2022年初三英语被动语态知识精讲及练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be过去分词构成, be 随时态的变化而变化；以 do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1 am/is/are +done 过去分词 一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例 The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特别结构形式1 带情态动词的被动结构；其形式为：情态动词be过去分词；例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍旧保留在谓语后面；通常变为主语的是间接宾语；例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3 当“ 动词 +宾语+宾语补足语” 结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动；例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“ 动词介词” ,“ 动词副词” 等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开；其中的介词或副词也不能省略；例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 一般时态和完成时态 ；例 I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,仍要知道在哪些情形中使用被动语态；1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 这时可省 by 短语 ；例 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者；例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地支配句子；例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示“ 据说” 或“ 信任” 的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It be过去分词 that 从句” 或“ 主语 be过去分词 to do sth.” ；有：It is said that据说,It is reported that 据报道, It is believed that 大家信任, It is hoped that 大家期望, It is well known that 众所周知, It is thought that 大家认为,It is suggested that 据建议；例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有许多动词如 break ,catch ,clean ,drive ,lock ,open,sell ,read,write ,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特点时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 , 主语通常是物；例 This kind of cloth washes well. 留意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特点,而被动语态就强调外界作用造成的影响；试比较： The door won't lock （指门本身有毛病）The door won't be locked （指不会有人来锁门 , 指“ 门没有锁” 是人的缘由）2. 表示“ 发生、进行” 的不及物动词和短语,如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载例 How do the newspapers come out. 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义；例 Your reason sounds reasonable 五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义；1 在 need,want,require, bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式；例 The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理；2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式；例 The picture-book is well worth reading（ The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义；例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon to do与 things 是动宾关系,与 I 是主谓关系； 试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted. 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语说明 you不是 post 动作的执行者； 4. 在某些“ 形容词不定式” 做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的规律宾语时,这经常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义；这些形容词有 nice ,easy,fit,hard ,difficult, important ,impossible ,pleasant ,interesting 等；例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me ）. 5 在 too to 结构中,不定式前面可加规律主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义；例 This book is too expensive for me to buy. 6. 在 there be 句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物；例 There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost,谁 lost time 不明确；）7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动 , 被动表被动；然而 , 由于古英语的影响 , 以下动词 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义；例 Who is to blame for starting the fire. 六、介词 in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词；1. “ under + 名词” 结构,表示“ 某事在进行中” ；常见的有：under control（受掌握） , under treatment（在治疗中） , under 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载repair （在修理中） , under discussion（在争论中） , under construction（在施工中）；例 The building is under construction is being constructed. 2“ beyond+名词” 结构,“ 出乎 赛过 、范畴、限度” ；常见的有： beyond belief 令人难以置信 , beyond ones reach （鞭长莫及）, beyond ones control（无法掌握）,beyond our hope 我们的胜利始料不及；例 The rumour is beyond belief（=cant bebelieved ）3. “ above+名词” 结构 , 表示“ 品质、行为、才能等 超过 、高于 ” ；例 His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“ for+ 名词” 结构,表示“ 适于 、为着 ” ；如：for sale 出售, for rent（出租）等；例 That house is for sale. = That house is to be sold. 5“ in+ 名词” 结构,表示“ 在 过程中或范畴内” 常见的有：in print（在印刷中）, in sight 在视野范畴内 ,等；例 The book is not yet in print=is not yet printed 6“ on+名词” 结构 , 表示“ 在从事 中” ；常见的有： on sale 出售 ,on show（展出） , on trial（受审）；例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum = are being showed. 7“ out of+ 名词” 结构； 表示 “ 超出 之外“ ,常见的有： out of control 掌握不了 ,out of sight （超出视线之外）, out of ones reach 够不着 , out of fashion 不流行 等；例 The plane was out of control cant be controlled ；8“ within+ 名词” 结构,“ 在 内、不超过 ” ；例 He took two days off within the teacher's permission 四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面；需要留意的是：如把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to” ；eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Weareoftentold学习必备欢迎下载.（被动语态）interestin gstoriesbyhim.Interestin gstoriesareoftentoldtousbyhim 常带双宾语的词有： tell , show , lend , pass 等；2. 在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,态中,这个 to 仍要仍原；to 被省略,但在被动语eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）宾语 宾语补足语复合宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等；3. 有些“be + 过去分词” 的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“ 系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）；”比较：（ 1）Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的；系表结构；被动语态. 这个门是由冯平来关的ThedoorisclosedbyFengping（2）Theglass isbroken.这个玻璃杯是坏的；系表结构的； 被动语态Theglass wasbrokenbyMary. 这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+ 介词词组才可以有被动语态；名师归纳总结 eg. Greatchanges havetakenplaceinChina. 正确错误第 5 页,共 17 页Greatchanges havebeentakenplaceinChina.Thedolphindisappeare dinthedeepsea . 正确Thedolphinwasdisappeare dinthedeep sea .错误- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【题型展现】1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week . A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give 答案： C 2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river . A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw 答案： B 3. You may go fishing if your work . A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done 答案： A 4. The trees must three times a week . A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 答案： C 5. I w ont come to the party unless Sue , too . You mean if Sue comes youll come . A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 答案： D 6. I like my new bike . It very well . A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 答案： A 7. Mr. Chen has a lond voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载 A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard 答案： B 8. It s time to do your homework , Jack . Yes , Mum . Ill turn off the TV as soon as the programme . A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end 答案： A 9. You to the meeting , why didnt you go .A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited 答案： C 10. A lot of trees along the river last year . A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 答案： C 【实战模拟】一. 挑选填空1. The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it . A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing 2. Paper first invented in China . A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Do you like the flower . Yes , it sweet . A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells 4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with 5. The light in the room before you leave . A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off 6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann . ask A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , 7. The bridge in three weeks . A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds 8. The old men and the children must in our country . A. take good care B. be taken good care C. take good care of D. be taken good care of 9. Paul doesnt have to be made He always works hard . A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class . A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at 11. We that the English test next Monday . A. are told , gives B. tell , will give C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given 12. Great changes place in China since 1978 . A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took 13. the red pencil-box by your father last week . A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载14. Mary many songs at the party . A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing 15. trees usually in April . A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted 16. When we got there , the broken road repaired . A. is being B. was being C. has been D. / 17. The windows of the room once a week . A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning 18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests . A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with 19. The young tree the stick . A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with 20. A present me by my friend on my birthday . A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to 21. By was the book . A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing 22. Films about crime and violence children . （暴力与犯罪） by young A. should not see B. should be not seen C. should not be seen D. should be seen 23. In warm weather fruit and meat long . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. cant be kept 学习必备欢迎下载C. is not kept D. B. dont keep aren t keeping24. Half the worlds telephone calls in English . A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made 25. That building now . A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds 26. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon . A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water 27. More “ Great Green Walls ” all over the world . A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built 28. His school bag by a woman ten minutes ago . A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken 29. It that she very clever . A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being 30. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown . A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked 31. Do you like this kind of paper . Yes , it very nice . A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels 32. These books well . A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell 33. The boy lost on his way home yesterday . A. got B. is C. gets D. has 34. Though the coat is a bit large now , it me very soon . A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载35. Football everywhere in the world . A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays 36. Everybody here was a present . A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving 37. A new factory in our city last year . A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building 38. All trees must well when it is dry . A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering 39. T