高考英语《名词性从句》九大高考热点分析.doc

名词性从句九大高考热点分析名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的结构特点（即有一套主谓成份）；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点，也是高考的主要考点之一。我们必须弄懂和掌握以下热点问题。一、连接词what与that的用法区别。引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。又如：_ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where解析：该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.二、 连接词whether和if的用法区别。通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if or not。例如：_ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That解析：试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是C。但是在宾语从句中表达“是否”既可用if也可用whether。三、 名词性从句的语序。与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。例如:No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能是A。又如：You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited 解析：答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。四、 形式主语、形式宾语。当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。例如:_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有that-从句（逻辑主语），可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常带复合宾语。例如：Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如：_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever解析：答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：I cant remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）六、 Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. that D. where 解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或 where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（MET94）；Do you remember _ he came?Yes, I do, he came by car.A. How B. when C. that D. if解析：答案是A，从答语 “he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。七“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别。介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（作宾语时自然要用whom）。比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语，所以要用宾格whom。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）八、连接词that的省略。引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例如：Chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。九、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money.This the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which解析：答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。2004-07年高考题1.(07全国17)matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which答案 A解析 本题考查主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以A项正确。2.(07天津15)The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine andsoft sands makeit is.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where答案 A解析 句意为：每年夏天这儿的海边都吸引大量的游客。温暖的阳光和柔软的沙滩使海边成了现在的样子。what引导宾语从句，且what在从句中作表语，意为“的（东西）”。3.(07安徽33)You can only be sure ofyou have at present; you cannot be sure of somethingyou might get in the future.A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that答案 B解析 what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语；that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可以省略。4.(07湖南28)Having checked the doors were closed，andall the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where答案 B解析 句意为：确保门关上了，且所有的灯都关上了之后，那个男孩打开门进了他的卧室。checked后跟了两个宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that省略了。5.(07陕西8)parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As答案 C解析 本题考查名词性从句的选用。分析句子结构可知，此处主语从句缺少动词say and do的宾语，故用what。6.(07浙江5)Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? Thatsthe best jobs are.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why答案 A解析 本题考查名词性从句。句意为：为什么不到市中心商业区去碰碰运气呢，鲍勃？那是最好的工作所在的地方。where“的地方”，在此引导表语从句。7.(07福建35)It is none of your businessother people think about you.Believe yourself.A.howB.whatC.whichD.when答案 B解析 本题考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，而真正的主语应为后面的从句，且从句中缺少动词think的宾语，故用what引导。8.(07江苏25)Choosing the right dictionary depends onyou want to use it for.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether答案 A解析 what引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语， what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语，其他选项为副词或连词，无此作用。9.(07山东22)Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales，please?A.anyoneB.someoneC.whoeverD.no matter who答案 C解析 whoever在句中引导名词性从句，作介词to的宾语，whoever在从句中作主语；no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。10.(07山东24)worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It答案 D解析 it在句中代指所发生的事情，the way在句中作方式状语，同时又作了先行词，其后为定语从句，省略了引导词that或in which。11.(06北京29) Could you do me a favor? It depends onit is.A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever答案 C解析 疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句或名词性从句，但句意为：要看帮什么忙了。所以whatever不合适。12.(06天津4)What we used to thinkimpossible now does seem possible.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.will be答案 B解析 由句意“我们以前认为不可能的事现在看起来的确是可能的”和谓语动词used to think可知空格处的谓语部分应该表达过去意义。13.(06山东27)team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter whatB.No matter whichC.WhateverD.Whichever答案 D解析 由句式结构可知此空白处应选择连词引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作team的定语使用，选项中只有whichever和whichever可同时具备这两种功能，且从数个已知的队中选择一个，故选whichever。14. (06安徽29)A warm thought suddenly came to meI might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which答案 C解析 that引导同位语从句，解释a warm thought的具体内容。that只起连接作用，但不能省略。15. (06四川30)Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story，believe it or not，we got lost on a rainy night.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when答案 B解析 that引导同位语从句。which引导定语从句在从句中要作成分；when引导定语从句缺少表时间的先行词。16.(06全国23)See the flags on top of the building? That waswe did this morning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what答案 D解析 本题考查了表语从句的用法。由句中句子结构可知，此处缺一表语从句引导词，而且要在句中作did的宾语，故只有what符合要求。17.(06全国16)What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me doI think I should.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what答案 D解析 what可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。在本题中作动词do的宾语。18.(06辽宁30)makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever答案 A解析 what引导主语从句，并作从句的主语，what=the thing that。19.(05全国23)Mary wrote an article onthe team had failed to win the game.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that答案 A解析 介词on后是一个句子结构，可判知该句为宾语从句，因从句中不缺少主语、宾语，所以what、who不对；that引导名词性从句时，不在从句中作任何成分，也不表达任何意义，所以不合题意；why在此引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作原因状语。句意为：玛丽写了一篇关于该队为什么没有赢得比赛的文章。20.(05天津2)Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.A./B.whetherC.how D.what答案 B解析 从语法上分析，and后面的部分也应是tell的宾语，所以要填一个宾语从句引导词。what在从句中无成分可作，所以不合适；how则意义不对；而whether正合句意。21.(05辽宁29)Do you have any ideais actually going on in the classroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which答案 B解析 在这里，所填词引导的从句是对前面名词idea内容的解释，所以应是同位语从句。同位语从句中缺主语，根据题意，答案应为what。22.(05浙江15)Danby left word with my secretaryhe would call again in the afternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which答案 B解析 that引导的从句作word“口信”的同位语，别的引导词不合适。23.(05福建26)Mum is coming.What presentfor your birthday?A.you expect she has gotB.you expect has she gotC.do you expect she has got D.do you expect has she got答案 C解析 本题考查双重疑问句，因此插入语为一般疑问句形式；do you except，故排除A、B两项；另外在此结构中，expect引导宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述语序。所以选C项。24.(05湖南35)I was surprised by her words，which made me recognizesilly mistakes I had made.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which答案 A解析 句意为：我对她的话很吃惊，它迫使我承认我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。本题考查宾语从句连接词的用法。从句表感叹，中心词为名词，所以选what。25.(05重庆34)The old ladys hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctorthis shaking had begun half a year before，and，only because of this，she had been forced to give up her job.A.when;howB.how;when C.how;howD.why;why答案 C解析 本题考查的是动词explain后引导的宾语从句的引导词的选用。第一空用how较易，但第二空很多考生填when，其实在前一分句中已有时间状语，故此处用when明显不对，仍然需用how引导，即“她是如何被迫放弃工作的”。26.(05山东26)The shopkeeper did not want to sell forhe thought was not enough.A.whereB.howC.whatD.which答案 C解析 what引导从句作介词for的宾语。what在从句中作主语，此处what可以分解为the money that。句意为：店主不想以在他看来不足够高的价钱来卖东西。27.(05江西33)The way he did it was differentwe were used to.A.in whichB.in whatC.from whatD.from which答案 C解析 be different from.为固定搭配短语。what引导from的宾语从句并在句中作介词to的宾语。28.(05安徽32)Great changes have taken place in that school.It is no longer it was 20 years ago， it was so poorly equipped.A.what;whenB.that;whichC.what;whichD.which;that答案 A解析 第一个从句是表语从句并在从句中作表语，所以用what；后面是一个when引导的定语从句，其先行词是20 years ago。29.(04广东25)Parents are taught to understandhowimportant education is totheir childrens future.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so答案 B解析 本题关键是对句子的理解和语序的安排。抛开从句不看的话，从句中的原句应该是：Education is important to their childrens future。强调important，用how来修饰，再把它提前，所以应该选how。30.(04全国31)You are saying that everyone should be equal，and this isI disagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how答案 B解析 where引导表语从句，where指的是在某一点上，相当于at the point。句意为：你说每个人都应该平等，在这一点上，我不同意你的说法。disagree是不及物动词，所以不能用what。31.(04天津35)A modern city has been set up inwas a wasteland ten years ago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where答案 A解析 in后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少句子的主语，要用what作主语。32.(04北京31)We cant figure outquite a number of insects，birds，and animals are dying out.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when答案 C解析 本题考查引导宾语从句的引导词。根据关键词are dying out可排除as、when两项。figure out有“理解，想出；计算”等意。根据句意应选why。33.(04湖南24)I think father would like to knowIve been up to so far，so I decide to send him a quick note.A.whichB.whyC.what D.how答案 C解析 此句关键在于弄清短语be up to该短语意思是：忙于，从事，其中to为介词，所以需要一个代词，根据句意，只能用what。34.(04上海春38)The other day，my brother drove his car down the street atI thought was a dangerous speed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that答案 C解析 at后接宾语从句，当宾语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，要用what引导。此句中what作宾语从句的主语。35.(04上海春41)Along with the letter was his promisehe would visit me this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether答案 B解析 本题考查同位语从句。句意为:他在信中承诺：在即将到来的圣诞节来看望我。由句子结构可以看出promise后的从句非常完整，不缺少任何句子成份；由题意可知该从句用以说明promise的内容，所以可判断出是一个同位语从句，因为是在陈述一个事实，故引导词要用that。