word打印版衡中2020版二轮复习英语练习题学案含答案和解析第1部分 专题1 考点4词义猜测题.doc

第一编专题一考点4层级一真题题组A(2018·北京卷，D)Preparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream，years away from materializing in the real world.Well，the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California，it should be noted，isn't leading the way here.Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes，the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copyor even worsenthe traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual selfdriving vehicles.They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the selfdriving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transportan unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ridehailing(叫车)services.A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with electric，selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services，considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车这项前沿科技话题，对以下方面进行了讨论：对无人驾驶汽车最大的担忧，对无人驾驶汽车未来发展的态度以及可能会出现的管理问题。通篇讨论了无人驾驶汽车的管理问题，引导考生辩证地看待问题。1According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _A_.Ahelp deal with transportationrelated problemsBprovide better services to customersCcause damage to our environmentDmake some people lose jobs解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety.policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options.”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。选项A“有助于解决与交通有关的问题”与此意思吻合。2As for driverless cars，what is the author's major concern？_D_ASafety.BSide effects.CAffordability.DManagement.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today.”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，与选项D提到的“(车辆)管理”吻合，显然这是作者比较关心的。3What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？_A_AEmployed.BReplaced.CShared.DReduced.解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容the first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly并结合下句中as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会被用到“叫车服务”中。选项A“使用”符合题意。 4What is the author's attitude to the future of selfdriving cars？_B_ADoubtful.BPositive.CDisapproving.DSympathetic.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。B(2017·全国卷，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something backhe with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。5Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first？_C_APaul Newman wanted it.BThe studio powers didn't like his agent.CHe wasn't famous enough.DThe director recommended someone else.解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。6Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship？_D_AThey were of the same age.BThey worked in the same theater.CThey were both good actors.DThey have similar characteristics.解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。7What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？_A_ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.解析：考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。8What is the author's purpose in writing the text？_B_ATo show his love of films.BTo remember a friend.CTo introduce a new movie.DTo share his acting experience.解析：考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。C(2017·江苏卷，B)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule_the_roost.As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化)Newborn chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues.Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the redbacked fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls.In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”文章大意：研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。9The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_B_”Abe the worstBbe the bestCbe the as badDbe just as good解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。10What are Kleindorfer's findings based on？_A_ ASimilarities between the calls of moms and chicks. BThe observation of fairy wrens across Australia. CThe data collected from Queensland's locals. DControlled experiments on wrens and other birds.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为A。11Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which _C_. Acan receive quality signalsBare in need of training Cfit the environment betterDmake the loudest call解析：考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“An evolutionary inference can then be drawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能说明它符合进化论的理论：适者生存，故本题答案为C。D(全国卷，B)On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side café and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, aren't you from Mississippi？” the elegant, whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I'm from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said.“I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.“My friend said：Now we believe your stories，” Welty added.“And I said，Now you know.These are the people that make me write them.”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I don't make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don't have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out.Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国著名女作家Eudora Welty在纽约的一次经历，并以此作为背景说明她的创作源于生活。12What happened when Welty was with her friends at the café？_A_ATwo strangers joined her.BHer childhood friends came in.CA heavy rain ruined the dinner.DSome people held a party there.解析：考查细节理解。第三段中的“the woman”指的是第二段中的那个陌生人，根据第三段中的“When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair”可知，陌生女子的晚餐伙伴也加入了她们的行列中，故有两个陌生人加入到了Welty和朋友的晚餐中。13The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's_D_.AreadersBpartiesCfriends Dstories解析：考查代词指代。画线词所在句“These are the people that make me write them”的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材，这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是“小说”。14What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction？_C_AThey live in big cities.BThey are mostly women.CThey come from real life.DThey are pleasure seekers.解析：考查推理判断。根据最后两段的内容可知，Welty小说中的人物源于真实生活。E(2017年11月浙江高考)When I was in fourth grade, I worked parttime as a paperboy.Mrs.Stanley was one of my customers.She'd watch me coming down her street, and by the time I'd biked up to her doorstep, there'd be a cold drink waiting.I'd sit and drink while she talked. Mrs.Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband, “Mr.Stanley and I went shopping this morning，” she'd say.The first time she said that, soda(汽水) went up my nose. I told my father how Mrs.Stanley talked as if Mr.Stanley were still alive.Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she'd work_it_out_of_her_system.So that's what I did, and it turned out Dad was right.After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地) I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn't see Mrs.Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fundraiser (募捐活动). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she'd had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with.Now she had friends.Her husband was gone, but life went on. I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids.She asks me how I'm doing.When I don't say “fine，” she sticks around to hear my problems.She's lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community.Community isn't so much a place as it is a state of mind.You find it whenever people ask how you're doing because they care, and not because they're getti