结 I never expected that the new apartment should be so small. 没料到第 5 页,共 5 页这桩新公寓竟这么小；- - - - - - -