初一上册英语语法.doc
初一上册英语语法 初中英语并不难学，只要掌握了诀窍 一切都易如反掌 这里 为你集锦了初一一年来的语法知识，希望对广大同学们有所帮助。.初一1.there be 句型 “有”指 “某地有某物”形式 ：there is, there are例：There is some food in the fridge。冰箱里有一些食物。 There are many books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。区分：there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词 ，例如：a book , an egg, milk， ice-cream .there are 用来修饰可数名词复数如果要表达某处没有某物 则要用there be 句型的否定形式，即在there be 后加not ,即 there be not形式：there is not (there isn't) there are not (there aren't)例： There isn't any milk in a glass。 There aren't any vegetables in the fridge.若表示是否有，则要用 there be 句型的疑问句 即把be 提前 Be there 形式 Is there , Are there例：Is there any milk in the glass? Are there any vegetables in the fridge?注意：这里涉及some any 的用法 some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的疑问句中，是想要得到肯定答复的，要用some。例：Would you like some milk?对于there be 疑问句的回答：肯定：Yes,there isare. No,there isn'taren't.2.havehas got 有 指某人有某物例：I have a dog.我有一只狗。 He has a sister and a brother.他有一个姐姐和一个弟弟。区分 ：have has: have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数（I ，we ，they) has用来修饰第三人称单数（she, he , it ）若表示某人没有某物，则要用否定形式，即在havehas got 后加not 即have not (haven't)got ,has not(hasn't)got.例：I haven't got a sister but i have a brother. She hasn't got bright eyes and long hairs.某人是否有某物则要用havehas got的疑问形式，HaveHas +sb.sth. + gotHave they got a picnic at weekends?Has the dog got a host family?回答：肯定：Yes, i we they have. Yes , she he it has. 否定：No , i we they haven't. No, she he it hasn't.注意：there be 和 have got 的区别 两者虽都指"有"，但侧重点不同。例：1There are some food in the fridge. <2>The fridge has got some food.虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但（1）句侧重于食物，（2）句侧重于冰箱。3.be(am is are)用法：我用am 你用are is连着她他它，单数用is，复数用are例：I am a stident. She is a beutiful girl. He is a child. It is a dog. You are my teacher. They are my friends, The boys all are England.be 的否定形式 直接加not 即 am not, are not , is not.例：I am not an English. I am Chinese. She isn't kind. They aren't my friends.疑问形式把be提前 即 be+ 主语.？例：Is he your father? Are they going to have a party?回答：肯定：Yes, I am. Yes,she he it is. Yes , you we they are. 否定： No, I am not. No, she he it isn't. No , you we they aren't.be的句式， 所用情况：1be + 形容词（adj.). 例：I am very happy.2> be+ 名词（n.) 例：He is a boy.3> be + 介词短语 例：She is in the school.4> be形容词短语例： He is only 11 years old.5> be+ 副词 例：Class is over. 4. 情态动词 can can 可以 能够，表示某人能做某事 用法：can+v.原 不能做某事，则用can 的否定形式：cannot (can't)+v.原 can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能（不能）做某事都能用can若表示某人是否能做某事 则要用can 的疑问形式，即can+sb.？例：I can speak Chinese. I can't speak English. Can you speak English? He can swim but he can't play football. Can she play the piano?疑问句回答 ：肯定：Yes, I she you he it they we can. 否定：No, I she he it you we they can't.注意：can 表示“能力”时，指现在的能力，并不指过去或将来的能力。5 . 情态动词would 想 主要用于 would you like to .句型中，表示邀请。例：Would you like to go to school with me ?回答一般有两种形式：1 表示愿意：I' like love to. 2 拒绝：Sorry, 原因。注意：would like to 本身并不表示邀请， 而是想要。例：I would like to some books.另外，表示邀请还能说：Let's. Shall we. What How about.还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式：1）询问时间：When is. 2) 询问地点： Where is.6 行为动词的一般现在时用法：1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事，则要用行为动词的一般现在时He goes to school every day.They eat dinner in the evening.2.若表示某人现在的动态，也可用一般现在时。I know him very well. 我和他很熟。He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。若表示否定意义，若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人称复数，只要在谓语动词后加not，即do not(don't) ，若主语是第三人称单数，则要在谓语动词后加does not (doesn't)例：I don't go to school every day. She doesn't goes to the shop every day. You don' t sing vell well.若表示是否经常做某事 则要用疑问意义，将do does 提前即可例：Do you write a composition every day? 你每天写一篇作文吗？ Does it smell good? 它闻起来很香吗？注意：行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词，用法：用于行为动词之前，be动词之后常见的频度副词有：often ，always ， usually ， never ,seldom ，sometimes等7.变法总结名词变复数（1）一般在词尾加-s 例词：bags, vegetables ， books （2）以s , x , ch , sh 结尾的加-es 例词: watches , boxes , buses ， brushes (3)以o 结尾的加-es 例词：两人两菜：heroes 英雄 negroes 黑人 tomatoes 西红柿 potatoes 土豆 （4）以o 结尾的加-s 例词：zoos , zeros (5) 以 辅音字母+y 结把y 变 i 加-es 例词：babybabies ，citycities (6)以 f 或 fe 结尾 ，把f 或 fe变成 -ves 例词：beafbeaves ， lifelives第三人称单数变化形式和名词变复数变化形式相同
