2022年中考英语专题复习一名词考点讲解和训练.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神中考英语专题复习一：名词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1可数名词和不行数名词的用法；2名词全部格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析；【名师点睛】一、名词的数1单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式；复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下：（ 1）一般情形在词尾加-s,例如： bookbooks ,girlgirls,boyboys ,pen pens,doctor doctors, boy； boys（ 2） 以 s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加 -es,例如： busbuses,class classes, boxboxes,watch watches,brush brushes；（ 3）以 ce, se, ze,（d）ge 结尾的名词加s,例如： orangeoranges；（ 4）以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变 “ y”为“ i ”再加 -es,例如： city cities, factoryfactories, country countries, family families；但要留意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s,如： boyboys, day days；（5）以 o 结尾的词多数都加-es；例如 :hero heroes,potato potatoes,tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s；例如： zoozoos,radio radios,仍有某些外来词也只加 -s,例如： photo photos,piano pianos；（6） 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,多数变 half halves；f 为 v 再加 -es,例如： knife knives,leaf leaves, 复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示；复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法情 况 读法 例 词在ptkf 等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在szt F 等音后 iz beds, dogs, cities, knives 在bd v 等浊辅音后 z （ 7）少数名词有不规章的复数形式,例如：manmen ,womanwomen,tooth teeth,foot feet,child children, mouse mice；【留意 】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women；例如： an Englishman ,two Englishmen ；但 German 不是合成词, 故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如：men workers, women teachers；有个别名词单复数一样,例如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep, deer, fish 等；但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾；（ 8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police 等；（9）数词 +名词作定语时, 这个名词一般保留单数形式,walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk；中间加连字符； 例如：ten-minutes 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神（10）仍有些名词仅有复数形式,scissors,compasses；如：trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,（ 11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词： physics, mathematics/maths 嬉戏名称： bowls 专出名词： the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词： news, falls 2不行数名词 “量” 的表示方法 在英语中,不行数名词假如要表示“量” 的概念,可以用以下两种方法：（ 1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少,例如：The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice （ 2）用 a piece of 这类定语,例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk ） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 假如要表示 “ 两杯茶 ” 、“四张纸 ”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不行数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰；二、名词的全部格 名词全部格,用来表示人或物的全部,以及领属关系；1. 表示有生命的名词的全部格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如： a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes；2. 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 's,如： Children's Day ；3. 在表示时间、 距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的全部格要用 's,例如：a twenty minutes' walk ,ten miles' journey ,a boat's length,two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth ；4. 无生命名词的全部格就必需用of 结构,例如：a map of China,the end of this term ,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers；5. 双重全部格,例如：a friend of my father's ；【留意】假如两个名词并列,并且分别有（约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间）；'s,就表示 “ 分别有 ” ,例如： John's and Mary's rooms Tom's and Mary's bikes （两人各自的自行车）；两个名词并列,只有一个 's,就表示 “共有 ” ,例如： John and Mary's room （约翰和玛丽共有一间）； Tom and Mary's mother （即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹）；【实例解析】1.These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案： C；该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化；woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神数的一样；2.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Anne s and Janes只在后面的名词后加s；C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes答案：D；该题考查的是并列名词的全部格；两人共有一个房间时,3.-Are there any _ on the farm. -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 从谓语动词来判定,主语应当是复数名词；答案： D；该题考查的是特别名词的复数形式；只有 sheep 可用作复数名词；4.-What would you like to drink, _ or orange. -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案： C；该题考查的是名词的类别；三种东西中只有 tea 能喝；【中考演练】一. 单项填空 1- Where have you been, Tim. - I ve been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henry s home D. Henry s2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner 3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once 4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ . - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7In England, the last name is the _ . A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name 8The are going to fly _ to Beijing. A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans 9The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch 10 The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 11 Whats your _ for being late again.A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news 名师归纳总结 12 - It s dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.第 3 页,共 4 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书破万卷 下笔如有神- But I think we should let _ go out first. A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children 13 - You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING 14 Are they going to have a picnic on _ . A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 15 Where are the students. Are they in _ . A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 二. 依据以下句子的情形及所给汉语注释,写出所缺单词；1. We ve got a lot of new _ 杂志 in our school library. 2. Please turn to another _ （频道） , I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _航班 to London was put off because of the bad weather. 季节 .4. Autumn is my favourite 5. -How many _ 小刀 do you have. -Three. 6. _ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1 st is _儿童 Day. 8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _ 地址 so that I can write to you. 9. -Does this piece of _ 音乐 sound nice. -Yes. Its wonderful.s say “ Thanks ” to them for their work.10. May 12th is the International _ 护士 Day. Let三. 依据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词；1. “Whats your n_.”“Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have. 3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_. 5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world. 6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living. 8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_. 10. Be careful. Its d_ to run across the street now. 【练习答案 】一 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二 1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Children s 8. s address 9. music 10. Nurses三1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hour9. money 10. dangerous 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页