最新如何防备流感HOWTOPREVENTINFLUENZAppt课件.ppt

如何防备流感如何防备流感HOWTOPREVENTINFLUENZAHOWTOPREVENTINFLUENZAWhat is Influenza?Influenza(flu):nis a highly infectious viral diseasencaused by various types of influenza viral strainsActions from Public Alert Leveln Maintain normal way of lifen Pay attention to further announcements from the GovernmentSerious Response LevelScenarios:nConfirmation of HPAI outbreaks in the environment of or among poultry population in retail markets,wholesale markets,farms in Hong Kong due to a strain with known human health impactnConfirmation of human case(s)of avian influenza in Hong Kong without evidence of efficient human-to-human transmissionActions from Public-Serious Leveln Maintain normal way of lifen Prepare enough masks for possible exigenciesn Pay attention to and comply with guidelines issued by the GovernmentEmergency Response Level Scenarios:nEvidence of efficient human-to-human transmission of novel influenza overseas or in Hong KongnInfluenza pandemicActions from Public-Emergency Level n Use mask appropriatelyn Pay attention to and comply with guidelines issued by the GovernmentCurrent level?Why Should We Prevent Influenza Changeable surface antigens of influenza viruses Potential threat Antigenic drift (minor changes)Seasonal influenza Antigenic shift (major changes)Emergence of pandemic strain Influenza pandemic How to PreventnAvoid touching live birds and poultry and their droppings nAfter contact with live birds and poultry,wash hands thoroughly with liquid soap and water immediately nPoultry and eggs should be thoroughly cooked before eatingnTravellers returning from areas with reported avian flu outbreaks should consult doctors promptly if they have symptoms of influenza after the trip.Let the doctors know the travel history and wear a mask to prevent spread of the disease How to Preventn Ensure good ventilationn Avoid visiting crowded places with poor ventilationn Prevent the trap of drainage pipe from drying and disinfect drain outlets.Pour half a litre of water into each drain outlet and add 1 teaspoon of 1:99 diluted household bleach solution into the outlet once a weekn Keep your home clean,wipe furniture and toilet with 1:99 diluted household bleach solution once a day8 Steps to Protect YourselfnIndividual preparedness-Before the pandemic comes-When the pandemic comesHow to PreventStep 1 Be prepared Step 2 Get vaccinatedStep 3 Keep hands cleanStep 4 Use mask properly 8 Steps To Protect YourselfStep 5 Know how influenza presentsStep 6 Manage fever wellStep 7 Practise healthy lifestyleStep 8 Be resourceful 8 Steps To Protect YourselfStep 1:Be Preparedn Follow a healthy lifestylen Consult a doctor for influenza vaccinationStep 1:Be PreparednBuild up good personal hygiene wash hands frequently wear mask when symptoms of respiratory tract infection develop cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose of soiled tissue properly in a lidded rubbish bin avoid touching eyes,mouth or noseStep 1:Be Prepared n Keep at home Masks Masks Antipyretics for use when necessary Antipyretics for use when necessary Thermometer Thermometer Liquid soap Liquid soap Tissue Tissuen Be always ready with information of family doctor&other useful informationnSeasonal peaks:Jan-Mar/Jul AugnInfluenza vaccination one of the effective means of preventing influenza and its complicationsnInfluenza vaccination is recommended to special groupsStep 2:Get VaccinatednPeople who should receive influenza vaccination:Elderly persons living in residential care homes Long-stay residents of institutions for the disabled Elderly persons aged 65 years or above Persons with chronic illnesses Health care workers Poultry workers Children aged 6 to 23 months Pregnant women in their second or third trimestern Influenza vaccine can be given on the same day as other types of vaccinesStep 2:Get VaccinatedStep 2:Get Vaccinatedn People not suitable to receive influenza vaccination:Allergic to eggs,neomycin,etc Allergic to previous dose of influenza vaccine With bleeding disorders or on warfarin deep subcutaneous injection Suffer from acute febrile illness receive when recoverStep 2:Get Vaccinatedn Two weeks after vaccination antibodies develop and provide protectionn Immunity declines over timeStep 2:Get Vaccinatedn Yearly influenza vaccine is targeted on seasonal influenza onlyn Development of a new vaccine which matches the pandemic viral strain will probably take several months to completeStep 3:Keep Hands CleanWhen Should We Wash Our Hands?n