2022年高考英语专题复习单项选择解题方法归纳.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载高考英语专题复习单项挑选解题方法归纳一、排除干扰法对于一些高考试题,可以依据题干中供应的信息,先把与句子意义和结构无关的或明显不符合语境和规律的选项排除,最终就可以依据语境,挑选符合题意的正确答案；这是单项题的最常用的方法；【例如】1 Why do you suggest we buy a new machine. Because the old one has been damaged . 2022 江苏卷 Abeyond reach Bbeyond repair Cbeyond control Dbeyond description 【巧解】 B, 此题考查交际用语和介词beyond 的用法；题意为： “ 为什么你建议我们买一台新机器呢 .”“ 由于这台旧的已经坏掉了,无法修理了；”beyond reach“ 够不着” ；beyond control“ 掌握不了”；beyond description “ 无法描述” ；三者都不合题意,因而可以排除；本题要留意对句意的懂得；出题者把介词 法,提高了对句意懂得的要求；beyond 放在详细的语言环境中考查了其作状语的用2Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather2022 浙江卷 Ain place of B. as well as Cexcept for D. in case of 【巧解】 C , 此题考查的是词组辨析；in place of “ 代替,取代”；as well as “ 又,也,仍” ；except for “ 除 之外”,表示在说明白基本（整体）情形之后,再对细节进行说明；in case of “ 万一,假使”；本句的意思是：除天气之外,全部情形都特别适合野炊；从而排除 A 、B、D；在本句中,可以将“ 天气” 看成是“ 全部情形” 当中的一个细节,应选 C 项；3Students are always interested in finding out they can go with a new teacher. 2022 安徽卷 Ahow far Bhow soon C how often Dhow long 【巧解】 A.,此题考查四个副词短语的区分；How far 有两个用法,其一是用于对距离的提问；其二是询问到什么程度或范畴；how soon 询问多久以后； how often 询问频率； how long询问多长时间； 此题是说同学们想知道他们与新来的老师会相处得如何,how far 表示程度,修饰 go with a new teacher 正好符合题意,从而排除 副词短词之间用法的区分；【巧练】B、C、D；在解此题时要留意四个近似1.The children went home from the grammar school, their lesson _for the day. A finishing B finished C had finished D were finished 2.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was. 2007 上海卷 A. What a dangerous scene C. How a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene D. How dangerous the scene 3.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_. 2007 陕西卷 : A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 二、句子分析法句子分析法就是对句子进行语法分析,找出主语 .谓语等句子成分,分清主句 ,从句部分 ,把握句子主干 ,把握主旨大意；由于高考试题设疑方式越来越奇妙,一些重要的信息常常隐含在题干中,这要求考生培育敏捷的观看才能和细致的分析问题的才能；【例如】1 .There is too much difficulty he thinks he will have _ the critical customers in 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载the shopping center where he s working now . A. deal with B. dealing with C. to deal with D. to do with 【巧解】通过分析句子结构可知he thinks he will have . 是一个定语从句,修饰的先行词是difficulty ；由此我们可以联想句式 sb. have/has difficulty in doing sth.,在本句中即 he thinks he will have too much difficulty in dealing with the critical customers这肯定语从句；故该题选 B；2. matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 【巧解】认真分析此题的句子结构 此该题应选 A ；,不难看出考查的是主语从句,并且从句中缺少主语,因3.I smell something in the kitchen. Can I Call you back in a minute . A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 【巧解】“ 感官动词 +宾语 +补语” 这一结构中,补语的形式要看其与宾语的关系；由题中something 发出 burn 的动作可知答案为 A ；【巧练】1. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, deadline. on the project day and night to meet the A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 2We'll never forget the important role he UN in international affairs when he was working in Aplaying Bplayed Cacting Dacted 3 .No one except Jack and Tom the answer. D. are known A. know B. knows C. is knowing 三、结构仍原法正确分析、 懂得和把握句子的结构对语言的运用特别重要,否就就会产生歧义；一些试题设计奇妙,出题人可能会调整试题结构,要么在句中加入插入语,要么用疑问句、倒装句、省略句、 感叹句等使简洁句式复杂化,从而打破句子的结构和平稳,以增加干扰；或者利用考生急于求成的心理,奇妙地将题目成立的条件前置以增强干扰性和困惑性；做这类题目时可将句子按正常语序进行仍原,并通过分析主,谓,宾等成分来找出正确的选项【例如】1.For many cities in the world ,there is no room to spread out further,_ New York is an example.2022 四川卷 A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 【巧解】 C.