高一外研英语必修一 module5 知识点.docx

Module 51. two-thirds _a quarter _three quarters _2. expand v. expansion n.expand the vocabulary _3. at the stage of 在.期间 stage by stage _4.draw/reach/come to a conclusion _ in conclusion _5.with the aim of (doing) sth. _ aim at/for sth _ aim()at_ aim to do sth _6.equip sth/sb with sth two pieces of equipment _7. react to _ react on/upon _8. in order _ put sth. in order out of order _ in order that+ 句子 为了 by order of _9. at the top of _ at the bottom/foot of_10. learn from _ learn sth from sb _learn of/about sth _11.make sure of sth _ make sure that _12.addto _ add to _ add up _ add up to_ add that。 _13. in the form of _14. keep ones balance _ lose ones balance _ off (ones ) balance _ on balance _15.take turns to do sth _16. in turn _Its ones turn to do sth _17.used to do sth _be/get used to doing sth _be used to do sth _18.in the area of _19.be proud of = take pride in _be supposed to do sth _20.be astonished at/by sth _be astonished to do sth _in astonishment _词汇拓展：1.liquid （反义词） 2.expand (反义词)3.mixture (v.) 4.conclusion (v.)5.react (n.) 6.equipment (v.)7.partial (n.) 8.electricity (adj.)9.describe (n.) 10.ordinary (同义词) _（adv.）11.astonished (v.) 12.aim (adj.) (adv._13.exist (n.)根据中文写英语1. 大众科学 2.固体 3. 液体 4. 气体 5. 存在 6. 加热 7. 膨胀 8. 收缩 9. 金属 10. 钢 11. 铁 12. 混合物 13. 物质 14. 氧气 15. 表面 16. 自然的,天然的 17. 人造的 18. (1)十二（一打） (2)二十 (3)百 (4)千 (5)百万 (6)十亿 (7)dozens of (8) scores of (9)hundreds of (10)thousands of (11)millions of 19.分数：1/3 4/5 a quarter 3/4 单词表：1. 膨胀 vi. 2.收缩 vi. 3. 物质 n. 4.吃惊的，惊愕的 adj._ 5.混合物 n. 6. 氧气 n. 7.电 n. 8. 阶段；时期 n. 9. 结论n. 10.目标，目的 n. 11. 反应 n. 12. 设备，装备 n. 13. 部分的，局部的 adj. 14. 煮沸，煮 vt. 15. 普通的，平常的 adj. 16.蒸汽；水气 n. 17. 漂浮 n. 18.形成 vi. 19. 溶解，分解，分离 vi 20.天平n. 21.火焰 n. 22.演讲 n. 23.（大学的）科、系 n. 语言知识点1. exist vi. 存在；生存(不用于进行时) 系动词，无被动（同remain）水以固体、液体和气体三态存在。 _盐存在于很多东西里。Salt exists in many things.在其他星球上存在着生命_.句型： There exists a problem to solve. 翻译：有一个问题需要解决。There exists/existed.某地有；存在 归纳拓展existent adj.存在的；现行的(1)exist in在于（consist in, lie in） exist onlive on靠生活/生存(2)existence n存在；生存 be in existence存在 come into existence开始产生，成立 bring into existence使产生例句：a.你知道世界是何时产生的吗？ Do you know when this world _?b.没有食物和水我们就不能生存。We can't exist _.c.我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。I can _ exist on the wage that I'm getting.【链接训练】He doesn't believe in the _ of God.Alife Bexist Cexistence Dexhibition2. When you heat a metal, it expands. (P41) vt./vi. (使)（尺寸、数字或数量等）扩大，增加e.g. 我们学校的学生人数在迅速增长。Students in our school are expanding rapidly.我们可以通过阅读扩大词汇量。We can expand our vocabulary by reading. 扩展/发展(事业)e.g. 我们增开了两家商店以扩大业务。We have _ the business by opening two more stores.政府建设一所分校来扩大我们的规模。The government decided to_ by building a branch school.3. When you heat a metal, it contracts. (P41) heat vt. /vi. 加热，使变热 n. 热量；热度，激动 contract vt./vi. 收缩；签订合同 n. 合同；契约（extract拔出，提取，提炼） e.g. 金属热胀冷缩。 Metals expand when they are heated and contract when (they are) cooled. contract with sb.与 签定合同sign/make a contract with sb.4. If object A weighs 100 kilogrammes, (p43) weigh: (1) vt. 称的重量 e.g. He weighed the metal on the balance. 他在天平上称了这块金属的重量。 曹冲给大象称了重量。 _. (2) vi. sth的重量是(后面加数字) 大象重10吨。_. (3) weigh a ton 非常重 这些箱子重得很。 These cases weigh a ton. weight: n. 重量 增肥： put on weight/ raise weight 减肥： lose weight5.The reaction of metals with these substances can be put in order. (P44)(1) react：vi 反应 react to sth 对.做出反应 Local residents have reacted angrily to the news. react with sth Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. react against He reacted strongly against my suggestion.react (the) most/least 反应最强/弱 哪种金属与氧气和水反应最强？