研究生英语综合教程(下)-unit-1教学文案.ppt

研究生英语综合教程(下)-unit-1Task 1Discuss with members of your group what is/are the most important element(s)for living a full life.You may choose one or more from the following list or provide your own answer.Then give reasons why you have made such a choice.a good appearance close friends a happy mindset a good neighborhood perfect health an absorbing hobby a good job lottery winnings a happy familyStarting outStarting outTask 1Task 1Task 2 Your best friend has recently been in low spirits ever since she was diagnosed with COPD(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)(慢性阻塞性肺病慢性阻塞性肺病).She stays in bed most of the time and misses a lot of classes.She has nothing to do,and moreover wants to do nothing.How would you encourage her to cope with the disease with a positive attitude?Starting outStarting outTask 2Task 2Here are some suggestions from experts that will enable you to retain(or take back)much of your independence and improve your quality of life.Dont isolate yourself.reach out to others Stay as physically active as you can Manage your breathing Stick with your treatment planStarting outStarting outTask 2Task 2Task 3Read the letter from John Doe and,with your partner,discuss how you could help him.Dear Abby,I feel like I almost cant breathe now.I work a ridiculous amount of hours and I dont have time to relax.My parents live 1,400 miles away and I am here all by myself.I have no time to make friends.Sometimes I feel I dont even have a life.What should I do?Kind regards,JohnStarting outStarting outTask 3Task 3 Dear John,I used to live a life just like yours.I can see myself in you when I finished my college and started my first job.I found a job as junior reporter for Chicago Daily so I moved from Houston to Chicago.I was working 18 hours a day in a place where I knew few people.My health finally broke down from too much work and poor diet.I stayed in hospital for two weeks.My parents came to Chicago and took care of me.After I was out of hospital,I quitted my job and moved back to Houston,where I found a job in a local newspaper.I visited my parents often and I had time to hang around with my friends whom I had known for years as well as those I newly made.I felt happy finally.Starting outStarting outTask 3Task 3 So my suggestion is to take some time off your work and go back to visit your parents and friends.Consider changing a job which requires fewer hours so that you may have time to make friends.You may also try to take classes on a subject you are interested in or pursue a hobby.You are sure to find life worth living.Yours,AbbyStarting outStarting outListen to the passage“Bored to Death”and fill out the blanks.Weve all been bored from time to time.sometimes,when were really at loose ends（无所（无所适从）适从）,we might even say were“bored to death”or“_!”We dont really mean it,of course.But according to one study,it may be true.That is,it _ to be bored to death.Researchers in England looked at surveys done in the mid 1980sseveral thousand questionnaires filled out by _ about their jobs.so bored I could die seems possible literallyLondon civil servantsThe researchers found that those whod said that in the previous month they were bored at work were _ as other workers to die of a heart problem over the follow-up period.Workers who _ in their jobs were less likely to die prematurely（过早地）（过早地）.Now,this doesnt mean that feeling bored _ will kill you.Were talking about chronic boredom,as in being bored all the time.more than twice as likely claimed to be interested every once in a whileStarting outStarting outAnd its not necessarily boredom itself thats deadly.Most probably,according to the study,its the fact that being bored often leads to _ such smoking,overeating,drinking,and abusing drugs.Other studies have linked _a disease known often to lead to poor health.Does this mean that being engaged and interestedin other words,the opposite of bored_?Maybe.If not being bored means being physically active and adopting good dietary and exercise habits,then it certainly cant hurt.unhealthy habitsboredom and depressionleads to better healthStarting outStarting outThe Hidden Side of HappinessReading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding 2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Reading FocusReading FocusVocabulary in Action6Background Information1Watch a clip from The Pursuit of Happyness in which Christophers wife just left him.Discuss with your partner how people should pursue happiness.Background InformationBackground InformationClick on the pictureReading FocusReading Focus Global Understanding1Introduction2Body3Conclusion(Paras.1-3)(Paras.4-17)(Para.18)IntroductionReading FocusReading Focus Global UnderstandingMain idea:Many people find that enduring a harrowing ordeal _.There seems to be a built-in human capacity to _.What doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger.ultimately changes them for the betterflourish under the most difficult circumstancesBody Main idea:People who have suffered the most,who have beenforced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and torethink the meaning of their lives,_.may have the most totell us about that profound and intensely fulfillingjourney that philosophers used to call the searchReading FocusReading Focus Global Understandingfor“the good life”Argument 1:Happiness is only one among many values in human life.Sometimes only _ can foster such qualities as _ because _.Example:31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr.“I felt I hadbeen shown the secret of life and why were here:to be happyand to nurture other life.Its that simple.”the trials of adversitycreativitycompassion,wisdom,altruism,insight,Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandingsometimes onlydrastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of changeBody Argument 2:For many people who have endured extreme eventslike combat,violent crime or sudden serious illnessperhapseven the majoritylife _.ultimately becomes richer and Reading FocusReading Focus Global Understandingmore gratifyingBody Argument 3:Actually implementing these changes,as well asfully coming to terms with a new reality,_ _.And eventually,people may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined.Example:_.Although parenting can bring sleep deprivation and thenecessity of putting aside personal pleasure,ultimately,theemotional rewards can compensate for the pain and difficultiesof adversity.usually takesOne of lifes biggest challenges:parentingconscious,effortReading FocusReading Focus Global UnderstandingBody ConclusionMain idea:_.Its possible to live an extraordinary rewarding lifeeven within the constraints and struggles we faceReading FocusReading Focus Global UnderstandingTask 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text(P11)Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BCAADACDBDReading FocusReading Focus Detailed InformationCritical ThinkingReading FocusWork together with your partner to answer the following questions based on the text youve just read.Reading FocusCritical Thinking1.The writer claims in the first paragraph that,“many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.”In which sense does she mean by saying“to change for the better”,physically or mentally?2.In the second paragraph,the writer believes in“a built-in capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.”Do you agree with her?Provide examples to elaborate your opinion.3.Do you agree with the statement“What doesnt kill you actually makes you stronger”?Why or why not?Discuss in groups the following questions.1.Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person?Or do you know someone who has experienced this?2.Unlike those who are so unfortunate to have been struck by diseases or who have been forced to go through extreme difficulties in life,some people choose to voluntarily take adventures or challenges,like extreme sports,to push themselves to limits.Why do these people do so and what can they obtain from these experiences?Reading FocusCritical Thinking1.Hurricanes,house fires,cancer,whitewater rafting accidents,plane crashes,vicious attacks in dark alleyways.(para.1)Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point hurricane:a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water 飓风飓风 e.g.A drenching rain poured down and the rising hurricane drove it in sheets along the ground.similar terms:typhoon/monsoon季风季风/trade wind 信风信风vicious:1)violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically恶毒的恶毒的 e.g.a vicious murder a vicious killer2)very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someones feelings or make their character seem bad,有恶意的有恶意的 e.g.She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.similar words:malicious,evil,violent,savage残暴成性的残暴成性的,cruel,ferocious残忍的残忍的,fierce凶猛的凶猛的Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 2.There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.(para.2)Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point flourish:develop well and be successful e.g.The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.thrive:e.g.Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.3.This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide:(Para.3)fledgling:a fledgling state or organization has only recently been formed and is still developing e.g.Nursed the fledgling business through an economic downturn.Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 4.Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.