2022年化学高中必修一常考方程式.docx
精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载高中化学方程式汇编 无机化学反应方程式 §1 碱金属元素4Na+O 2=2Na 2O 2Na 2O+ O 2 Na 2O24Na+2O 2 2Na 2O2 2Na+S=Na 2S（爆炸）2Na+2H 2O=2NaOH+H 2Na 2O+H 2O=2NaOH 2Na 2O2+2H 2O=4NaOH+O 2此反应分两步 :Na 2O2+2H 2O=2NaOH+H 2O2；2H2O2=2H 2O+O 2. Na 2O+CO 2=Na 2CO 32Na 2O 2+2CO 2=2Na 2CO 3+O 2Na 2CO 3+HCl=NaHCO 3+NaCl NaHCO 3+HCl=NaCl+H 2O+CO 2Na 2CO 3+2HCl=2NaCl+ H 2O+ CO 2 2NaHCO 3 Na 2CO 3+ H 2O+ CO 24Li+ O 2 2 Li 2O 2K+2H 2O=2KOH+H 2NaHCO 3 + NaOH= Na 2CO 3 + H2O 2NaOH+ CO 2 少量= Na 2CO 3 + H2O Na 2CO 3+ CaOH 2=Ca CO 3 +2 NaOHNaOH+SO 2（足量） =NaHSO 3Na 2CO 3+ H 2O+ CO 2 = 2NaHCO 3 NaOH+ CO 2（多量） = NaHCO 32NaOH+SO 2（少量）=Na 2SO 3+H2O NaOH+H 2S（足量） =NaHS+H 2O 2NaOH+H 2S（少量） =Na 2S+2H 2O NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O CO 2+CaOH 2过量 =CaCO 3 +H2O 2CO 2过量 +CaOH 2=CaHCO 32Na 2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H 2O Na 2O+SO 3=Na 2SO 4CaCO 3 CaO+CO 2MgCO 3 MgO+CO 22FeOH 3 Fe 2O3 + 3H 2O MgOH 2 Mg O+ H 2O CuOH 2 Cu O+ H 2O 2AlOH 3 Al 2O 3 + 3H 2O CaCO 3+H2O +CO 2=CaHCO 32 Na 2SO 4 2NaOH + CuSO 4 =CuOH 2 + 3NaOH + FeCl 3 = FeOH 3 + 3NaCl§2 卤族元素名师归纳总结 Cl2+CuCu Cl 23Cl 2+2Fe2FeCl 3第 1 页,共 5 页Cl2+2 Na 2Na Cl Cl 2 + H22HCl 3Cl 2 +2 P 2PCl 3 Cl2 + PCl 3PCl 5Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO Cl 2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2Cl 2+2CaOH 2=CaCl 2+CaClO 2+2H 2O Cl2+2FeCl 2=2FeCl 3CaClO 2+H 2O+ CO 2少量 = Ca CO 3 +2 HClO CaClO 2+2H 2O+ 2CO 2多量= CaHCO 32 +2 HClOCaClO 2+2 HCl = Ca Cl2+2 HClO （强酸制弱酸）2HClO2HCl+O 2 F2 + H2 = 2HF 2F 2 +2H 2O=4HF+O 2Br 2 + H2 = 2H Br500oC I2 + H 22HI 2 2Cl 2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2Cl2 +2 K I =2 K Cl+IHCl + AgNO 3 = AgCl + HNO3 Br2 +2 K I =2 K Br+I2 4HCl 浓+MnO 2MnCl 2+Cl 2+2H 2O HCl + AgNO 3 = AgCl + HNO3 NaBr+AgNO 3 = AgBr （浅黄色） +NaNO 3 HCl + AgNO 3 =AgCl （白色） +HNO 3 NaI + AgNO 3 = AgI 黄色 + Na NO 3 2AgBr2AgBr 2AgCl 、AgI 类似 Na 2SO 3+ H 2O +Cl 2= Na 2SO 4 +2HCl HClO+ H 2OSO 2 = H 2SO 4+HCl §3 氧族元素H2 + SH2S 2Na + SNa2S 2H2O + 2S Fe + SFeS 2Cu + SCu 2S S + O 2SO 23O22O 32O 33O 2 2H2O2 2H 2O+ O 2H2S H2 + S 2H 2S + O 2 （少量）2H 2S+SO 2=3S +2H2O H2S + CuSO 4=CuS + H2SO 4 SO 2 + H 2O H2SO 3SO 2 + 2NaOH=Na 2SO 3 + H 2O Na 2SO 3 + H2OSO 2 =2NaHSO 3名师归纳总结 SO 2 + CaOH 2 = CaSO 3+ H 2O SO 2 + O 2 2 SO 3第 2 页,共 5 页Cl2 + SO 2 + 2H 2O=H 2SO 4+2HCl Br 2、I2 类似 SO 3+ H2O = H 2SO 4 2H 2S + 3O 2（足量）2H 2O + 2SO 2 Cl 2、Br2、I2 、SO 2 都可氧化 2NaCl+H 2SO 4浓 Na 2SO 4+2HCl2H 2SO 4浓+CuCuSO 4+2H 2O +SO 22H 2SO 4浓 + CCO 2 + 2H2O + 2SO 22Na 2SO 3 + O 2 =2Na 2SO 4 4FeS 2 + 11O 22Fe 2O3 + 8SO 2- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Na 2SO 3+H 2SO 4=Na 2SO 4+SO 2 +H 2O FeS+2HCl=H 2S +FeCl2 Na 2SO 3+ H 2O +Cl 2= Na 2SO 4 +2HCl FeS+ H 2SO 4=H2S +Fe SO4 SO 2少量 +2NH 3+H 2O=NH 42SO 3 SO 2+NH 42SO 3+H2O=2NH 4HSO 3 即: SO 2足量 + NH 3+H2O=NH 4HSO 3§4 碳族元素C + O 2 点燃 CO 22CO + O 2 点燃 2CO 22C + O 2 点燃 2CO C+ 2CuO 高温 2Cu + CO 23C+ 2Fe 2O3高温 4Fe + 3CO 2 CO+ CuO 加热Cu + CO 23CO+ Fe 2O3高温 2Fe + 3CO 22NaOH + CO 2 = Na 2CO 3 + H 2O 2NaOH + SO 2 = Na 2SO 3 + H2O CaOH 2 + CO 2 = CaCO 3 + H2O CO 2 + H2O = H 2CO 32NaOH + SO 3 = Na 2SO 4 + H 2O CaOH 2 + SO 2 = CaSO 3 + H2O C+ H 2O CO + H 2 生成水煤气 C+CO 2加热 2CO SiO 2 2C+ SiO 22CO + SiSi +O 22F 2+ Si= SiF 4 Si + 4HF= SiF 4 +2H2 Si+2NaOH+ H 2O= Na 2SiO 3+2H2SiO 2+2NaOH =Na 2SiO 3+H2O SiO 2+ 4HF =SiF 4+2H2O CaO+ SiO 2CaSiO 3SiO 2 + Na 2CO 3Na 2SiO 3+ CO 2SiO 2 + CaCO 3CaSiO 3+ CO 2 Na2SiO 3 + 2HCl=2 NaCl+ H2SiO 3Na 2SiO 3 +H 2O +CO 2= Na 2CO 3 + H 2SiO 3§5 氮族元素NH 3 + H 2O NH 3·H2ONHOH4NH 3 + 5O 24NO + 6H2O 2NH 4Cl + CaOH 2CaCl 2 + 2NH 3+2H2ON2 + 3Mg Mg3N2N2 + H2NH 3 N2 + O22NO 2NO + O 2= 2NO 23NO 2 + H 2O =2HNO 3 + NO 4NO + 3O 2 + 2H 2O=4HNO 34NO 2 + O 2 + 2H 2O =4HNO 34HNO 34NO 2+ O 2+ 2H 2O Cu+4HNO 3浓= CuNO 32 +2NO 2+2H 2O 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载3Cu+8HNO 3稀=3CuNO 32 +2NO +4H 2O C+4HNO 3浓 =CO 2+4NO 2+2H 2O NH 4ClNH3+HCl NH 3 + HCl=NH 4Cl 白烟 8HNO 3稀+3Fe （过量） =3FeNO 32+2NO +4H 2O 4HNO 3稀+Fe（不足） =FeNO 33+NO +2H 2O NH 4HCO 3 NH 3+ H 2O +CO 22NO 2 N2O4 NaOH+ NH 4Cl NaCl+NH 3+H2O NH 42SO 4 + 2NaOH Na2SO 4 +2 NH 3+2H 2O NH 4NO 3 + NaOH NaNO 3 + NH 3+H 2O 3Cl 2 +2 P 2PCl 3 Cl 2 + PCl 3 PCl 54P + 5O 2 P2O5 P2O5+ 3H 2O H3PO 4§6 几种常见的金属4Al + 3O 2 2Al 2O3 2Al+6HCl=2AlCl 3+3H 22Al+3H 2SO 4=Al 2SO 43+3H 2 2Al + 2NaOH +2H 2O=2NaAlO 2 + 3H 2Al2O3 + 6HCl=2AlCl 3+ 3H2O Al2O 3 + 2NaOH=2NaAlO 2 + H2O AlOH 3 + 3HCl=AlCl 3 + 3H 2O AlOH 3 + NaOH=NaAlO 2 + 2H2O 2AlOH 3 Al2O3 + 3H2O （FeOH 3、CuOH 2 类似）AlCl 3 + 3NH 3·H2O=AlOH 3+3NH 4Cl NaAlO 2+HCl+H 2O=NaCl+AlOH 3CO 2+2NaAlO 2+3H2O=2AlOH 3 +Na2CO 3 3NaAlO 2+AlCl 3+6H2O=4AlOH 3 + 3 NaCl AlCl 3+3NH 3·H2O=AlOH 3 +3NH4Cl Fe + SFeS Fe 3O4 + 4H 23Fe + 2O 2Fe3O 43Fe + 4H 2OFe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2 Fe+CuCl 2=FeCl 2+Cu 2FeCl 3+Fe=3FeCl 22FeCl 3+Cu=2FeCl 2+CuCl 2 用于雕刻铜线路版 2FeCl 3+H2S少量=2FeCl 2+2HCl+S 2FeOH 3 Fe 2O3 + 3H 2O 4FeOH 2+ 2H 2O+ O 2 =4FeOH 3 Fe2O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl 3 + 3H 2O 3H 2O 2FeCl 3+2KI=2FeCl 2+2KCl+I 22FeCl 2+Cl2=2FeCl 3 3C+ 2Fe 2O3 高温 4Fe + 3CO 2Fe 2O3 + 3H2SO 4 = Fe2SO 43 + H2SO 3+2FeCl 3+H 2O=H 2SO 4+2FeCl 2+2HCl 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2Al +Cr 2O3Al2O3+2Cr 精品资料欢迎下载Al 2O3+2 Fe 2Al + Fe 2O34Al +3MnO 2 2Al2O3+3Mn 2Mg+CO 2 2MgO+C 2HgO 2Hg+ O 2 2Ag 2O 4 Ag+ O 2WO 3+3H2 W+3H 2O 2Al 2O 3 4Al+ 3O 22NaCl 2Na +Cl 2 3NaOH+FeCl 3=FeOH 3 + 3NaCl§7 其他章节CuSO 4·5 H 2OCuSO 4+5H2O CuSO 4 + 5H 2O = CuSO 4·5H 2O FeCl 3+3H 2OFeOH 3胶体 +3HClCu Cl 2Cu +Cl 22NaCl+2H 2OH2+Cl2 +2NaOHBa OH 2·8 H 2O+ 2NH 4Cl= Ba Cl 2+2 NH 3 +10H2O吸热反应 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页
