2022年人教版新课标必修五高考英语单元知识点归纳.docx

精品_精品资料_高考英语一轮总复习人教版新课标必修五unit3单元学问点归纳1. impression n.印象.感想.印记1）固定搭配： make/ leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象be under the impression that.觉得.以为make no impression on对无影响 /成效give sb. a favourable impression给某人以好的印象 First impressions are most important.第一印象最重要. his impression of her=her impression on him她给他留下的印象2）其动词形式impress用法：impress作“使（某人） 印象深刻 ”时,常用结构有： impress sth. on/upon sb ./ impress sb. with sth . 给留下深刻的印象.使牢记.通常用于被动语态：be impressed by/at/with sth.或 be impressed on one s mind/memory.如： The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam.全部老师被你们的考试成果所深深感动His speech made quite an impression on the audience.他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象.【即境活用】1） was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错答案：His first impression on me / My first impression of him2) HistriptoIndiamade .他的印度之行对他的触动很大 答案：astrong impression on him3) He with his sincerity.他的真诚打动了她答案：impressed her 2 take up从事.占 时间、空间、留意力、等.连续典例 1) This table takes up too much room这张桌子太占的方.2) She has taken up a job as a teacher她当上老师了.3) This chapter takes up where the last one off本章连续上一章的内容.短语归纳 take off 脱掉（衣服等） .起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：take over接管：获得对的掌握或治理 take apart拆开：分开后将分成很多部分 take for 把视作：误认为takefor granted 认为是理所当然take down写下 ,登记 take back收回 诺言 ;【即境活用】 1）Helen always helps her mother even though going to school most of her day.A. takes upB. makes upC. saves upD. puts up（答案A）2） To keep healthy, Professor Johnson cycling as a regular form of exercise after he可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_retired.A. took up B. caught onC. carried outD. made for（答案为A.）3. constantly adv.始终.始终.重复不断的constantly.adv.不断的【经典例句】His report was constantly interrupted by applause.他的报告频频被掌声所打断.【考点聚焦】constantly常常和进行时连用,如：I m constantly telling her to b ehave herself.我不断的告知她要守法规.e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异.学问拓展： constant adj.连续发生的.不断的.重复的.4. flashback倒叙 Flashy 炫耀的 flashlight手电Flashback闪回,（小说,剧本）倒叙Flash across一闪而过,拂过flash by/past一闪而过Flash sth around炫耀The events in his happy family life were shown in flashback.他幸福的家庭生活是用倒叙法来表现的.5previous adj.先的 , 前的 ; 事前的 ; 以前的previous to在之前previously adv.从前的,以前的1） He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好. 2） His previous attempt was successful.他以前的尝试胜利了. 3） Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter.在会议召开之前,我们争论了这个问题.【即境活用】汉译英1）你以前有过这种工作体会吗？2）来这里之前,我为你预备了文件.答案：1） Do you have any previous experience of this kind of job. 2） Previous to coming here, I prepared all the documents for you.6. Uncertainty徘徊,迟疑 uncertaintlyBe uncertain about/ of对不确定In no certain terms明确有力的,不模糊的7. guide n.&. vt.指导,向导,导游.指引导Guide sb to/ through/around领着某人到 / 穿过 /参观to take . as one's guide to action把. . 作为行动的指南 a guide to a museum博物馆参观指南They guided us to the teachers' office.他们带领我们到老师办公室去.8. opening n.通路,口子.空缺.开放/ 始幕 Open （ adj,v ） -opener起子 opening通道,开口Opening ceremony开幕式opening time开头营业时间可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Opening words开场白adj.第一次的,开头的,开头的,开幕的There was an opening in the wall.Many people attended the opening of the new museum. His opening remarks are very attractive.9. surroundings n.pl.环境. surround v.环绕.环绕surrounding adj.四周的.邻近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.人人都喜爱在开心的环境中工作.启示同学摸索问题,哪些单词用作名词常常用复数形式10. tolerate容忍.忍耐 Tolerance宽恕.