2022年高中英语语法权威解析一---名词性从句.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 渝东南家教中心专用资料在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 Noun Clauses）； 名词性从句 的功能相当于名词词组 , 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,式主语 it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾；1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平稳句子结构,主语从句的连接词没 有变化；而 it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词 that；被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom；例如：a It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真惋惜；b It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你胜利与否不感兴趣；c It is in the morning that the murder took place.（强调句型）谋杀案是在早上发生的；d It is John that broke the window. 是 John打碎的窗户；（强调句型）2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 1 It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that It is common knowledge that 2 It is 形容词 从句 特别荣幸 是常识It is natural thatIt is strange that很自然古怪的是好像碰巧好像3 It is 不及物动词 从句It seems thatIt happened thatIt appears that4 It 过去分词 从句It is reported that据报道It has been proved that已证明It is said that据说3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：（1）if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；（2）It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 渝东南家教中心专用资料错误表达： That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. 错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely. 4. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语宾语表语,而 that 就不然；例如：a What you said yesterday is right. b That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词及物动词 或介词之后；1. 作动词的宾语 1 由 that 引导的宾语从句 that 通常可以省略 , 例如：I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了；2 由 what, whether if 引导的宾语从句,例如：a She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么；b I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 否能帮我改一下笔记；我想知道你是3 动词间接宾语宾语从句；例如：的邀请；She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我2. 作介词的宾语,例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们 的胜利取决于我们之间的合作；3. 作形容词的宾语,例如：I am afraid that Ive made a mistake. 我唯恐我已经犯了一个错误；留意： that 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类 词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句；4. it 可以作为形式宾语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 渝东南家教中心专用资料it 不仅可以作为形式主语,仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句就放在句尾,特殊是在带复合宾语的句子中；例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了；5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词这类动词有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,可以用 that 引导的宾语从句；如：但不正确表达： I admire their winning the match. 错误表达： I admire that they won the match. 6. 不行用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不行用于“ 动词间接宾语 that 从句“ 结构中,常见的有 envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate 等；例如：正确表达： He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的转移如主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语 上,从句谓语用确定式；例如：I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后, 一般结构是 “ 主语连系动词表语从句”；可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等；引导表语从句的 that 常可省略； 另外,常用的仍有 the reason is that和 It is because 等结构；例如：1 The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. t get the support of the people. 2 This is why we can 3 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4 The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句；1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由 that 引导,例如：1 The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surpri sed all the people. 2 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 渝东南家教中心专用资料2. 同位语在句子中的位置如：同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开； 例He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分 1 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分 （主语或宾语）,而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用, 不充当句中任何成 分；2 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定 的性质或特点；同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明；例如：（他告知我的消息 1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.是汤姆明年将出国；）（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句, that 在从句中作宾语）2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤姆将出国的消息是他讲 的；）（同位语从句, that 在句中不作任何成分）名词性从句专项练习 1_he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If 2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about 3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that 4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 5. This is _the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when 6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go s fear _he would die of the disease.C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patientA. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave 9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether 10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 渝东南家教中心专用资料research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true. A. that B. what C. why D. whether t matter.12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnA. That B. Whether C. If D. Where 13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. ._more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. That C. Who D. How 17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That 19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. 名师归纳总结 A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 第 5 页,共 5 页20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where Keys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA - - - - - - -