主动表被动的几种情况复习课程.ppt

第一页，共25页。1Grammar 一一 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足状语、补足(b z)语等语等,但不能作谓语。但不能作谓语。第二页，共25页。2动动词词(dngc)不不定定式式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语(zhy)宾语宾语(bny)表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补第三页，共25页。3一般式：一般式：to be done,完成完成(wn chng)式：式：to have been done。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。的被动式。e.g.He asked to be sent to work in that factory.They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.动词动词(dngc)不定式被动式不定式被动式(发生在谓语动词之后发生在谓语动词之后(zhhu)或同时发生或同时发生)(发生在谓语动词之前发生在谓语动词之前)第四页，共25页。4第五页，共25页。谓语(wiy)动词主动表被动 主动表被动 非谓语(wiy)动词主动表被动 第六页，共25页。61.有些不及物动词或短语有些不及物动词或短语,如如 exist,appear,happen,occur,come true,take place,break out,run out,等常以主动形式表被动等常以主动形式表被动(bidng)意义。意义。我的钱用完了。我的钱用完了。(run out)我实现了梦想。（我实现了梦想。（come true）My money has run out.My dream has come true.一、谓语动词主动一、谓语动词主动(zhdng)表被动的四种表被动的四种情形情形第七页，共25页。72.感官感官(gngun)动词动词(feel,look,seem,taste,sound),和一些连系动词和一些连系动词(如如 remain,keep,stay,prove等）常以主动形式表示被动意义。等）常以主动形式表示被动意义。The water _(feel)cool when I jumped into the pool.The ice-cream _(taste)delicious.felttastes第八页，共25页。83.当当read,write,draw,wash,clean,burn,cook,cut,wear,sell等词与等词与well,easily,quickly 等副词连用时等副词连用时,常用常用(chn yn)主动表被动。主动表被动。第九页，共25页。9The cloth washes well.The poem reads smoothly.The book sells well.This cheese doesnt cut easily.Its too soft.This shirt will wear very long.The floor doesnt clean easily.This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.第十页，共25页。10Questions:1.When did the accident _?交通事故是什么时候发生的？2.When did the war_?战争(zhnzhng)是何时爆发的？3.Ice-cream always _ well in summer.冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。happenbreak outsells第十一页，共25页。114.The music _ beautiful.音音乐优乐优美美动动听。听。5.As time went on,Einsteins theory _ to be correct.随着随着时间时间的推移的推移(tuy)，爱爱因斯坦的理因斯坦的理论论被被证证明是正确的。明是正确的。6.Good medicine _bitter!soundsprovedtastes第十二页，共25页。12二、非谓语动词二、非谓语动词(dngc)主动表被动的主动表被动的情况：情况：1.不定式不定式to blame,to let/rent,to hire,to seek用做表语时，通常用主动用做表语时，通常用主动(zhdng)表被动。表被动。Who is to blame?The house is to let.(该怪谁呢？该怪谁呢？)(此屋出租此屋出租(chz)。)第十三页，共25页。132.在在“主语主语+be+形容词形容词+to do”结构结构(jigu)中的不定式通常中的不定式通常 The question is difficult to answer.Do you think the water is safe to drink?His writing is impossible to read.The strawberries are nice to eat.The man is hard to please.The room is expensive to live in.第十四页，共25页。14有有时时(yush)形容形容词词后跟有名后跟有名词词，在名，在名词词后用作定后用作定语语的不定式用主的不定式用主动动形式表示被形式表示被动动意意义义：Its a difficult book to read.那是一本那是一本难读难读的的书书。It is a pleasant thing to remember.这这是一件是一件值值得得记记住的愉快的事。住的愉快的事。第十五页，共25页。153在在there be结构结构(jigu)中中例如：例如：There is a lot of homework _（do）There is nothing _（worry about）to doto worry about第十六页，共25页。164.在在“tooto;enough to”结构结构(jigu)中中主动表被动。主动表被动。tooto也可用被动如：也可用被动如：The problem is too difficult _(work out)The house is big enough _(live in).to work outto live in第十七页，共25页。175.不定式用于某些动词的（不定式用于某些动词的（have,have got,get,want,need）宾语后做后置）宾语后做后置(hu zh)定语时，主动表被动：定语时，主动表被动：e.g.I have some letters to write.I want something to drink.不定式与所修饰的名词为被动的动宾关系，不定式与所修饰的名词为被动的动宾关系，与句子的主语为主动的主谓关系时，不定与句子的主语为主动的主谓关系时，不定式用主动表被动。式用主动表被动。第十八页，共25页。18但是注意：I have something to type.(我自己打)I have something to be typed.(请别人打)所以：当不定式的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致(yzh)时就用主动表被动，若不一致(yzh)，则需用被动表被动。I have a letter to post.(自己寄)I have a letter to be posted.(请别人寄)第十九页，共25页。196.be worth/need/want/require/deserve/bear +doing,主动主动(zhdng)表被动表被动In all,the book is worth reading.=is worthy to be read.Such a man as Mr Smith is not worth helping.Such a man as Mr Smith is not worthy to be helped第二十页，共25页。20The plants need wateringevery day.=need to be watered.The wall wants repairing =to be repaired.He is ill.He deserves sending to hospital.=to be sent to hospital.第二十一页，共25页。217.不定式与疑问词连用(linyng)e.g.Which movie to watch has not been decided yet.I dont know what to do next.8.在“with+宾语+to do”结构中。例如：With nothing _(do)，he lay in bed With so many exercises _(finish)，I cant go to the cinemato doto finish第二十二页，共25页。221.这些孩子需要细心照料。这些孩子需要细心照料。2.他不知道接下来要怎么表达自己。他不知道接下来要怎么表达自己。3.这个这个(zh ge)问题很好解决。问题很好解决。These children need looking after carefully.He didnt know how to express himself.This problem is very easy to work out.第二十三页，共25页。234.Im going to Beijing next week.Do you have anything _ to your parents?5.I have a meeting to_ today.（今天我有一个（今天我有一个(y)会议要参加。）会议要参加。）6.Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter _?7.There is nothing _（worry about）.8.The pen _(write)smoothly.9.He asked _(send)to the place where he was most needed.to be takento be postedattendto worry aboutwritesto be sent第二十四页，共25页。24第二十五页，共25页。