Before touching eyes,mouth&nosen When hands are contaminated by respiratory secretion e.g.after coughing/sneezingn After touching public installations or equipment e.g.escalator handrails,elevator control panels,door knobsn Before handling food or eatingn After going to toiletStep 3:Keep Hands CleanSteps to Good Hand Washing:nWet hands under running waternApply liquid soap and rub hands together to make a soapy lathernMassage all the fingers properly for at least 20 secondsRinse hands thoroughly under running waterStep 3:Keep Hands CleannDry hands thoroughly with clean cotton towel/paper towel/hand dryernThe tap may be turned off by using the towel wrapping the faucetNote:Rub hands with 65-95%alcohol handrub to disinfect them when hand washing facilities are not availableStep 4:Use Mask Properlyn A way to prevent spread of respiratory tract infectionsn Surgical masks prevent spread of droplet infections outwardInwardStep 4:Use Mask Properlyn People who should wear masks:Patients with respiratory infection symptoms Caregivers of patients with respiratory infection symptoms Visitors of clinics or hospitalsPoints to note about wearing a surgical mask:nThe mask should fit snugly over the face nTry not to touch the mask once it is secured on your face.If you must do so,wash your hands before and after touching the masknWhen taking off the mask,avoid touching the outside of the maskStep 4:Use Mask ProperlyPoints to note about wearing a surgical mask:nAfter taking off the mask,put the mask into a plastic or paper bag before putting it into a rubbish bin with a lidnA surgical mask should be changed at least dailynReplace the mask immediately if it is damaged or soiledStep 4:Use Mask ProperlyStep 5:Know How Influenza PresentsIncubation period:about 1-3 days Signs and symptoms of influenza:n Fevern Headachen Muscle achen Cough n Sore throatn Runny noseStep 6:Manage Fever WellFEVER Symptom of underlying illness (we should be concerned about the specific illness that causes fever)Normal body temperature n 37/98.6 n can vary 1-1.5 normallyReadings taken as reference under different methods of measurement:n Rectal temperature(38)n Oral or tympanic temperature(37.5)n Axillary temperature(37.0,less reliable)Step 6:Manage Fever WellSelf-care tips of fever:n Dressing in lightweight clothing and using light blanket facilitates escape of body heatn Maintaining good ventilation of indoor areas facilitates escape of body heatn Drink an adequate amount of watern Consume nutritious and easily digestible foodn Have adequate restSelf-care tips of fever:n Check body temperature regularlyn Take antipyreticsn Symptoms persistent,severe or getting worse consult a doctorNote:General households should maintain about one weeks supply of antipyretics for use when necessaryStep 6:Manage Fever WellStep 7:Practise Healthy LifestyleIs one of the most effective ways to prevent communicable diseasesTo lead a healthy lifestyle:n Eat a balanced dietn Get regular exercisen Do not smoken Have adequate rest build up body resistance Step 7:Practise Healthy LifestyleMajor components of a balanced diet nA variety of food nWhole grains as the major component of each meal nPlenty of fruits and vegetablesnAdequate amounts of fluids nEat adequate amounts of lean meat or beans,and reduced fat dairy products nAvoid processed or preserved food and food that is rich in fat,cholesterol,salt and sugarnHave regular meals Step 7:Practise Healthy LifestyleRegular exercise:n30 minutes every day/accumulate exercise time in multiple sessions not less than 10 minutes eachnPhysical activity of moderate intensity builds up cardiovascular endurance enhances heart and lung functions and blood circulation improves health Step 7:Practise Healthy LifestyleStep 8:Be ResourcefulnUseful websitesnDepartment of Healthnwww.dh.gov.hk nCentre for Health Protectionnwww.chp.gov.hk nMedical organisation hotlines 24-hour Health Education Hotline of the DH:2833 0111 Influenza Pandemic Hotline of the DH:187 2222 Tel nos.of hospitals under the HA having 24-hour emergency services Tel nos.of private hospitals having 24-hour emergency services Knowledge can alleviate fearnBefore crisis comes:Go through Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Kit nDuring the pandemic:Up-to-date and accurate information&government advice available through pamphlets,posters,websites,hotlines&the median Be prepared in advancen Understand Influenzan Work Togethern Prevent the PANDEMIC结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！48