2022年职称英语考试理工类B级试题.doc

全国职称外语等级考试试卷理工类B级第1部分：词汇选项（第11 5题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线, 请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。1. She found me very dull.A dirty B sleepy C lazy D boring2. The President made a brief visit to Beijing.A short B working C forma D secret3. He was persuaded to give up the idea.A mention B accept C consider D drop4. Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day. A eats B drinks C buys D produces5. Mary just told us a very fascinating story.A strange B frightening C difficult D interesting6. It's a gorgeous day anyway.A lovely B cold C normal D rainy7. Her life is becoming more diverse.A generous B humorous C varied D romantic8. Foreign military aid was prolonging the war.A broadening B worsening C extending D accelerating9. She was unwilling to go but she had no choice. A unable B indecisive C ready D reluctant10. She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles.A sick B weak C slim D pale11. With immense relief, stopped running.A some B enormous C little D extensive12. The scientists began to accumulate data.A collect B handle C analyze D investigate13. Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hit B passed C reached D led14. Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possible B profitable C easy D wise15. The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. A fact B mystery C statement D game第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题, 每题1分, 共7分）暂无第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第2330题, 每题1分, 共8分）下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。The Supercomputer Network1Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can “talk” to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously. 2The Internet is an interconnected（互联）system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Intermit is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download（下载）files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult. 3The new development in information technology has been called “the grid” （网格技术）, and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The “grid” will work in a different way from the Internet enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The “grid” will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer In Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5The “grid” can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can gave your assistant a task and “he” will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centers in the “grid” that happen to have the relevant information. Ail you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait. 6At present, possible applications of the “grid” in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the “grid” could be us and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working “grid” projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years. A How does the “grid” work?B Power sharedC Just make a requestD Limitations of present Internet useE Distance is not a problemF A new era for the Internet23 Paragraph 2_24 Paragraph 3_25 Paragraph 4_26 Paragraph 5_27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access_28 The “grid” will enable you to get on your computer the power of_29 The “grid” would be like_ who can perform your tasks efficiently 30 It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid” will become possible in the next_A the bigger computer stationsB the advantageC ten yearsD informationE your personal assistantF fifteen years第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题, 每题3分, 共45分）下面有3篇短文, 每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容, 为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇SunspotsIt's not surprising that sunspots（太阳黑子）were observed by ancient astronomers（天文学家）. The largest soupspoon the sun can be seen without a telescope. It was not until the invention of the telescope（望远镜）in the early 17th century, however, that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken. The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots.Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields（磁场）found on the suns surface. A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbra. The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra, where the magnetic field spreads outward. Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation. They are cooler than the rest of the suns surface. Sunspots are frequently observed in pairs of in paired groups. The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot. They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in Which the sun rotates（旋转）. The number of sunspots at any one time varies. A large spot group may consist of as many as 10 groups and 300 spots across the sun. The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle. The largest number occurs about every 11 years. At sunspot minim Lm, there are at most just a few small spots. The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation, which is about 25 days. The most persistent large slops, however can survive for two to three months. 31. Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspotsA. were made by ancient astronomers. B. started in the early 17th century.C. were made by Galileo only. D. could be made without a telescope.32. Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface becauseA. they produce less energy. B. they are buried in the sun.C. they are far away from magnetic fields. D. they are close to magnetic fields.33 The leading spot and the following spot are the names ofA. two large sunspots. B. a large spot and a small spot.C. the two spots in a spot pair. D. the central core and the ring around it.34. Infiniteness sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one would have been inA. 1858. B. 1862. C. 1865 D. 186835 In the last paragraph the word "persistent meansA. important. B. effective. C. enduring. D. visible.第二篇Where Have All the Bees Gone?Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives（蜂巢）and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse（群体瘫痪）disorder. It is reposed that 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen（花粉）from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. They hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future. It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture（SDA）Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside and we can look for physical signs of disease.” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite（寄生虫）making the bees digestive organs. Their immune（免疫旳）systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide（杀虫剂）affects the honeybees newels system and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says. If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but it's a promising theory, says Evans. 36. What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain? A. Honeybees are flying all across the country. B. Half of the honeybees in the US have died. C. Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return. D. Honeybee hives are in disorder. 37. Researchers are seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colonycollapse disorder because A. honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eat B. parasites on bees may spread everywhere. C. honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhere. D. honeybees feed on flowers. 38. Which of the following is a possible cause of the colony-collapse disorder? A. Population explosion. B. Decreasing number of flowers around. C. Genetically modified products. D. Diseases and chemicals. 39. Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon? A. Bee-keepers do not understand the honeybees behavior. B. A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybees newels system. C. Honeybees are infected by unwanted insects. D. Some crops are poisonous to the honeybees. 40. The word “diversity in the last paragraph means A. variety. B. makeup. C. disorder. D. distinction. 第三篇A Tale of Scottish Rural LifeLewis Grasses Gibbons Sunset Song (1932) was voted “the best Scottish novel of all time” by Scotlands reading public in . Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotlands poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades. The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kin Addie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it. Grasses Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine（女主人公）. We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hardworking father；experience tragedy(her mothers suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, Lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot, believe that she is the creation of a man. But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kin Addies long history, in a language that imitates the places changing patterns of speech and writing. The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody elses business and nothing is ever forgotten. Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grasses Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris husband, Evan Avondale. The war finally kills Evan, but not in the way his widow is told, In fact. The Germans arent responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle. If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead. It is a “Sunset Song” but is concerned too with the new Kin Addie, indeed of the new European world. Grasses Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story. 41. What is Sunset Song mainly about? A. The First World War. B. The beauty of the sunset. C. The new European world. D. The lives of rural Scottish farmers42. Which statement is NOT true of Chris? A. She is the heroine of Sunset Song. B. She had a miserable childhood. C. She is the creation of man. D. She married only once.43. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with? A .The climate of Kin Addie. B. The history of Kin Addie. C. The geography of Kin Addie. D. The language spoken in Kin Addie. 44. Who killed Chris husband, Evan? A. His own troops. B. The French army C. The Germans. D. The Russian soldiers. 45. The word “Sunset” in the title of this novel most probably means A. the end of the heroines life. B. the end often story. C. the end of the traditional way of life. D. the end of the day. 第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面旳短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Rising Tuition in the USEvery spring, US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic years budget. They consider faculty salaries, utility costs for dormitories, new building needs and repairs to old ones. They run the numbers and concludeit seems, inevitably that, yet again, the cost of tuition must go up. According to the USs College Board, the price of attending a four-ye