Which of the metals _ oxygen and water?(2) reaction： n.e.g. The_ metal with these substances can be _.金属和这些物质的反应依次排列如下。 某人对某事的反应：sbs reaction to sthA与B的化学反应 the reaction of A with B6. Add some oil to the water.(P45) 在水里加些油。add up合计；合乎情理Addto加起来是；意味着add to增加, add.to.把加到add that.补充说(1). add A to B 把A加入B中翻译：在水里加些油。_若茶太浓，你可再加些水。If the tea is too strong, you can add some water.(2). add to 增加 = increase坏天气增加了我们的困难。The bad weather _ (3). add up sth 把加起来把这十个数字加起来。_(4). add up to 总计达到(后加数字)这十个数字加起来等于100。_这项工程费用总计200万美元。The expense of the project added up to 2 million.(5).补充说，接着说 He _ that he was tired.The German said he was satisfied with the visit, _that he would come again.2+3 =5 If you _, you will get 5. 2 and 3 is / is equal to / equals / makes 5.Remember：little steps add up to big dreams. 记住：不积跬步，难以至千里。【链接训练】Did little Kate help you with the work yesterday?Why？Yes. But her help，as a matter of fact，_my difficulty. What a naughty girl!Aadded up toBadded upCadded toDadded7. ordinary ordinary/ common/ usual / normal1. ordinary：平凡的，平淡无奇的 相貌一般的_反义词：outstanding2. common: 和有/没有共同点 _ 3. usual: 习惯的，经常的 反义词：unusual 4. normal：正常的恢复正常_ 反义词： abnormal变态的,不正常的练习：(1)Lucy在英国是个很常见的名字 Lucy is a _ name in England.(2)你能告诉我一个科学家和一个普通人之间的不同吗？Can you tell the difference between a scientist and an _ man? (3)这是我们共同的花园. This is our _ garden. (4) 他的体温正常吗？ Does he have a _ temperature.(5)这是我的老位子，每一次我上公交车我都会坐这个位子。This is my _ seat. Every / each time I got on a bus, I will take this seat.8. .,as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.因为两个大学都有不错的物理系。(P49)(1) I suppose, 我认为， 我认为他会同意。I suppose he will agree. 我觉得物价将会上涨。 The price will go up, I suppose.(2) be supposed to do /be 理应如此 他们理应互相帮助。_ (3) suppose/supposing 表“如果，假设”=if 如果下雨的话，我们怎么办？_ it rains, what shall we do?9conclude va. 断定；推断；b. to come to an end结束，终止； conclude sth. with.就某事与达成协议；以结束 conclude sth. from.从推断出 arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论 in conclusion总之；最后； to conclude最后 make a conclusion下结论; bring.to a conclusion使结束例句：(1)They concluded a treaty with Turkey. 他们同土耳其缔结了一项条约。(2)We _ that he was against our plan.我们得出结论他反对我们的计划。（3) _, we should _ to reduce the air pollution. 最后，我认为我们应该采取一些有效的措施去减少空气污染。 (4)我断定他不适合做这项工作。 I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.（5）最后，我对各位出席这次会议表示感谢。_, I would like to thank you for your coming to the meeting.（6）等了半个小时后，我得出结论，他不会来了。After waiting for half an hour, I _ that he wouldn't come at all.【链接训练】The _，I think，he drew from his simple experiment is not scientific.AconclusionBchargeCpromiseDrelation10form n表格；形式；外形；状态，精神vt. & vi.形成；构成；组织；养成；培养归纳拓展(1)fill in/out the form填表be in/out of form/condition/shape状态良好/不好in the form of.用的形式take the form of.采取的形式in good/bad form/condition/health/shape处于良好状态(2)form a good habit of形成一种的好习惯form in line排好队form (set up) a company创办公司form into组成；编成例句：（1）他正在填申请表。_（2）这个队在整个比赛过程中一直处于良好的状态。The team were_ throughout the whole competition.（3）那些饼干的形状像星星。The cookies were all _ stars.（4）中学时，他们养成了早起的习惯。They _getting up early when in high school.【链接训练】(1)_，the house is like the letter S.AIn form BIn the form CWith form DIn a form(2)Different forms of maps are appearing.各种形式的地图出现了。(3)This footballers been _.这个足球运动员的状态不好。(4)Help                                 money will be very welcome.以钱的形式资助将十分受欢迎。【链接训练】_，the house is like the letter S.AIn form BIn the formCWith form DIn a form11balance n天平，秤；平衡；收支差额，余额v平衡；斟酌，权衡归纳拓展(1)keep a balance between A and B 保持A与B均衡keep one's balance保持(身体)平衡；保持镇静lose one's balance失去平衡，心慌意乱(表动作)be out of balance失去平衡(表状态) (2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A与B(3)balanced adj. 