容忍 toleranttoleration宽容,容忍 Tolerate + ving = bear, stand, put up with + ving忍耐,容忍We simply cannot tolerate cheating in exams.我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为.I cannot tolerate her rudeness.我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼.11. lackn. &v.缺乏.没有【用法解读】1 lack用作名词表示：“缺乏.短缺 ”.用作动词表示：“缺乏.短缺.没有.不足 ” a lack of food /money/skills缺乏食物 /金钱 /技能2）固定搭配：for lack of因缺乏have no lack of不缺乏lack for nothing一无所缺be lacking in缺乏【经典例句】n.She showed a lack of humor.她缺少幽默v.A coward lacks courage.怯懦者缺乏士气【归纳比较】辨析lack 与 shortage ：lack 是一个通用性名词,指整体或局部的不足.shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack 同义,但它在指固定的、必需的或一般习惯量的总数不足时,比lack 所表示的不足更甚.【即学即用】 The trip was cancelled through .由于缺乏爱好这次旅行被取消了. He .他缺乏信心.12. 2.adjustv.调整,使适应Adjustment.n.调整,调剂Adjustable.adj.可调动的,可调剂的adjust to 搭配 适应The desks and seats can be adjusted adjust to the height of any child.My eyes haven t adjus ted_to the dark yet. adjustor= adjuster调整者,调剂器,调停者 13.under the mask of在的保护下可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_14. Be back on one s fee（t困境后）复原,完全复原可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Keep one s feet 站稳脚跟stand on one s own fee自t立Under one s feet碍手碍脚,厌恶struggle to one s fe挣et扎着站起来rise to one s fe站e起t 来jum p to one s fee跳t 起来15. Slide into（快捷而悄声的）移动,溜进slideover/around sth爽快的处理（问题） ,略过可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -16. Optimismpessimism Optimist pessimist Optimistic pessimisticBe optimistic about对持乐观态度17. presspres n. &v.按.压.逼迫.印刷.新闻【经典例句】v.He pressed the doorbell.他按了门铃.n.The book was favorably noticed by the press.此书颇获新闻界好评.【考点聚焦】固定搭配： press on/upon 1）努力连续或前进,如：The boys pressed on in spite of the wind.男孩子们不顾大风连续前进.2）把强加于,迫使接受,如：I wish he d stop trying to press his views upon his students.但愿他不再把他的观点强加给同学.Fastener纽扣,拉链fastfasten（ v ） Fastento/on 将系/ 扣/ 钉/ 装在上18. switch n. & v.用作名词表示 “开关.转换 ”.用作动词表示“转换 ”.a switch in在方面转变switch off（电灯,电器）关掉 switch onswitch over完全转变,变换switch out关上e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.第一个孩子诞生后,她就由全日工作改为非全日工作.I can't work next week, will you switch with me.下个周末我不能上班,咱俩换个班好不好？19. speed up加速【巧记提示】speed 速度 +up 上,让速度跟上,即加速.【经典例句】The car sped up when there was no one.没有人时汽车加速了.【考点聚焦】和 speed 搭配的常见短语：at a speed of以的速度with speed快速的at full/top speed全速的At a speech of以的速度 light、sound以光速,音速With speed快速的speed by很快的过去,飞逝20. Deserted无人居住的, 被抛弃的 deserter抛弃者,逃兵 desertion抛弃,逃脱 deserts应得的酬劳,奖赏,奖罚21. Massive大而重：或体格高大,相貌不凡Huge庞大Enormous庞大,超乎平常的Vast范畴广,数量大（面积）22. Imitate imitative imitation仿制品,扮演Imitate 有 /无意识的仿照Copy不是原色照搬23. Move movable mover 行动者 movement moving movie 24.Chinese citizen中国公民plain citizen老百姓可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Citizenship公民权 /身份 25.Button up紧闭,把扣上纽扣On the button精确,准时button it （口语）闭嘴26.Effect影响（ n ）affect vEffective effectively effectual奏效的 efficiency效率,功效 27.Instant（ n） -instantly instantaneous立刻的 instance例子,事例 At that instant在那瞬时for an instant一瞬时On the instant立刻the instant that一就28. Disposal处理 -disposed乐于的Dispose sb to/ towards使某人易于To v使某人情愿做Of去掉,排除29. Greed贪婪 greedily嘴馋的Be greedy for对贪婪30. Settle定居,解决 settled 稳固的 settler 殖民者,移民Motivate motivation motive motiveless 31.sight u 视力 ,目光lose sight of看不见 ;忽视 ;遗忘 ;失去联系I lose sight of the words on the blackboard. Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见,心不想. Keep out of my sight.别再让我观察你； c 景象 , 奇迹pl.风景 ,名胜 The seaside sunset was a beautiful sight.I enjoyed seeing the sights of the West Lake.out of sight看不见.