2022考研复试口语特训讲义-翻译.docx

22考研复试口语特训讲义2022考研复试口语特训讲义复试口语翻译一、英译汉1 .词汇：专有名词（国名、人名、大洲、大洋名）国：Vietnam 越南Jordan约旦 Afghanistan阿富汗Burma缅甸X音译 ：人名、地名、少量机构Beethoven Darwin PlatoSapir BoasGreenland Queensland York New York Amazon直译：节日、大多机构、作品、专业术语Halloween DayWHO (World Health Organization) NBASocial ScienceRocktown Mr. Beans Tiger Woodsx意译 ：文化历史地名、作品(电影艺术)、俗语China Seoul Chinatown“ 1900”"Gone with the wind” “ After Shock” “The Better Times”Love apple Blind date音译为主，直译为辅，很少意译。22考研复试口语特训讲义.词汇：一词多性Education pays. 回报I second you. 挺一词多义熟词僻义Believe; belief 认为； 观点study研究同义多词homeX home prices 房价X home and abroad 国内X home of shopping 天堂be at home 自在X be at home with translation 擅长3 .语法I came yesterday.I loved you before.This is a beautiful girl.I give you a book.You make me smile.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句.词汇解决策略：四小微观技巧(1)词义的选择(上下文)elegant skin 好皮肤elegant system 好体系deal with challenge 应对挑战deal with adults与成年人交流/打交道22考研复试口语特训讲义 （2）词序的调整（副词常放在动词/形容词前，时间优先）I really love the girl very much.X Perhaps never beforeX 2 million tons a year in 1953（3）词性的转化（名词及少量形容词假设有动作含义，那么转化为动词） We are great readers.We are good swimmers.My campus life is filled with tears, laughter, sadness, happiness and depression. The study of historyThe emphasis on the theoryThe pursuit of happiness（4）词义的增减（抽象变具体） 增：Hot Dry Noodles are must in Wuhan.Find solutionsMake preparationsTop concern Ease tension减：3 1997介词A dog is a loyal animal. 冠词I am happy.系动词I run/ go/ get/ become/am mad.4 .语序：四大宏观技巧（1）被动语态标志：done （by sth./sb.）I am loved .你爱我The woman was killed.I saw a window broken by the boy.The window is broken.方法：0增加主动：主语提前；增加虚指主语：人们；我们；大家；有人0减掉被：（物做主语，动作发出者非人）0换：得到；受到；遭到；为所；加以；得以22考研复试口语特训讲义(2)定语和定语从句翻译标志：n + doing./ to do./ done./adj./prep.A boy running to meThe homework to finishThe window broken by TomThe way useful for youThe girl in blue/ of the class方法：还原至中心语前定语从句标志：n+ that/wh-地点/阶段+ where时间+ when原因+ why方法：那么直接顺译，需重复先行词I love my mother who is beautiful.I love my mother who is a teacher.（3）状语及状语从句的翻译状语标志：Doing./to do./done./adj ./prep.方法：常放置就近句首或放在谓语前（时间状语优先）I was born in 1985.1985年我出生了。/我在1985年出生。状语从句标志：连词 ii? because/ so.that.方法：常放置就近句首或放在谓语前（时间状语优先）假设从句过长，那么可以顺译，但需要重复连词我已经赚钱养家了，那时候过去：那时现在：此时将来：届时之所以。是因为。22考研复试口语特训讲义英文:（定语）主（定语）（状语）谓（状语）（定语）宾（定123456789语）（状语）10中文：（4）插入语,XXXX,XXXX,（XXX）观点提前，逻辑提前Today is, I think, cold.Today is, however, cold, really翻译四大步骤：1 .通读全文，理解上下文主题.逐句翻译，运用四大宏观技巧调整语序2 .调整句内词语，运用四小微观技巧修改.通读全句，调整翻译。22考研复试口语特训讲义二、汉译英1.难词直译(n.);意译；意译+音译black sheeplove 叩pie 西红柿 tomatokongfu Siheyuana unique style of traditional Chinese building, which is called "Siheyuan" in Chinese. Quadrangle象形文字七夕节a traditional Chinese lovers' day, which is called "Qixi"in Chinese.舞狮直：lion dance(2)文化遗产直：cultural heritage方言直：dialect意：local language(4)皇家园林直:royal garden(5)国花直：national flower(6)蜂拥直：swarm意:go together/ crowd(7 )幅员辽阔意:a large area(7) 士可杀不可辱意：A scholar cannot be humiliated.(8)不见不散意：I will wait for you until you appear. Be there or be square.(9)出污泥而不染意：It keeps clean and pure in the mud.22考研复试口语特训讲义2.难句定语：(的)+名词adj./ doing/ done+n.+(of+n.)+doing./ to do./ done./prep./adj.三姑六婆in school in 1999 (1)中国传统民间表演 the traditional Chinese folk performance2,000 多年历史 the history over 2000 years(2) 说不同方言的人 people speaking different dialects(4)当地文化的一个组成局部 a component of the local culture(5)中国许多地方 many Chinese places状语：句子前后,+ doing.Jto do/done./prep伴随I work hard, to pass the CET4/6.他们熟练配合，模仿狮子的各种动作。They cooperate skillfully, imitating the lion's various movements.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多。China is very large, with a big population.X两位表演者同披一件狮子服，一个舞动头部，另一个舞动身体和尾巴。状语：句子前后,+ 新主语 + doing./to do./done./ prep.伴随：独立主格I am singing, you dancing.I am teaching, you listening.Two performers wear the same costume of the lion. One is waving the head, with the other waving the body and the tail.增、减、换句：找谓语（唯一）谓语无添加谓语（有/是）四季如春：like谓语多去掉多余动词我是爱你的把多余动词转化为非谓语（doing/ to do./ done）断句（简；并；复）主语动作发出者，无主语转化为被动 千百年来，创造了许多诗歌和绘画赞美牡丹。In thousands of years, many poems and paintings are/ have been created, to praise/ appreciate the peony.X中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。牡丹培育和种植中国许多地方。The peonies are cultivated and planted in many Chinese places.22考研复试口语特训讲义三“有“1 .有生命/拟人have.无生命/无主语there be2 .伴随,withX地铁有平安、快捷和舒适的优点。2There are safe, convenient and comfortable advantages of the subway.There are advantages of safety, convenience and comfort of the subway.X中国有越来越多的城市开始建造地铁。2There are more and more cities, starting to construct the subway in China.X舞狮已有2,000多年历史。2There is the history over 2000 years of the lion dance.