2022年平行与垂直教学设计和反思 .pdf
平行与垂直教学设计岳阳市南湖新区双塘小学范淑清教学内容:人教版小学数学四年级上册第 56 页-57 页。教学目标:知识与技能:1、让学生结合生活情境，通过自主探究活动，初步理解平行与垂直是同一平面内两条直线的两种特殊的位置关系,初步认识平行线和垂线。2、通过讨论交流，使学生独立思考能力与合作精神得到和谐发展。3、在比较分析、综合的观察与思维中渗透极限、分类的思想方法。过程与方法:通过观察、操作、比较、概括等学习活动，让学生经历认识垂直与平行线的过程，掌握其特征。情感态度和价值观：培养学生学以致用的习惯，体会数学的应用与美感，激发学生学习数学的兴趣、增强自信心。教学重点：建立平行与垂直的概念教学难点：理解“同一平面”“互相平行”和“互相垂直”的含义教学方法：引导启发法，讲解法。学生学法：自主探究与合作交流教学准备:尺子、课件、量角器、三角板教学过程:一、情境导学1、神奇的魔方:感知同一个面2、西游记片断，回顾直线的特征。3、引出研究内容:同一平面内的两条直线有怎样的位置关系呢?二、合作研学（一）画一画自主操作，反馈展示。1、把纸看作一个平面，用笔任意画两条直线。2、思考：两条直线存在着什么样的位置关系呢？3、教师巡视，集中显示典型图形，强化图形表征。（1）展示其中一些同学的作品。（2）除了展示板上的这几种情况，其他小组还有补充吗？（二）分一分小组讨论交流，探索图形特征。1、整理图形，把其中具有代表性的图形通过电脑课件来展示，并编上序号。这些图形，同学们能不能对它们进行分类呢？可以分成几类？为什么这样分？2、尝试把摆出的图形进行分类。（教师参与讨论，强调学生说明分类的标准）3、把直线想象成无限长，再次分类。4、小结:同一平面内两条直线之间的位置关系只有“相交”或者“不相交”两种。（三）归纳特征，构建新知1、认识平行A、现在，把不相交的两条直线举起来。我们给这两条直线分别取个名字:直线 a与直线 b。对于在同一平面内，不相交的两条直线还有一个特别的名称。你知道是什么吗？B、阅读课本第 56 页,思考:什么叫平行线?怎样表示平行线?文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6你是怎么理解互相平行的?C、像这样在同一平面内，不相交的两条直线叫做平行线，也可说这两条直线互相平行。所以直线 a与直线 b 是一组平行线，也可以说直线 a与直线 b 互相平行。D、为什么要限定是在同一平面内？谁来说说。刚才说直线 a与直线 b 互相平行，互相平行是什么意思？两条直线 a 和 b 互相平行，就是说直线a 是直线 b 的平行线，直线 b 是直线 a的平行线。(记作 ab，读作 a 平行于 b)想一想：那我这样说对不对，直线a 是平行线。E、那你能再深入思考一下，平行线间的宽是一样的吗？（一样宽，所以平行线无论怎样延伸都不会相交。）F、说一说你身边的平行现象。2、认识垂直师:我们已经分析完了在同一平面内，不相交的两条直线，现在再来看看相交的两条直线，一样给这两条直线分别取个名字直线a 与直线 b。量一量，所画的两条相交直线组成的角度分别是多少？你们发现了什么？一种特殊位置关系：两条直线相交成直角。A、阅读课本第 57页,思考:什么叫互相垂直?什么叫垂线?互相垂直的两条直线的交点叫什么？B、像这种在同一平面内，两条直线相交成直角，就说这两条直线互相垂直，其中一条直线叫做另一条直线的垂线。这两条直线的交点叫垂足。直线 a 和直线 b 互相垂直，也就是说直线a 是直线 b 的垂线，直线 b 是直线a 的垂线。文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6(记作 ab，读作 a 垂直于 b)C、找一找你身边的互相垂直的现象。3、今天我们就要一起来认识认识平行与垂直。（揭示课题）4、其实我们每天都在和垂线与平行线打交道。你们看：书本面相邻的两边是互相垂直的，相对的两边是互相平行的。同学们，你们还能找一找、想一想你的身边还有哪些物体的边是互相垂直的，哪些物体的边是互相平行的？找到后快快把你的发现告诉同组的同学。5、学生试着说概念师归纳总结并板书。互相平行和互相垂直、垂线和垂足的概念.三、检测析学（一）完成书第 57 页做一做。(二)辨一辨。1、两条直线相交，那么这两条直线互相垂直。2、a是一条平行线。3、不相交的两条直线叫做平行线。四、提升赏学1、欣赏生活中垂直与平行的美。2、创造活动:折一折用一张纸，动手折一折，折出垂线与平行线。五、全课总结，完善认知同学们，你觉得这节课里你表现怎样？你有什么收获和体会？文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 ZZ4V8M4X2T6文档编码:CH1N9V6L1A1 HQ6M5X7I5B10 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