在视野外lose one s sigh 失t 明catch /have /get sight of观察,发觉 in /within sight在视野内,看得见 at first sight乍一看,一看到就 at the sight of一观察in sb s sigh在t 某人看来 have long /far sight远视 have short/ near sight近视 near-sighted近视眼的32.sweep up打扫,横扫.涌向.快速的抱起【归纳拓展】有关up 的短语归纳：speed up加速 use up用光 come up过来eat up吃光 sit up熬夜/ 坐正turn up显现/ 开大 音/水量 【即学即用】1 He into his arms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里.2) In pushing to the train, the children the crowds of people.A. sweeping up intoB. swept up intoC. were swept upD. were swept up into sweep aside放 堆到一边 , 不予理睬sweep away扫清 , 快速毁灭 , 肃清 , 冲走sweep off扫清 ; 吹走 ; 大量清除sweep out扫掉 ; 清除可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_sweep over将. 一扫而光【即境活用】挑选短语并用恰当的形式填空.1) After the party, the house needed .2) The leaves were into the air by the strong wind.A. sweep offB. sweep overC. sweep upD. sweep out答案 : 1.sweeping up 2. swept up课文学问点：1 Think about how many changes there have been in the last one thousand years. in the last one thousand years在过去一千年时间里in the last /past +时间表示在过去多长时间里,与之连用的时态用现在完成时态Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the last ten years.2.What changes do you expect to see in your life in one thousand years time.一千年之后你料想会发生什么变化. Expect sb. to do sth.期望 某人 做某事 I expect to be back within a week.I didn t expect him to stay so long.hope to do something期望做某事 Joan s hoping to study law at Harvard. wishwish to do something期望做某事I wish to make a complaint.wish somebody something期望某人We wish them every happiness in their new home.3.I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.remind vt. to make someone remember sth that they must do使记住 ,提示 remind sb about sth /sb to do sth /sb that what /howPlease remind him to take his medicine.He r eminded me that I hadn t written to my mother. vt. to make someone remember someone that they knew or sth that happened in the past使某人想起remind sb of sth /sb that what /howThe view reminds me of my hometown.这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切.4.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.我很担忧这次旅行, 所以头几天心里总是不踏实.worried about the journey为过去分词作状语,在此处作缘由状语. worried adj.焦虑的苦恼的担忧的;worrisome adj.使人苦恼的 ,焦虑的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5, As a result, I suffered from“ time la结g果我”得. 1as a result of:作为的结果 ,由于了时间滞后症.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It snowed, as a result, she was late.天下雪 , 因此她迟到了.result from起因于 result in导致某事 ,造成某事 =lead to2suffer from: to experience something unpleasant, such as an illness, especially over a可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_long period of time or habitually患有 疾病等 ;为所苦 ,因而吃苦头.She suffers from headache.她患头痛病.辨析 : suffer 与 suffer fromsuffer意为遭受苦痛,缺失 ,忍耐羞辱等 ,其宾语为pain, lose, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback, suffer from遭受战争 ,自然灾难带来的苦难及患病之意.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_suffer fromthe war / the flood/ a headache suffer from cold and hunger遭受冰冷和饥饿派 suffering n.痛楚 ,苦恼 ;劳累 ,困难遭受 战争 ,洪水之苦 /患头病.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6. This is similar to the“ jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks fromyourprevioustimeperiod. 这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样,所不同的是,它意味着你的脑海里不停的从以前的时间段始终往回闪去.1 keep doing sth.连续做某事Itkeptrainingforaweek.接连下了一星期雨.辨析 :keep doing sth.与 keep on doing sth.这两个短语都表示每隔一段时间就发生的动作,这时可互换 ;keepdoingsth.强调动作的连续性和客观性 ,而 keep on doing sth.