(para.4)Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point paradoxes:a person,thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange e.g.He was a paradox-a loner独来独往的任独来独往的任 who loved to chat to strangers.The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.5.But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical,(papa.11)Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point transform:to completely change the appearance,form,or character of something or someone,especially in a way that improves ite.g.The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar超级巨星超级巨星.After three weeks we noticed a total transformation in his behavior.6.In that moment,our sense of invulnerability is pierced,and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away.(para.12)Reading FocusReading Focus Language Point 翻译：在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。Key 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-Task 1Read the words and their explanations in the box.Choose a word to complete each of the sentences below and explain its meaning.Change the form if necessary.(P14)provinces b.woke a.haunt b.trouble a.weathers d.wake b.coined c.trouble b.Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action Key 9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-weather c.province c.coin a.value a.haunts a.has promised a.trouble c.coin b.Reading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action promise d.values c.refrain b.valued e.Task 21.The _ atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2.Technological advances might _ lead to even more job losses.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate phrase from the box.Change the form if necessary.(P15)tranquilultimatelyadversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimatelyReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 3.In the _ of the shootings,there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4.Her kindness and generosity _ her occasional flashes of temper.5.He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _.6.Foreign food aid has led to a _ reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.aftermathcancel outordealdrasticReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately7.Perhaps her most important _ was her program of educational reform.8.There were food shortages and other _ during the Civil War.9.The new economic policies could prove _ for the party.10.The building will be completed around six months earlier than _.legacydeprivationssuicidalanticipatedReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately11.The experience was enough to keep him _ for some time.12.The road to happiness is paved with _.13.She _ to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14.He might be influenced by _ for the surroundings of his happy youth.15.In _,I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.preoccupiedadversitiesaspiresnostalgiaReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimatelyretrospectTask 3Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.Try to use the expressions you have learned from the text.(p.17)1.Watching your baby being born is _(极其令人兴奋极其令人兴奋的经历的经历).2.There is _ (内内置储藏空间置储藏空间)in all bedrooms.3.This handout focuses on _(自我保护措施自我保护措施)under difficult climatic conditions.a mind-blowing experiencebuilt-in storage spaceself-protection measuresReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action 4.Im sure we could offer you some _(短期的工作短期的工作).5.So,how is it that we all,or at least many of us,have such a _(歪曲的、否定的自我观念歪曲的、否定的自我观念)?6.Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing _(改变了生活的事件改变了生活的事件)in Then She Found Me.7.She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in_ (无所不包的细节无所不包的细节).8.Having a decent job contributes to _(一个好的自我形象一个好的自我形象).short-term employmentdistorted and negative self-perceptionlife-changing eventsReading FocusReading Focus Vocabulary in Action all-encompassing detailsa good self-imagePractical TranslationPractical Translation 语篇语篇（discourse）是在交际功能上相对完整和独立的一个语言片断。为了进行有效的交际活动，语篇应衔接衔接（cohesion）得当，连贯性连贯性（coherence）好。衔接手段（cohesive device）是一种谋篇手段，是生成语篇的重要条件之一，也是译者在翻译过程中首先要考虑的问题，因为它直接关系到译文的质量。衔接自然的译文读起来通顺、流畅、连贯；缺乏衔接或衔接不当的译文晦涩难懂，影响阅读，也影响交际功能的实现。语篇层次的翻译衔接从语篇层面上说，英汉两种语言在形合从语篇层面上说，英汉两种语言在形合（hypotaxishypotaxis）和意合（）和意合（parataxisparataxis）方面的差异。）方面的差异。由于英汉两种语言逻辑思维的不同，英语重由于英汉两种语言逻辑思维的不同，英语重“形合形合”，句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用显性，句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用显性的语言手段来实现，主要是通过各种语法手段和词的语言手段来实现，主要是通过各种语法手段和词汇手段，以表示其结构和逻辑关系。因此，英语中汇手段，以表示其结构和逻辑关系。因此，英语中长句多。汉语重长句多。汉语重“意合意合”，句中各成分之间或句子，句中各成分之间或句子之间的结合少用甚至不用形式衔接手段，主要靠句之间的结合少用甚至不用形式衔接手段，主要靠句子内部的隐性逻辑联系，注重逻辑事理的顺序以及子内部的隐性逻辑联系，注重逻辑事理的顺序以及意义和主旨上的衔接和连贯。因此，汉语中短句多，意义和主旨上的衔接和连贯。因此，汉语中短句多，短句间的逻辑关系靠意义来表达，语法处于次要地短句间的逻辑关系靠意义来表达，语法处于次要地位。在翻译过程中，要牢记英汉两种语言在形合和位。在翻译过程中，要牢记英汉两种语言在形合和意合意合 上的差别，注意形合和意合之间的转换上的差别，注意形合和意合之间的转换 和调整。和调整。1)I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an