【精品】中考英语 第二轮 语法专题聚焦 专题十二 简单句课件1（可编辑.ppt

中考英语 第二轮 语法专题聚焦 专题十二 简单句课件1简单句作为中考的考点，具体内容包含了祈使句、感叹句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、倒装句及主谓一致。考点一祈使句1肯定祈使句句型：动词原形其他成分。如：Be careful！小心！“Do祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。please用在祈使句中表示一种客气的语气，但用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。如：Close the door，please.请关门！2否定祈使句常见句型：Dont动词原形其他成分。如：Dont be late for school again！别再迟到了！以Never开头：Never动词原形其他成分。如：Never leave todays work for tomorrow！不要把今天的工作留到明天！No名词/动名词如：No photos！禁止照相！Dont let动词原形Lets not动词原形如：Dont let him go there alone.Let him not go there alone.回答祈使句时要用将来时。如：Please remember to walk the dog every day.请记住每天去遛狗。Yes，I will.是的，我会的。掌握“祈使句and/or结果状语”结构。如：Work harder，and youll get good grades.更加努力吧，你会取得好成绩的。类别结构例句用法what引导What a/an形容词单数可数名词(主语谓语)！What a kind girl(she is)！多好的女孩啊！感叹句，表情感，how，what放句前。名词词组跟what，how与形、副紧相连。为了使句子更简洁，主谓部分也可省。What形容词复数可数名词/不可数名词(主语谓语)！What beautiful flowers(they are)！多漂亮的花啊！What bad weather(it is)！多糟糕的天气啊！how引导How主语谓语！How time flies！时间飞逝！How形容词/副词(主语谓语)！How brave(the hero is)！多伟大的英雄啊！How形容词a/an单数可数名词(主语谓语)！How clever(a boy he is)！多聪明的男孩啊！2特殊疑问句由疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句应针对所提的问题进行具体回答，不能用Yes或No回答。结构：疑问代词或疑问副词一般疑问句？常见的疑问代词有：who，whom，what，which，whose等；疑问副词有：when，where，how，why等；由what和how构成的词组有what color，what time，how far，how old，how many，how often，how soon等。如：When did it start？它什么时候开始的？Where do they come from？他们来自哪里？Why do you like pandas？你为什么喜欢熊猫？What color is your schoolbag？你的书包是什么颜色的？How much is the Tshirt？这件T恤衫多少钱？词组含义用法how many多少提问数量，后跟可数名词复数how much多少(钱)提问数量，后跟不可数名词；提问价格how often多久一次提问频率how long多长时间提问持续的时间，答语用“for一段时间”或“since过去的时间点”how soon多久提问将来的时间，答语用“in一段时间”how far多远提问距离3.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方作出选择回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能用Yes或No，要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。选择疑问句分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句or被选择部分？如：Do you like apples or pears？你喜欢苹果还是梨？I like pears.我喜欢梨。特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句A or B？如：Which would you like better，tea or coffee？茶和咖啡，你更想要哪一种？Id like coffee.我想要咖啡。考点四倒装句英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就构成了倒装句。下面是几种倒装句的具体形式：1so/neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语该结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，其中的助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。但“so倒装”依附于肯定句，表示前边肯定的情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“也”。“neither倒装”依附于否定句，表示前边否定的情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“也不”。如：Tom watched TV last night，so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了，安也看了。Mary didnt watch TV last night，neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视，吉姆也没看。【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时，应用so主语be动词/助动词/情态动词。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。2there be 句型there be 句型表示“存在”，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。如：There is a tree in front of the building.楼房前有一棵树。3以副词开头的倒装句在以here，there，out，in，down，away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。因此，谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如：There comes the bus.公交车来了。考点五主谓一致1语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式。当and连接两个或多个名词，或both.and.连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。不定代词either，neither，body，thing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。由each，each.and each.，every.and every.，every.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。主语后有with，as well as，no less/more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。“a number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生的人数为32。“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)名词”和“分数或百分数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。由“a pair(a kind，a series.)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds.)of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.桌子上放着一副太阳镜。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15双鞋。某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves.)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。不定式、动名词、短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。2意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念。由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。表示金钱、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government.)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？3就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).，not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。There be.和Here be.这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。1_exciting news!Yes.It makes everyone happy.AHow BWhat a CWhat2_do you take exercise every week?Twice or three times.AHow long BHow soon CHow often3His father likes keeping dogs and _Aso is his mother Bso his mother does Cso does his mother4I tried many times，but I still failed in the experiment.Cheer up._，and youll make it next time.AHaving a bit more effortBHave a bit more effortCIf you have a bit more effortCCCB5 _bad weather it is!Lets stay at home and watch TV.AHow BWhat CWhat a6How time flies！Well graduate.Three years _really a short time.Awere Bwas Cis7How wonderfully you are playing the piano！_do you practice it a week?Twice.Practice makes perfect.AHow often BHow many timesCHow soon8 _call me Wang Wang!Its my dogs name.ANot BNo CDontBCAC9I can visit many places of interest as a tour guide._interesting job it is!AWhat an BWhat CHow10Nowadays，each of the students _a newdictionary in the countryside.Ahas Bhad Chave11Its late，Teresa._earlier next time and youll have enough time to have breakfast.OK，Mum.I remember.AGet up BGetting up CTo get up12I went to the park yesterday._But I didnt see you there.ASo do I BSo did I CNeither did IAAAB13Ive been waiting for two hours._will you get here?In ten minutes.AHow long BHow soon CHow many14Lily and I will go to the old peoples home this weekend._Can I join you?ASo will I BSo I will CSo do I15Therere many students in our school._of them girls.AOne third;is BOne third；areCTwo thirds;isBAB