此题考查非限制性定语从句；从句仍原后成为“cities” ,应选介词 of；New York is an example of many 2.Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _ . 2022 辽宁卷 A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I 【巧解】 此题考查 neither 用于句首时的倒装结构；either 须和 not 搭配而 neither 本身就表示否定 ,用于句首时句子要倒装；如用 either, 仍原后的句子应当是“I wasn't happy, either ” ,故选 B 项；3.Who should be responsible for the accident. 名师归纳总结 The boss ,not the workers. They just carried out the order_ . 2022福建卷 第 2 页,共 9 页A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 【巧解】 考查省略和被动形式；将该句补全进行仍原后的句子应当是They just carried out the - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载order as they were told, 故应选 A 项；【巧练】1. We haven t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose to her. A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 2. It was in New Zealand_Elizabeth fist met Mr.Smith.2022 全国卷 II A. that B. how C.which D. when 3. Hardly the papers on his desk when the door burst open. A. he collected B. he had collected C. did he collect D. had he collected 四、补全信息法在一些语境题中常常显现省略形式,特殊是在口语中,这样可以更简捷地表达语义,但是如果判定失误,会造成误会；因此先把省略的部分信息进行补充,然后再分析句子结构,从而全面正确地懂得句子,选对正确答案；补全信息法是高考难题命制的一种常用手段；【例如】1. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. . A why B .that C when D where 【巧解】此题考查名词性从句的连词区分；题干状语含两个宾语从句,由 and 连接,其中第一个宾语从句省略了连接词that, 补全即为： Having checked that the doors were closed, 显然后面 and 连接的宾语从句应当与其一样,故一句用了 that , 后一句也一样；2.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day. A .watered B. watering C .water D. to water 【巧解】A 此题考查省略句型；依据题意可知此题省略了主语和系动词 be, 补全即为： unless they are watered . 其中 flowers 与 water 之间是被动关系,省略了 they are 后,只有 A 项是正确；3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 【巧解】 分析句子结构可知,逗号后面为定语从句；又由主句中 two people 可推断 neither of whom 正确；答案为 A；【巧练】1.I am caught smoking again. You ae sure to be punished. A. What for B. What if C. If only D. Only if 2. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. . A why B that C when D where 3.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day. A watered B watering C water D to water 五、查找标志法查找标志法是指认真分析题干,找出隐含于其中的重要信息；这些信息往往由肯定的形式表示,如介词短语、 副词或它们在句中所处的位置等；这要求考生要有敏捷的观看才能和细致分析问题的才能；因此答题时必需留意对题干中隐性信息的捕获；【例如】名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载1.Did you tidy your room. No, I was going to tidy my room but I visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 【巧解】“ Did ” 和“was going to” 标志着是过去发生的事情；答案为 A；2. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 【巧解】 By the time 引起从句时,主句需用完成时态,此处表示将来的动作,所以用将来 完时；答案： C. 3. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances in the past years. A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 【巧解】 in/during the past years 所在的句子要用完成时态,被动形式；【巧练】substances 是“ 被发觉” ,故用1.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now. A. hasn t turned B. doesn t turn up C. won t turn up D. hadn t turned up 2.