2022年中考英语必考知识点梳理.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点一、冠词:(1)a/an 的区分:留意以 “ U”开头的单词; 假如发字母u 本身的音 /ju:/,前面加 a:a useful book, a university, a usual chair;假如发以外的音,前面加 an:an unusual chair, an unimportant meeting, an unforgetable experience (2) 球类运动和三餐饭前不加 the play football , play table tennis 乐器前加 the play the violin ,play the piano (3)a一个, the那个二、介词 : (1) 介词 +doing 介词 + 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late. The book is for you. The knife is used for cutting things. Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用 “ I ”)关联记忆:介意 Mind + doing Would you mind my smoking here ?(2) on in at 的用法:表时间: on天优先,只要涉及天的概念就用on); in 时段); at (时刻)on the morning of April 1st. on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚at the same time (3) 表相伴:with / without ,或 doing She is a girl with long hair. She is a girl wearing a new dress. (4)表方式:by bike,on foot 没有冠词“a” 或名词复数What time is it by your watch. The boss pays us by week. He beat her with a book.(with 后要带 a 或复数)名师归纳总结 speak in English Write in ink 第 1 页,共 35 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - (5)介词(不加the)+名词名师总结精品学问点at table 在桌旁,且在吃饭(两层意思)at school in the school 三、时态:时态一样:从句与主句时态一样at the table 在桌旁,详细干什么不清晰He said he had been there for an hour. He said the sun is bigger than the moon.自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态 He said the moon is running around the earth.错误,应改为一般现在时态时态一样之时态变异(必考) :A 瞬时动词的 -ing 形式表将来The plane is taking off in an hour. The old man is dying.(将要死了)B 条件状语从句:一般现在时表将来I don't know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will call you. I will ring you as soon as I finish my work. I won t go out until my homework is done.四、感叹句:考生须把握how 和 what 引导的感叹句的基本句型,并且熟识一些常用形容词和副词的拼写;要点归纳:1、 what + a / an +adj. + 单数名词( + 主语 + 谓语)!2、 What +adj. + 复数名词( +主语 + 谓语)!3、 What+adj. + 不行数名词( +主语 +谓语)!常考的几个不行数名词: food,news,weather,fun,music,work ,information ,advice,suggestion;留意: what 引导的感叹句,主语 +谓语可以省略;4、 How + adj. +a / an + 单数名词( +主语 +谓语)!5、 How+adj./adv.+ 主语 +谓语!名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点6、 How + 句子!五、连词:(1) 连词现象:Although ,though 与 but 通常不连用because 与 so 不连用if 假如 与 then 不连用(2) 就近一样连词neither.nor , either.or ,not only.but also not.but. (3) 连接句子与 to do 形式because +句子(有完整主谓结构)because of +介词宾语(名词等)in order to do in order not to do in order that + 句子so as to so as that +句子 so.that +句子too.to do enough to do so good a book that +句子such a good book that+句子 so good that+句子(4) 重要联词的应用unless(=if not 除非 or 否就(威逼,劝说)as if / as though 似乎)even if / even though 即使)not.until 直到 .才 六、宾语从句:考查形式:单项、完成句子考察难度:考察全面,考查必需把握引导词、时态和语序这三个要素;要点归纳:1、 陈述语序2、 时态:主句为一般现在时,时态:主句为一般过去时,_ _ 3、 that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, when, where ect. 4、 宾语从句的简化:但主句的主语和从句的主语为同一人时,从句可以简化为疑问词+不定式;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点七、 动词:考查形式:时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词做形容词、非谓语动词 考查难度“ 动词是词法的核心,考查范畴较大,难度较大 一、时态要点归纳 考点一:主将从现(在状语从句已经提到)考点二:现在完成时 4 大用法:结果,连续,经受,移位时间标志: for + 时间段、 since+ 时间点 /一般过去时的句子、“ How long .” 