强调动作的重复性或动作执行者的决心 ,常含有肯定的感情颜色;keep away from不接近 ;躲开 keep back留在后面 ,不上前 ;隐瞒 keep off不接近 ,拦住keep out of使在外keep up跟上 ;赶上 ;保持 keep up with跟上 ;不落人之后7. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future Tours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.他父母的公司叫“将来之旅 ”,以其技术精湛著名.他们把我装在一个时间舱里,平安的把我送入了将来.Well- known for= His parents company was we-lkl nown for.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_transport n.运输 /输.交通工具v.运输 transport fromto Transport sb/sth to把 xx 运往Be transported back/ into（想象中）被带到Public transport公共运输air transport空运 Ocean transport海运rail transport铁路运输 Water transport水运从输送到可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The transport of vegetables from the farm to the market takes only half an hour. The yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the city8. The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 1as though /if似乎 , 似乎She loves the baby as if she were its mother. He looked as if he had known the answer.It looks as if it is going to rain.He acts as if a child.He stood there, as if crying.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He opened his mouth as if to speak.归纳： as though /ifconj.后可跟从句、形容词、名词、分词、不定式.引导从句时,通 常用虚拟语气,表示与事实不符或相反的情形.假如表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用did 或 were ,如与过去事实相反,就用过去完成时态.as though /if从句中的情形如有可能发生,用 陈述语气.Ex. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks asif it .A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken2left留下,剩下相当于一个形容词,放在被修饰的名词或anything,nothing,nobody之后,常常用在there be结构中.I haven t got any money left.There are two eggs left, if you re hungry. There s nothing left in the fridge.left/ remainingHe bought a book with the money . I have no money .9. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.由于缺乏新奇空气,我感到头痛.1 过去分词hit 在句中作状语,表示与主句中动作相伴发生的状况hit: to have a bad effect on对有不良的影响How will the new law hit the unemployed.新颁布的法令将使失业者遭受什么样的打击？辨析 : beat, hit与 strikebeat指连续的打;hit侧重指 “击中 ”有,时也指 “打一下 ” ;strike 常指 “猛的一击 ”. “敲锣 ”要用strike;打 “鼓 ”要用beat; “敲门 ”要用knock; “钟敲几点 ”要用strike; 比如意思的 “打击 ”要用givedeal a blow to sb. 2acheHe has an ache in his back.His back aches/ is aching.My body was all aches and pains. My body ached all over.cure an ache治好疼痛feel aches感到疼suffer from an ache遭受疼痛Ache to v期望做ache for因而疼痛,极度思念Ache all over全身疼痛10. He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest.hurry sb into催 促 sb 做hurry up加快行动in a hurry太快,急迫no hurry（口语）不用急11. I felt better in no time.我立刻感到舒适多了.in on time: very quickly立刻 ;立刻They will be back in no time.他们立刻就会回来.all the time始终 , 始终at a time依次 , 逐一 , 每次可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_at all times无论何时 , 始终 at one time从前at times有时behind the times过时的 ,落伍的 for the time being暂且 , 眼下 from time to time不时 ,有时 ,间或 in good time准时的,快速的no time to lose刻不容缓on time按时12. These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down onthe driving stick strongly one can move swiftly.这些气垫车是在的面上漂浮着的,只要把操纵杆弄弯或压下,你就可以快速的移动【句型剖析】1） by+ doing用某种方式或手段, 如, They put out the fire by pouring water on it.他们泼水扑灭了火. 句中 by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly修饰 move swiftly,表示使气垫车“快速的移动 ”的手段. driving stick中的 driving为动名词作定语,表示用途, 如： a sleeping car用来睡觉的车（卧铺车）.one 在句中泛指人2） bend弯曲.使弯曲.弯腰.弯身.常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts to sth.致力于某事. bend sb.to sth.迫使.说服bend the truth歪曲事实It's hard to bend an iron bar.把铁棒弄弯很不简单【即学即用】 She and kissed her daughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿 The road sharply .路向右急转弯 He made hi