2022年高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介规章动词的过去分词一般是由动词加 就动词表；过去分词就属于类动词ed 构成 详细规章见后 ,不规章动词的过去分词见不规1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语, 与句子主语是被动关系, 表示主语的状态, 不但表示被动, 仍表示已完成了 .The cup is broken. 茶杯破了 . , 与句子主语是主动关系, 表示主语的状态, 只表示动作的完2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语成. He is retired. 他已退休 . 3. 有些过去分词作表语时 , 构成的谓语很接近被动结构 . 一、当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山 . 【留意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区分 : 过去分词作表语 , 主要是表示主语的状态 , 而被动语态就表示动作 . 1 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的 . 是被动语态 , 表示动作 2 The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了 . 过去分词作表语 【留意】过去分词表示被动或完成 , -ing 形式表示主动或进行 . 有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人 , 用 -ing 形式来修饰物 . 3 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很好玩 , 我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词 , 其规律主语就是它所修饰的名词 . 及物动词的过去分词作定语 , 既表被动又表完成 ; 不及物动词的过去分词作定语 , 只表完成 . 1. 过去分词用作定语 , 假如是单个的 , 常置于其所修饰的名词之前 . We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必需使我们的思想适应转变了的情形. , 其意义相当于一个定语从句, 但2. 过去分词短语用作定语时, 一般置于其所修饰的名词之后较从句简洁 , 多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success. 他们伴侣举办的音乐会大为胜利 . 3. 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语 , 前后常有逗号 . The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举办了欢迎英雄的大会, 到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物 修饰人 , 但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关 . , 这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接名师归纳总结 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着中意的表情举目而视. 第 1 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三、当过去分词作为状语1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作. 由于写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是 1 Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 很好 . 【留意】 written 为过去分词作状语 , 表示这篇文章是被写的 , 而且已经被写 . 值得留意的是 ,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构 , 作状语时不表被动而表主动 . 这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost 迷路 ; seated 坐; hidden 躲; stationed 驻扎 ; lost / absorbed in 沉溺于 ; born 出身于 ; dressed in 穿着 ; tired of 厌烦 . 2 Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. 由于沉溺于摸索之中, 所以他没听到那个声音. , 此时应留意人称一样. 2. 过去分词作状语时其规律主语为主句的主语 1 Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时, 我也能解这道题.given 为过去分词作状语, 它的规律主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时. 2_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 从山顶看城市 , 城市显得更美丽 .seen 为过去分词作状语 , 表" 被看 ", 由语境可知 , 它的规律主语必需是城市 , 而不是 " 我们 ", 由于 " 我们 " 应主动看城市 . 【留意】假如过去分词作状语时 , 前面再加规律主语 , 主句的主语就不再是分词的规律主语 , 这种带规律主语的过去分词结构实际上属于 独立主格结构 . 1 The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出 , 汽车就开动了 .the signal 是 given 的规律主语 , 因此主句主语 the bus 就不是 given 的规律主语 . 2 Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去 .her head 是held high 的规律主语 , 因此主句主语 she 就不再是 held high 的规律主语 . 3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句 . 1 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 由于淋了一场大雨 , 所以他全身湿透了 . caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作缘由状语, 它来源于缘由状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain. 2_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 假如种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快. grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语, 它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil. 【留意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时仍可保留连词 语. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 定. , 构成 " 连词 +过去分词 " 结构作状当你做体格检查时要保持镇4. 过去分词作状语的位置. 过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语, 后面有逗号与主句隔开; 也可放在主句后面 , 前面有逗号与主句隔开. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他悄悄地站在那里, 被感动得热泪盈眶. 四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语名师归纳总结 一 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类: 第 2 页,共 10 页1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词. 如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. 1 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌. 过去分词sung的动作明显先于谓语动作heard; - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发觉他的家乡变化很大. 过去分词 changed的动作明显先于谓语动作 found 2. 表示 " 致使 " 意义的动词 . 如:have, make, get, keep, leave 等. 1 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发 . 2 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了 . 3 Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完 . 3. 表示思维活动的动词如 consider, know , think 等后；如： 1 I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了； 2 I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中被愚弄了；4. 表示爱憎 .意愿的动词如 want , wish , like, hate 等后；如： 1 I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票；2 He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起；【留意】过去分词所表示的动作肯定和宾语有规律上的动宾关系 . 二 使役动词 have 接过去分词作宾补有两种情形 . 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成 . He had his money stolen. 他的钱给偷了 . 被别人偷去了 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经受 . He had his leg broken. 他的腿断了 . 自己的经受 五、 "with + 宾语 +过去分词 " 的结构此结构中 , 过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语 . 这一结构通常在句中作时间 , 方式 , 条件 , 原因等状语 . 1 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了, 他的双手被绑在背后. 表方式 2 With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热 , 我们就会看到水蒸气 . 表条件 3 With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决 , 我们都回家了 . 表缘由 4_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前 , 眼睛凝视着他 . 5 He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍旧举着手站了一会儿 . 练习1. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _. A. looked for B. cared for C. take care of D. cared after 3. The two old sisters, _ so long, held each other and burst into tears. A. being separated B. having been separated C. having separated D. had been separated 4. Let s have a rest. The _ work made me very _. A. tired; tired B. tiring; tiring C. tired; tiring D. tiring; tired 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out. A. adding B. to have added C. to add D. added 6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _ about what is happening in the world. A. informing B. to inform C. informed D. being informed 7. Everyone was _ by his _ progress which he made during the two months. A. surprised; surprise B. surprised; surprised C. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprising 8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _ him. A. looking B. watch at C. fixing on D. staring at 9. The film you saw last light was made _ on a true story that happened many years ago. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 10. After _ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English. A. finished B. being finished C. having finished D. be finishing 11. Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when _the medicine. A. you will take B. taking C. to take D. taken 12. The students, _ their teachers, came home. A. followed B. follow C. following D. will follow 13. The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people s sadness, _ no result. A. reached B. to reach C. would reach D. reaching 14. They spent the night _ in the room. A. having locked B. locking C. to be locked D. locked 15. He wrote a letter to the king _. A. hoping to be set free B. to set him free C. so that be set free D. asked to be set free 16. Steven has devoted all his life to _ films, and Kate, his wife, is also _ to the duty of her profession. A. make; devoted D. make; devoting B. making; devoting C. making; devoted 17. _ in the dark, his head hit against a tree. A. Walking B. He was walking C. Walked D. When he was walking 18. Time should be made good use _ our lessons well. A. of learning B. to learn C. to learning D. of to learn 19. The film, _ true story of this Red Army general, attracted peoples interest all over the country. 名师归纳总结 A. is based on B. is on the base of 第 4 页,共 10 页C. which is the base of D. based upon - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_. A. stole B. missing C. missed D. losing 21. _ it rains, we will stay at home. A. Supposed B. Supposing C. To suppose D. If suppose 22. _ with yours, our library is _ too small a size. in A. Comparing; in B. Comparing; of C. Compared; D. Compared; of D. burns 23. Its dangerous to carry a hot pan with _ oil.A. burning B. burnt C. burn 24. We were told that the stone figure _ back to the 16th century was of great value. A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept 25. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _ and his glaring eyes _ straight upwards. A. set; looked D. setting; looking B. set; looking C. setting; looked 26. _ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals. A. Having lost B. Losing C. Lost D. He was lost 27. The Golden Gate Bridge, _ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous. A. which is built B. which built C. having built D. built 28. I suggested the cheat _ into prison. A. referred to being put B. referred be put C. referred should be put D. referred to be put 29. _, I went out for a walk. A. There was nothing to do B. There being nothing to do C. There had nothing to do D. Had nothing to do 30. He returned home to learn that the girl _ had been married the secretary village. A. became engaged to him B. was engaged to him C. engaged to him before D. got engaged to him 31. _ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents. A. Disappointed B. To be disappointed C. Disappointing D. Having disappointed 32. _ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by _ enemy soldiers. A. Hidden; armed B. Hide; armed C. hidden; arm D. Hiding; armed 33. To have the wonderful cloth _ new clothes, they had the machine _ all day long. 名师归纳总结 A. made of; running D. made into; work B. made of; run C. made into; 第 5 页,共 10 页working - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 34. The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _ our Chinese 15- year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends 35. If _ in wet sand, the vegetables can_ fresh for a long time. A. being buried; remain B. buried; remain C. buried; be remained D. burying; remain 36. _ over and over again, but he still could nt understand.A. Having explained B. having been explained C. Explaining D. It had been explained 37. Everything _, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice. A. considering B. taken into consideration C. to consider D. taking into consideration 38. _ from the moon, our earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “ blue ball” .seeing; covering C. Seen; A. Seen; covered B. covering D. To see; to cover 39. A great big fellow, _around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket. A. weighed B. weighing C. weighs D. weighty 40. - The plan _ is of great importance to everybody. - I see. He is sure to finish it on time. A. made B. making C. to be made D. to make 41. From the dates_ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked 42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load _ my mind. A. taking off B. to be taken off C. having taken off D. taken off 43. The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes _. A. widely open B. wide opened C. widely opened D. wide open 44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife _ him. A. being supported B. supporting C. supported D. support 45. The noise of the machines _ can be clearly heard in our classroom. A. fixed B. being fixed C. to be fixed D. having been fixed 46. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _. A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled 47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ 名师归纳总结 on benches, chairs, or boxes. A. having seated B. 第 6 页,共 10 页seating C. seated D. seat ppointing. Looked 48. _ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disaA. To look at B. Looking at C. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - at D. To be looked at 49. _ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000. A. To be judged the best B. Having judged the best C. Judged the best D. Judging the best 50. The president promised to keep all the board members _ of how the negotiations were going on. A. inform B. informing C. be informed D. informed 51. _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 52. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn 53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 54. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 56. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait D. To have waited B. Have waited C. Having waited 57. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A