、含有“time ” 表示次数的句子中要点归纳:区分:have been to + 地点_ have gone to + 地点 _ already 、yet、every、never、have been in + 地点 + for + 时间段 _ 瞬时动词与连续性动词间的转换:die be dead buyhave borrow keep leave/go be awayfrom make friends be friends begin/start be on arrive/get to/reach/comebe in/be at/stay join the Party be a Party member /be in the Party 核心句型: It is + 时间 +since+一般过去时的句子考点三:过去进行时(在时间状语从句中考查)考点四:一般现在时(客观真理)二、情态动词归纳、一般过去时(在宾语从句中考查)情态动词有: must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形名师归纳总结 考点一: must can 表示估计的运用第 4 页,共 35 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点考点二: mustnt 的运用,意思是_ 考点三:情态动词一般疑问句的回答Must . Yes, S + must. No, S +neednt Need . Yes, S + may No, S + musn t 八、 非谓语动词归纳:和介词一样特别敏捷,在句法中,不作谓语,全部句子成分都可充当;只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语To + do 否定式 not + to + do 1、 只能接 to +do 的动词有: decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish +to do 2、 有些动词加 to do 做宾语补足语,常见的有:Ask, tell, want, teach + sb. +to do +sth. 3、 加 to + do 的重点句型有:(1)It takes sb. Some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间、金钱(2)It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样(3)Would you like to . 4、后接省略 to 的动词不定式的动词有一感( feel)二听( hear, listen to)三让( have, make, let)五看( watch, ,see, look at, notice, observe),半个帮忙( help 可以带 to,也可以省略)改为被动语态时,to 要仍原例如: This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week. 1、 省略 to 的情形有名师归纳总结 (1)情态动词后第 5 页,共 35 页(2)Why not/why don t you - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - (3)Would rather than名师总结精品学问点Doing 否定式 not doing 1、 加 doing 作非谓语动词常考的有:practice+doing sth. 2、 加 doing 的情形有:enjoy,mind ,suggest,miss,admit ,deny,imagine ,(1)介词后 +doing 例如: give up doing sth., be interested in doing sth. 等(2)Feel lilke + doing 喜爱做某事 /prefer doing sth. to doing sth. (更喜爱 .)(3)To 作介词时的几个常用短语:look forward to/be used to/pay attention to + doing 3、 既可加 to do 也可加 doing,并意思相近的动词有:4、 既可加 to do 也可加 doing,但意思不同的动词有:Forget to do 遗忘去做某事(事情仍没有做)begin, start, like, love, hate Forget doing 遗忘做过某事(事情已经做了,但是忘了)Remember to do 记得去做某事(事情仍没有做)Remember doing 记得做过某事(事情已经做了)Regret to do (对将要做的事)遗憾Regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾Stop to do 停下来去做某事(去另外一件事情)Stop doing 停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)归纳记忆: stopfrom + doing = prevent from doing 名师归纳总结 Try to do 尽力做某事(区分: manage to do 设法做某事)第 6 页,共 35 页Try doing 尝试去做某事Keep/go on to do 连续去做某事(停止原先做的事情而连续另一件事情)Keep/go on doing 连续做同一件事情Mean to do = plan to do 准备 / 方案去做某事Mean doing 意味着做某事- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点重点区分以下搭配:See / watch sb. do sth. 看到、看着某人做某事(已做了)See / watch sb. doing sth. 看到、看着某人正在做某事(在做)Hear / notice sb. do sth. 听到 /留意到某人做某事(已做了)Hear / notice sb. doing sth. 听到 / 留意到某人正在做某事(在做)关注: have sth. done/ get sth. done need doing / want doing 九、情形交际:纵观近几年中考,情形交际题都位于单项最终一题,所占分值一分; We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us ?Ill give them a call right now (2022 苏州中考)AWhy not BWhat for CWhy DWhat Shall we go fishing at six o'clock tomorrow morning.(2022 苏州中考) _.Willseven o clock be OK.B. Sure, no problem A.Sure, i t s up to you C.Sorry, I can t make it D. Sorry, I m not available Id like to choose yellow as the colour of our bedroom .( 2022 苏州中考). The colour brings me a warm and comfortable feeling . A. No way B. Sounds great C. In your dreams D. I cant decide 十、形容词 副词1. A+ as +adj / adv 的原级 + as +B 表示 “A 和 B 一样 ”A +not+as/so+ 形容词原级 +as+B 表示 “A 不如 B ”名师归纳总结 2. “ 甲 +形容词 /副词的比较级 +than+ 乙” 表示“ 甲比乙 ”可以修饰比较级的词. 第 7 页,共 35 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点much,a lot,far , 的多 a little , a bit, 一点儿 3. the +序数词 +形容词的最高级 +单数名词 4. one of +the + 形容词的最高级 +复数名词even 甚至, still 仍旧 5.