保持平衡的；均衡的例句(1)你穿着溜冰鞋能保持身体平衡吗？_(2) 在作出决定之前，一定要权衡利弊。_(3)他在墙上用双臂保持平衡。_【链接训练】There are both advantages and disadvantages in the scheme proposed，but _ I think we should benefit by adopting it.Aon balance Bout of balanceCon the balance Doff balance12. I never used to enjoy science, but. (P49) 过去我从来不喜欢理科，但. used to do sth 过去常常做某事（现在不再如此） 我小时候常常走路上学。 I used to go to school on foot. 他父亲过去常常回家很晚，是不是？比较：used to do sth _be used to do sth_be/get used to sth /doing sth_他过去常吸烟，但现在不了。_这块木头是用来做桌子的。_他已经习惯了新的环境，并习惯于早起了。_归纳拓展 (1)It used to be said that.过去人们常说There used to be.过去有(2)be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于做某事(to为介词，后跟名 词、代词或动名词)be used to do sth.被用来做某事(use在此为“使用”之意，是其被动语态，后跟不定式)I_in the house which_books and magazines.Aam used to live；used to keepingBused to live；has been used to keepingChaving been used to living；was used to keepDused to live；is used to keep重点句型：It is hard to think of a world without metals. 很难想象一个没有金属的世界。归纳拓展(1)It is /seems /feels.adj.to do句型中it用作形式主 语， 真正的主语为动词不定式。(2)It beadj.for sb.to do sth.句型中表语说明不定式行为的特点，常见的形容词有easy，hard，difficult，important，necessary，expensive，impossible，possible 等。(3)It beadj.of sb.to do sth.句型中作表语的形容词是对 sb.及其行为的评价，此类形容词有 good，kind，nice，wise，wrong，clever，brave，honest 等。(4)It beadj./n.that从句例句:a. It seems only reasonable to ask students to buy a dictionary.要学生买一本词典，好像也没什么不合情理的。b. It's careless of you to make so many mistakes in this exam. 在这次考试中你出了这么多错，真是太粗心了。It's difficult to finish the task in such a short period of time. 在这么短的时间内完成这项任务很困难。Is it true that the Smiths are emigrating?史密斯一家要移民，这是真的吗？记住：it is no good/use doing sthIt is no good sleeping for a long time.【链接训练】Do you think Jack is to blame?Yeah，it was very rude _ facial paper to the guests at the table.Aof him to throw Bfor him to throwCthat he threw Denough to throwExercises:(1) Do you go to work by bus? - _. A. Yes, but I did. B. No, but I do C. No, but I used to D. No, but I didnt(2) He will not have money to spend on books as he _. A. was used to B. used to C. spent D. do (3) The old man used to _ in the country, but he is now used to _ in big cities. A. live ; live B. living; living C. live ; living D. living ; live (4) Tractors are used to _ farm work. A. doing B. done C. do D. did 13. leave1>离开（某地）去某地leave (sp) for sp2>遗留；把落在后面忘记带走leave sth behind3>剩下；余下T：如果家里没有面包了，我会在回家路上 顺便买些。I will _some bread on my way home if there isnt_.4> to do nothing or to make something stay or let something stay in a particular state or position 任由处于某种状态你能让门开着吗？Would you please _?别关电视，好吗？_, _?他让我在雨中等了2个小时，这件事真让我无语了。(leave sb / sth+ doing)He just _ for 2 hours in the rain, which really _.短语：leave sb/ sth alone leave aside leave behind leave out语法：1.“比较级and比较级”结构(两个同义形容词的比较级)，表示“越来越”的意思。“the比较级，the比较级”结构，表示“越就越”。例句：As time goes on，the boy is getting more and more diligent.这孩子的勤奋与日俱增。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越感到高兴。2. “the比较级of the two”意为“两者之中更的一个”。例句：The larger of the two islands is Britain，which lies to the east of Ireland.两个岛中较大的是大不列颠岛，位于爱尔兰东部。(5)比较级和否定词连用，意为“最不过”。例句：The situation couldn't be worse.形势再糟糕不过。They have never seen a movie better than this one.他们从未看过这么好的电影。3. 注意no比较级than句型的特殊含义。A is no more careful than B. A和B两人都不仔细。A is no less careful than B. A和B两人都很仔细。A is not more careful than B. A不如B仔细。A is not less careful than B. A的仔细程度并不弱于B。4. 一个人的两种性质的比较，用“more.than.”结构。例句：Ann acts quite unfriendly.安表现得相当不友好。I think she's more shy than unfriendly.我认为与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。(8)比较的对象不能相互包容。