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping 3.Do you like traveling. Certainly. I to Belgium five months ago, but I anywhere ever since. A. went; didn t go B. have been; dont go C. had been ; haven t D. went ;haven t gone 六、语境分析法在高考试题中一个重要的考查方式是考查同学在特定的语境中精确运用语法学问的能力；考题中的语境设置较为自然,敏捷,案,语法上正确的答案不肯定是最得体,奇妙, 要求考生挑选的不只是正确答案而是正确答 最合适, 最近的答案,也不肯定是在现实交际用语中所使用的答案； 因此考生必需认真揣摸句子的用意与情形,精确把握语境的内涵,有针对性地分析语法成分,最终结合语境选出正确答案；它是结合选项, 以分析题干内容为主要手段的答题方法；采纳此法时,需要留意语法和语境两个方面；【例如】: 1. Tom, you didn't come to the party last night. 2007 全国卷 II I_ , but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didn't C. was going to D. wouldn't 【巧解】 C.,此题考查动词时态的区分；准备做 ”；D 项意为 “ 不情愿 ” ；依据语境A 项意为 “不得不 ”,B 项意为 “不 ”；C 项意为 “ 本 but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 可知我是原来准备去的,但想起来仍有作业要做,明显只有 C 项符合语境要求；2. Have you been wasting time on computer games again. 2007 山东卷 . _,I've been studying a lot and I need a break. A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D. I couldnt agree more【巧解】 B.,此题考查交际英语运用；依据情形 I ve been studying a lot and I need a break,可知我不是在铺张时间玩电脑 ,故只有 B 项符合情形；3.Can you read the sign, sir. No smoking allowed in the lift. 2007 全国卷 I _. 名师归纳总结 A. Never mind B. Don't mention it C. Sure, I don't smoke D. Pardon me 第 4 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载【巧解】D., 此题考查交际英语运用；依据情形 Can you read the sign, sir. No smoking allowed in the lift. 知对方是善意地提出批判,明显做错事后应当赔礼；A 项意为 "没关系 " ;B 项意为 "不客气 " C 项意为 " 当然 ,我没有抽 ", 明显是属于狡辩 情形要求；【巧练】;D 项意为 "对不起 "；因此 ,只有 D 项符合1We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we each other for years.2022 辽宁卷 A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know 2Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.2022 重庆卷 A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet 3So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent .2022 福建卷 A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 七、情形交际法情形交际类试题, 一般不涉及语法学问,但有它自己的语境,只要依据语境把说话人的态度和语气分析清晰,就不难选出正确答案；【例如】1 Shall we go out for dinner tonight. 2022 浙江卷 . A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time 【巧解】 C., 此题考查的是交际用语；Shall we go out for dinner tonight . 实际上是一个提建议的句子, 而不是一般的疑问,这一点必需要特殊引起留意；You are right“ 你是对的”; It must be funny“ 这确定很好玩”; That sounds great“ 听起来很不错”;Have a nice time“ （祝你）玩得开心”；只有 C 项符合语境；2.Sorry, I made a mistake again. _. Practice more and you ll succeed.2022 全国卷 I A. Never mind B. Certainly not C. Not at all D. Don't mention it 【巧解】 A., Certainly not 常用来回答别人问是否介意的问题；Not at all 和 Don t mention it用于别人致谢时代答语；只有Never mind 符合语境；句意“ 对不起,我又出错了；” “ 没关系,多练习,你就会胜利的；” 这里考查别人致谢时如何劝慰对方；3.I think you d better type this letter again before Mr.Smith sees it. Oh, dear._ 2022 江西卷 D.Is it as bad as that. A.Who cares. B.No problem. C.I don t mind at all 【巧解】 D,.此题考查情形交际；由“ 我想你在 次” “ 哦,真的吗 ._” 可知对方对此不以为然；项 Who cares（谁在乎？）不礼貌；【巧练】1.Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please. _ Mr.Smith 看到之前应当把这封信再打印一 Is it as bad as that.有那么遭吗？ 其中 AA. Who are you . B. I m Wang C. Speaking. D. Are you John 2.Have you been wasting time on computer games again. 2007 山东卷 I've been studying a lot and I need a break. A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D I couldnt agree more3.一 Can you read the sign, sir. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载No smoking allowed in the lift. 2007 全国卷 I A. Never mind B. Don't mention it C. Sure, I don't smoke D. Pardon me 八、标点符号法标点在高考试题中占有一席之地,它是书面语言的有机组成部分,其主要功能在于精确地记录语言, 有助于准确地自己的思想和懂得别人的语言信息；可以帮忙我们找到解题的突破口,从而得出正确答案；【例如】实际上, 看似微不足道的标点却1._ down the radio - the baby s asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn 【巧解】题意为：把收音机声音调小,婴儿正在隔壁睡觉；破折号起到补充说明的作用,相当于“for the baby s asleep ”,破折号前构成祈使句Turn down the radio. 答案 : B. 2.Have you been to New Zealand. No, I d like to,_. A. too B. though C. yet D. either 【巧解】 though 作副词表示转折,意思是“ 然而,可是”,用在句末,前面用逗号隔开；A项不符合句意；C 项不置于句末；D 项用在否定句末表示“ 也不”；答案： B. 3.Anyway, that evening, _I ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel s place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 【巧解】此题中的先行词 that evening 被逗号隔开,在从句中作介词 about 的宾语；故应用关系词 which 引导的非限制性定语从句,what 不能引导定语从句；答案：D. 【巧练】1.I ve never seen anyone run so fast _ David go. A.just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 2.They will fly to Washington ,_they plan to stay for two or three days.2022 重庆卷 A. where B. there C. which D. when 3.You don t seem to be quite yourself today, Jim. I m suffering from a cold. Nothing serious,_. A. yet B. indeed C. though D. anyway 九、分析对比法对所给试题的语法学问和语境进行分析比较,弄清晰题干的真正意思,并对比分析所给的答案,然后联系上下文句子的含义,进而作出正确判定；【例如】1.Is Peter there. _,Please. I ll see if I can find him for you. 2022 江苏卷 A. Hold up B. Hold on C. Hold out D. Hold off 【巧解】该题考查交际用语和动词词组的含义辨析；句意为：“ 彼特在吗？”“ 请不要挂断电话,我去看看能否找到他； ” Hold on “ 连续, 坚持,不挂断电话” ；此处意为 “ 别挂, 等一等” ,相当于 hold the line ； hold up“ 举起,竖起,支持,使停滞”；hold out“ 伸出,提出,支持,主见” ；hold off “ 耽搁,不接近,离开”；应选 B 项；2. Einstein liked Bose s paper so much that he _ his own work and translated it into German. 2022 山东卷 名师归纳总结 A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside 第 6 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料 欢迎下载【巧解】此题考查短语的用法；题意为：爱因斯坦很喜爱 作置于一旁, 把它译成德语； Set aside” 不顾 ,把 置于一旁”“ 拒绝” ；take over“ 接收,接管”；应选 D 项；Bose 的论文以至于他把自己的工 ; give off “ 发出,放出” ;turn downDon t be so discouraged. If you _such feelings, you will do better next time 2022 安徽卷 A . carry on B. get back C .break down D. put away 【巧解】 carry on “连续” ；get back “ 返回, 取回, 收回” ；break down “破坏, 损坏” ；put away在此的意思是“ 打消,舍弃,抛弃”；题意为：假如你舍弃这种心情,下次会做的更好；该题的四个选项在词义上本身联系不大,做题的关键是懂得上下文；【巧练】1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _of desert_covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity;have 2.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to b smell 3.Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace. Sorry, I am not sure.But it_be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 十、 .对号入座法将自己把握的词组意思与题干及选项之间的关系对比分析,然后将各个选项直接代入空格处检查,从而选出正确答案；这种方法相宜解答语法结构类试题；【例如】1.After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane _ her job as a doctor in the countryside. 2022 宁夏卷 A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up 【巧解】 句意为： 简在医学院学习五年后,在乡村当了一名医生；Set out “ 动身,开头” ；take over“ 接收,接管”；take up“ 拿起,开头从事”；set up“ 设立,直立”；故只可选 C 才符合语境；2I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we _ fine. A. look out B stay up C. carry on D. get along 2022 四川卷 【巧解】 look out “当心, 朝外看” ；stay up“ 高耸, 熬夜” ；carry on“ 连续做, 坚持”get along“ 与某人相处；进展”；依据前文“ 我过去常与父母争执” 可以推断下文应是“ 但现在我们相处得很好”,故只有 D 项符合语境；3.I m still working on my project. Oh, you ll miss the deadline. Time is _. 2022 江苏卷 A, running out B. going out C. giving out . D. losi