“ the+ 比较级, the+比较级” 表示“ 越 ,越 ”十一、名词辨析instruction introduction invitation invention direction feeling sense view scene 十二、动词词组turn on turn off turn up turn down turn out put through look up take up put on put off put up put in put out put away break down break out break into tidy up pick up cut in cut out cut down get up put up turn up stay up make up set up wake up eat up come up with grow up give up hand out work out turn out break out put out find out come out carry out try out for run out look out write down cut down turn down break down come down calm down 十三你、代词名师归纳总结 1.人称代词( belong to )第 8 页,共 35 页2.物主代词3.反身代词( help oneself to sth ,make oneself at home, enjoy oneself )- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4.指示代词( that 、those )名师总结精品学问点5. 不定代词 one、it a few, few , a little, little none, nothing, on one both /neither /either /all / none / any other /the other /others /the others/another thing some any no every something anything nothing everything one someone anyone no one everyone body somebody anybody nobody everybody 十四、特别疑问词 How long How soon How far How often How many/much 十五、反义疑问句 1. 前肯后否,前否后肯 2. 留意回答 3. 否定词: never , few , little , hardly ,no ,seldom ,nobody ,nothing,tooto 反义词不是否 定词如 dislike,unhappy名师归纳总结 4.祈使句的反意疑问句为will you . Lets 的反意疑问句为shall we .第 9 页,共 35 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点十六、被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are + 动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were + 动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 动词的过去分词4.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词5.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词6. 有些词组没有被动语态:7. 系动词是没有被动语态:sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste . 8.need 表示需要时,后面常接 doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于 to be done . 9. 动词: make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch , 改为被动语态时加 to ;十七、数词1. 逢十词尾加 -ty :twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 2. 表年龄 : in ones + 整十的复数表示在某人几十岁时3. 如 hundred / thousand /million /billion 有时 , 既加 s 也要带 of . 前有基数词时 , 其后不加 s, 也不加 of . 如没4. 几个半的表达法 : two and a half hours = two hours and a half 5. 分数词的表达法 : a. 分子用基数词 , 分母用序数词 . b. 当分子大于 1 时, 分母加复数 . c 分数词作主语时 , 谓语动词依据分数词后面的名词来确定 . 十八、主谓一样1. 由并列结构或连词(either or, neither nor ,not but, not only but also , or 等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一样;2. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with ,with ,as well as,together with , besides,except,名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点but, including 等短语时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一样;3. 词组“a number of ” 作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“ the number of ” 作主语时,谓语动词用单数;4. 英语的集体名词(family, public, group, team, class等词),指代“ 整体” 时为单数;指代“ 其中的各成员” 就为复数;5. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数;6.“ the +姓氏名词的复数” 表示“ 一家人、.夫妇” ,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;7.“ the +形容词( old /young /rich /poor )” 表示“ 一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数;十九、状语从句 1.时间状语从句 1.由 when 、 while 、 as(当 时候)引导的时间状语从句;2.由 after/ before 在.之后 / 前引导的时间状语从句;3.由 as soon as 一 .就 引导的时间状语从句;4.由 not .until (直到 .才.)引导的时间状语从句;2.缘由状语从句 由 because 、since 、as(由于、既然、由于)引导的缘由状语从句;3.目的状语从句 由 so that 以便、为的是 引导目的状语从句;4.条件状语从句 由 if 或 unless 引导条件状语从句;5.让步状语从句 由 though 、even though/ if 、although 引导让步状语从句;6.结果状语从句 由 sothat 、such.that(如此 .以致于 )引导结果状语从句;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点中考重点词组all over again 再;重新a bit 有一点a couple of 一对;几个,几件a few 一些,少量a great deal of 大量,很多a little 一点,少许a lot of=lots of 很多,大量a number of 一些a pair of 一对,一双,一副a piece of 一块(片,张,件 )above all 首要的是according to 依据action film 动作片African American (非洲裔)美国黑人after all 究竟after class 下课后after school 放学后agree with sb 同意某人(的看法)名师归纳总结 all day long 成天地第 12 页,共 35 页all kinds of 各种各样的all one's life 一生all over 处处,遍及all over the world 遍及全世界- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - all right 行了,好吧名师总结精品学问点all the best 一切顺当,万事如意all the time 始终,总是all year round 一年到头and so on .等等animal sign 生肖any time (=anytime 在任何时候arrive at/in 到达art form 艺术形式as a result 因此as good as 和 几乎一样,简直是as soon as 一 就as usual 照样;像平常一样as well as 也,仍有as.as 像.一样as.as possible 尽可能名师归纳总结 ask for 恳求,要第 13 页,共 35 页at a /the speed of 以 的速度at a time 每次,依次at birth 诞生时,产生时at first 起初,第一at last 最终,最终at least 至少at most 最多at night 在夜里- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - at present 现在,目前名师总结精品学问点at the age of 在.岁时在周末at the end of在 末尾at the foot of 在.脚下at the same time 同时at/on weekend =at/on the weekend be afraid of 可怕be born 诞生,出世be crazy about 对 着迷be full of 满是be good at 善于于be interested in 对.感爱好be known/famous for 因 而闻名be late for 迟到be made of 由.制成be made up of 由 组成be of sb's age 与 同龄的be satisfied with 对 感到中意be strict with sb 对某人要求严格be tired out 筋疲力尽be worth doing 值得做某事beget used to 习惯于,适应于名师归纳总结 because of 由于,由于第 14 页,共 35 页believe it or not 信不信由你borrow. from 向.借 . - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - both and名师总结精品学问点.和.都;不仅 .而且break down (车辆或机器)出故障,坏掉break into 强行闯入break out 爆发bus stop 公共汽车站by hand 手工by oneself 独立地,独自by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说说by train/bus/ship/bike 乘火车 / 公交车 / 轮船 /自行车call sb back 回电话can't wait 迫不及待car park 停车场care about 关怀,关怀carry on 连续开展,连续下去carry out 开展;执行catch fire 着火catch one's attention 吸引某人的留意change one's mind 转变想法chat show 访谈节目cheer up 使振作起来come down 倒塌,坍塌come from 来自come on 来吧,赶快come true 变为现实,成为事实come up with 想出(想法)名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - compare to/ with 与 相比名师总结精品学问点computer game 电脑嬉戏connect to/with 与 相连,连接country music 乡村音乐cut down 砍倒cut inon sb/sth 打断(谈话),插嘴cut out 剪出cut short 缩短deal with 处理,应付depend on/upon 依靠;取决于die of /from 死于different from 与.不同dining room 餐厅divide into 把 分成 dividing line 分界线;界限do some shopping 买东西do the dishes 洗碗do well in .做得好do/try one's best 尽某人最大努力don't mention it 不客气dream of about 理想,想象dress up 装扮,乔装装扮dried food 干粮drive sb mad 使人受不了名师归纳总结 each other 相互,彼此第 16 页,共 35 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - eat up 吃光,吃完名师总结精品学问点either or 不是 就是 ,或者 或者 enjoy oneself 玩得开心excuse me 劳驾fall behind 落后fall in love with sb 爱上某人fall over 摔倒far away from 远离fill with 用 填充find one's way out 找到出路find out 发觉first of all 第一fit for 适合于football field 足球场for example 例如from then on 从那时起from time to time 不时,有时,有时from.to. 从.到. game show 嬉戏表演,竞赛节目get along/ on with 与 和谐相处get away 逃脱;离开名师归纳总结 get lost 迷路为 预备好第 17 页,共 35 页get off 下车get on 上车get ready for sth - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - get together 聚会,联欢名师总结精品学问点get up 起床大熊猫giant panda give a helping hand 伸出救济之手give up 舍弃go for s